Cardiovascular disease persists as the primary cause of human mortality,significantly impacting healthy life expectancy.The routine electrocardiogram(ECG)stands out as a pivotal noninvasive diagnostic tool for identif...Cardiovascular disease persists as the primary cause of human mortality,significantly impacting healthy life expectancy.The routine electrocardiogram(ECG)stands out as a pivotal noninvasive diagnostic tool for identifying arrhythmias.The evolving landscape of fabric electrodes,specifically designed for the prolonged monitoring of human ECG signals,is the focus of this research.Adhering to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)statement and assimilating data from 81 pertinent studies sourced from reputable databases,the research conducts a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the materials,fabric structures and preparation methods of fabric electrodes in the existing literature.It provides a nuanced assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of diverse textile materials and structures,elucidating their impacts on the stability of biomonitoring signals.Furthermore,the study outlines current developmental constraints and future trajectories for fabric electrodes.These insights could serve as essential guidance for ECG monitoring system designers,aiding them in the selection of materials that optimize the measurement of biopotential signals.展开更多
In the past decade,the surging demand for portable electronics,electric vehicles,and stationary energy storage grids has triggered a noticeable rise in the production of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,this swift rise ...In the past decade,the surging demand for portable electronics,electric vehicles,and stationary energy storage grids has triggered a noticeable rise in the production of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,this swift rise is now hindered by relying on the use of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP),a repro-toxic solvent,in the current cathode processing of LIBs.To overcome this challenge,here we have investigated triethyl phosphate(TEP) as a greener alternative to NMP.The compatibility with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)binder,the slurry rheology,the electrode morphology and cell performance with Ni-rich cathodes are characterized.The results show that TEP-based samples possess indistinguishable characteristics in all as pects studied when compared with NMP,revealing that TEP is a promising substitute for NMP in processing Ni-rich cathodes.It is anticipated that this green solvent,TEP,will draw attention from industry in the real-world LIB application in the future.展开更多
Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which shoul...Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which should possess small bandgap to ensure wide light harvest, facile charge separation to allow the generated photocharges migrating to the reactive sites and highly catalytic capability to fully utilize the separated photocharges. Proper electrode fabrication method is of equal importance for promoting charge transfer and accelerating surface reactions in the electrodes. Moreover,powerful characterization method can shed light on the complex PEC process and provide deep understanding of the rate-determining step for us to improve the PEC systems further. Targeting on high solar conversion efficiency, here we provide a review on the development of PEC water splitting in the aspect of materials exploring, fabrication method and characterization. It is expected to provide some fundamental insight of PEC and inspire the design of more effective PEC systems.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is an efficient oxidant with multiple uses ranging from chemical synthesis to wastewater treatment.The in-situ H_(2)O_(2)production via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)will br...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is an efficient oxidant with multiple uses ranging from chemical synthesis to wastewater treatment.The in-situ H_(2)O_(2)production via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)will bring H_(2)O_(2)beyond its current applications.The development of carbon materials offers the hope for obtaining inexpensive and high-performance alternatives to substitute noble-metal catalysts in order to provide a full and comprehensive picture of the current state of the art treatments and inspire new research in this area.Herein,the most up-to-date findings in theoretical predictions,synthetic methodologies,and experimental investigations of carbon-based catalysts are systematically summarized.Various electrode fabrication and modification methods were also introduced and compared,along with our original research on the air-breathing cathode and three-phase interface theory inside a porous electrode.In addition,our current understanding of the challenges,future directions,and suggestions on the carbon-based catalyst designs and electrode fabrication are highlighted.展开更多
Soft(flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs...Soft(flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference.Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics(flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations,challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.展开更多
Microbial electrochemical system(MES)offers sustainable solutions for environmental applications such as wastewater treatment,energy generation,and chemical synthesis by leveraging microbial metabolism and electrochem...Microbial electrochemical system(MES)offers sustainable solutions for environmental applications such as wastewater treatment,energy generation,and chemical synthesis by leveraging microbial metabolism and electrochemical processes.This review explores the transformative role of 3D printing in MES research,focusing on reactor body design,electrode fabrication,and bioprinting applications.Rapid prototyping facilitated by 3D printing expedites MES development while unlocking design flexibility,which enhances performance in optimising fluid dynamics and mass transfer efficiency.Tailored ink materials further improve the conductivity and biocompatibility of electrodes,paving the way for environmental applications.3D-printed bio-anodes and bio-cathodes offer enhanced electrogenesis and boosted electron acceptance processes,respectively,by fine-tuning electrode architectures.Additionally,3D bioprinting presents opportunities for scaffold fabrication and bioink formulation,enhancing biofilm stability and electron transfer efficiency.Despite current challenges,including material selection and cost,the integration of 3D printing in MES holds immense promise for advancing energy generation,wastewater treatment,resource recovery,carbon utilisation,and biosensing technologies.展开更多
Digital microfluidic(DMF)technology is widely used in bioanalysis and chemical reactions due to its accuracy and flexibility in manipulating droplets.However,most DMF systems usually rely on complex electrode fabricat...Digital microfluidic(DMF)technology is widely used in bioanalysis and chemical reactions due to its accuracy and flexibility in manipulating droplets.However,most DMF systems usually rely on complex electrode fabrication and high driving voltages.Sensor integration in DMF systems is also quite rare.In this study,a programmable magnetic digital microfluidic(PMDMF)platform integrated with electrochemical detection system was proposed.It enables non-contact,flexible droplet manipulation without complex processes and high voltages,meeting the requirements of automated electrochemical detection.The platform includes a magnetic control system,a microfluidic chip,and an electrochemical detection system.The magnetic control system consists of a microcoil array circuit board,a N52 permanent magnet,and an Arduino control module.N52 magnets generate localized magnetic fields to drive droplet movement,while the Arduino module enables programmable control for precise manipulation.The maximum average velocity of the droplet is about 3.9 cm/s.The microfluidic chip was fabricated using 3D printing and the superhydrophobic surface of chip was fabricated by spray coating.The electrochemical detection system consists of the MoS_(2)@CeO_(2)/PVA working electrode,Ag/AgCl reference electrode,and carbon counter electrode.To evaluate the practical value of the integrated platform,glucose in sweat was automatically and accurately detected.The proposed platform has a wide linear detection range(0.01–0.25 mM),a lower LOD(6.5μM),a superior sensitivity(7833.54μA·mM^(−1)·cm^(−2)),and excellent recovery rate(88.1-113.5%).It has an extensive potential for future application in the fields of medical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.展开更多
文摘Cardiovascular disease persists as the primary cause of human mortality,significantly impacting healthy life expectancy.The routine electrocardiogram(ECG)stands out as a pivotal noninvasive diagnostic tool for identifying arrhythmias.The evolving landscape of fabric electrodes,specifically designed for the prolonged monitoring of human ECG signals,is the focus of this research.Adhering to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)statement and assimilating data from 81 pertinent studies sourced from reputable databases,the research conducts a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the materials,fabric structures and preparation methods of fabric electrodes in the existing literature.It provides a nuanced assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of diverse textile materials and structures,elucidating their impacts on the stability of biomonitoring signals.Furthermore,the study outlines current developmental constraints and future trajectories for fabric electrodes.These insights could serve as essential guidance for ECG monitoring system designers,aiding them in the selection of materials that optimize the measurement of biopotential signals.
文摘In the past decade,the surging demand for portable electronics,electric vehicles,and stationary energy storage grids has triggered a noticeable rise in the production of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,this swift rise is now hindered by relying on the use of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP),a repro-toxic solvent,in the current cathode processing of LIBs.To overcome this challenge,here we have investigated triethyl phosphate(TEP) as a greener alternative to NMP.The compatibility with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)binder,the slurry rheology,the electrode morphology and cell performance with Ni-rich cathodes are characterized.The results show that TEP-based samples possess indistinguishable characteristics in all as pects studied when compared with NMP,revealing that TEP is a promising substitute for NMP in processing Ni-rich cathodes.It is anticipated that this green solvent,TEP,will draw attention from industry in the real-world LIB application in the future.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council through its Discovery Project (DP)Federation Fellowship (FF) Program
文摘Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which should possess small bandgap to ensure wide light harvest, facile charge separation to allow the generated photocharges migrating to the reactive sites and highly catalytic capability to fully utilize the separated photocharges. Proper electrode fabrication method is of equal importance for promoting charge transfer and accelerating surface reactions in the electrodes. Moreover,powerful characterization method can shed light on the complex PEC process and provide deep understanding of the rate-determining step for us to improve the PEC systems further. Targeting on high solar conversion efficiency, here we provide a review on the development of PEC water splitting in the aspect of materials exploring, fabrication method and characterization. It is expected to provide some fundamental insight of PEC and inspire the design of more effective PEC systems.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52070140)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.HC202151)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2021M702439).
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is an efficient oxidant with multiple uses ranging from chemical synthesis to wastewater treatment.The in-situ H_(2)O_(2)production via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)will bring H_(2)O_(2)beyond its current applications.The development of carbon materials offers the hope for obtaining inexpensive and high-performance alternatives to substitute noble-metal catalysts in order to provide a full and comprehensive picture of the current state of the art treatments and inspire new research in this area.Herein,the most up-to-date findings in theoretical predictions,synthetic methodologies,and experimental investigations of carbon-based catalysts are systematically summarized.Various electrode fabrication and modification methods were also introduced and compared,along with our original research on the air-breathing cathode and three-phase interface theory inside a porous electrode.In addition,our current understanding of the challenges,future directions,and suggestions on the carbon-based catalyst designs and electrode fabrication are highlighted.
基金support from the National Science Foundation under Award Nos. EFMA-2318057, ECCS-2339495, ECCS-2334134, ECCS-2216131, and CMMI-2323917。
文摘Soft(flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference.Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics(flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations,challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.
基金the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark(No.21-08-DTU,Denmark)VILLUM FONDEN(No.40828,Denmark)+1 种基金Independent Research Fund Denmark(Project 1,No.171114,Denmark)Horizon Europe project BIOMETHAVERSE(No.101084200)for partly funding the research.
文摘Microbial electrochemical system(MES)offers sustainable solutions for environmental applications such as wastewater treatment,energy generation,and chemical synthesis by leveraging microbial metabolism and electrochemical processes.This review explores the transformative role of 3D printing in MES research,focusing on reactor body design,electrode fabrication,and bioprinting applications.Rapid prototyping facilitated by 3D printing expedites MES development while unlocking design flexibility,which enhances performance in optimising fluid dynamics and mass transfer efficiency.Tailored ink materials further improve the conductivity and biocompatibility of electrodes,paving the way for environmental applications.3D-printed bio-anodes and bio-cathodes offer enhanced electrogenesis and boosted electron acceptance processes,respectively,by fine-tuning electrode architectures.Additionally,3D bioprinting presents opportunities for scaffold fabrication and bioink formulation,enhancing biofilm stability and electron transfer efficiency.Despite current challenges,including material selection and cost,the integration of 3D printing in MES holds immense promise for advancing energy generation,wastewater treatment,resource recovery,carbon utilisation,and biosensing technologies.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3208200)the equipment research and development projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(PTYQ2024YZ0010)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Project(XTCX-KJ-2024-038)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62401555)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(23J21900100)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20232838.
文摘Digital microfluidic(DMF)technology is widely used in bioanalysis and chemical reactions due to its accuracy and flexibility in manipulating droplets.However,most DMF systems usually rely on complex electrode fabrication and high driving voltages.Sensor integration in DMF systems is also quite rare.In this study,a programmable magnetic digital microfluidic(PMDMF)platform integrated with electrochemical detection system was proposed.It enables non-contact,flexible droplet manipulation without complex processes and high voltages,meeting the requirements of automated electrochemical detection.The platform includes a magnetic control system,a microfluidic chip,and an electrochemical detection system.The magnetic control system consists of a microcoil array circuit board,a N52 permanent magnet,and an Arduino control module.N52 magnets generate localized magnetic fields to drive droplet movement,while the Arduino module enables programmable control for precise manipulation.The maximum average velocity of the droplet is about 3.9 cm/s.The microfluidic chip was fabricated using 3D printing and the superhydrophobic surface of chip was fabricated by spray coating.The electrochemical detection system consists of the MoS_(2)@CeO_(2)/PVA working electrode,Ag/AgCl reference electrode,and carbon counter electrode.To evaluate the practical value of the integrated platform,glucose in sweat was automatically and accurately detected.The proposed platform has a wide linear detection range(0.01–0.25 mM),a lower LOD(6.5μM),a superior sensitivity(7833.54μA·mM^(−1)·cm^(−2)),and excellent recovery rate(88.1-113.5%).It has an extensive potential for future application in the fields of medical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.
