FY-3G is the first polar-orbiting satellite equipped with a precipitation measurement radar(PMR)operating at Ku-andKa-band frequencies in China.In this study,we compare the reflectivity data from the FY-3G PMR Ku prod...FY-3G is the first polar-orbiting satellite equipped with a precipitation measurement radar(PMR)operating at Ku-andKa-band frequencies in China.In this study,we compare the reflectivity data from the FY-3G PMR Ku product and groundbasedradars(GRs)during 2024.Also,the FY-3G PMR is used as a third-party reference to evaluate the reflectivityconsistency among different GRs.The FY-3G PMR and GRs share similarities in their general distribution,characteristics,and intensity of reflectivity in strong precipitation cloud systems,though the former presents less detailed system structure.Systematic deviations between the FY-3G PMR and GRs and between GRs are comparable,albeit the reflectivity of the FY-3G PMR is generally slightly stronger than that of GRs(especially X-band GRs),with a mean bias ranging from 0.7 to 1.7dB.S-band GRs exhibit the smallest systematic deviation(STD=3.09 dB)from the FY-3G PMR,whereas the X-band GRsshow the largest(STD=3.61 dB),indirectly indicating the highest internal consistency among S-band GRs and the lowestamong X-band GRs.Besides,both S-and C-band GRs display similar deviations when paired with the FY-3G PMR as wellas when paired with their adjacent S/C-band GRs,suggesting good consistency between these two bands.In contrast,XbandGRs exhibit relatively poor consistency with S-band GRs and the FY-3G PMR,showing a deviation ranging from 3.0to 4.6 dB.展开更多
China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the qua...China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the quantitative measurement ability of the PMR is critical.China operates more than 250 weather radars over the mainland.Consistency of the spaceborne radar with ground-based radars will enhance precipitation measurement ability,especially over oceans and mountains where observations are sparse.Additionally,the spaceborne radar can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal homogeneity of the ground-based radar network.This paper focuses on comparing the PMR onboard the FY-3G satellite with S-band China New Generation Weather Radars(CINRADs).A comparison algorithm between the PMR and CINRADs has been developed,incorporating detailed quality control,attenuation correction,data optimization,spatiotemporal matching,non-uniform beam filling constraint,uniformity constraint,and frequency correction.The matched data in typical months of four seasons were selected to carry out the comparison.The data consistency between the PMR and CINRADs was analyzed.The correlation coefficient is 0.87,the deviation is 0.89 dB,and the standard deviation is 2.50 dB,based on 98226 matching samples.The results show the radar reflectivity of the PMR is quite comparable to that of the CINRADs,demonstrating that the PMR data quality is satisfactory and can be used to verify and correct data consistency among multiple ground-based radars.This work also paves the way for data fusion and joint application of satellite and ground radars in the future.展开更多
This study investigates the precipitation and cloud characteristics during the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Yagi(No.2411)using an observation at 11:00 UTC on September 4,2024 from the Precipitation Measurement ...This study investigates the precipitation and cloud characteristics during the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Yagi(No.2411)using an observation at 11:00 UTC on September 4,2024 from the Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)onboard Fengyun-3G(FY-3G)satellite.The results show that,precipitation during the RI of Typhoon Yagi is dominated by stratiform rainfall(82%of areal fraction),while convective precipitation,despite a smaller coverage(18%),contributes 54.7%to the total rain rates.The heaviest precipitation occurs in the eyewall,with composite reflectivity factors exceeding 45 dBZ and near-surface rain rates of more than 100 mm/h.In stratiform precipitation,a typical bright band feature is observed at altitudes of 4-5 km,where reflectivity factors and droplet sizes experience a sharp increase.However,in stratiform precipitation,the droplet concentration is relatively low and its distribution is more uniformly vertically.Conversely,convective precipitation shows significant vertical variation.In the outer rainband,heavy convection leads to the generation of large ice-phase particles at 13 km,while convective precipitation in a lower level is stronger and displays typical oceanic precipitation characteristics.Additionally,heavy convective precipitation is associated with a positive feedback mechanism involving strong upward motion,promoting particle growth and latent heat release,which further enhances the updrafts of the convective system.In contrast,the stratiform precipitation areas within the spiral rainbands are affected by the cooling effect of the melting,resulting in weaker vertical development of the cloud system,which limits particle growth and leads to the formation of low-concentration small raindrops.Overall,this study reveals the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of precipitation during Typhoon Yagi’s RI phase,and discusses the associated dynamical-microphysical coupling mechanism.These findings offer critical insights for improving microphysical parameterization schemes in numerical models and typhoon forecasts.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation and Development Special Project of the China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.CXFZ2024J058)the Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Meteorological Joint Fund Project(Grant No.2024A1515510036)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3004101)the Technical Innovation Team Project of Guangzhou Meteorological Satellite Ground Station(Grant No.CXTD202401).
文摘FY-3G is the first polar-orbiting satellite equipped with a precipitation measurement radar(PMR)operating at Ku-andKa-band frequencies in China.In this study,we compare the reflectivity data from the FY-3G PMR Ku product and groundbasedradars(GRs)during 2024.Also,the FY-3G PMR is used as a third-party reference to evaluate the reflectivityconsistency among different GRs.The FY-3G PMR and GRs share similarities in their general distribution,characteristics,and intensity of reflectivity in strong precipitation cloud systems,though the former presents less detailed system structure.Systematic deviations between the FY-3G PMR and GRs and between GRs are comparable,albeit the reflectivity of the FY-3G PMR is generally slightly stronger than that of GRs(especially X-band GRs),with a mean bias ranging from 0.7 to 1.7dB.S-band GRs exhibit the smallest systematic deviation(STD=3.09 dB)from the FY-3G PMR,whereas the X-band GRsshow the largest(STD=3.61 dB),indirectly indicating the highest internal consistency among S-band GRs and the lowestamong X-band GRs.Besides,both S-and C-band GRs display similar deviations when paired with the FY-3G PMR as wellas when paired with their adjacent S/C-band GRs,suggesting good consistency between these two bands.In contrast,XbandGRs exhibit relatively poor consistency with S-band GRs and the FY-3G PMR,showing a deviation ranging from 3.0to 4.6 dB.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant U2442214)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team(Grant No.CMA2024QN10)+1 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau’s 14th Five-Year Civil Aerospace Preresearch Project(Grant Nos.D030303 and D040204)the International Space Water Cycle Observation Constellation Program(Grant No.183311KYSB20200015).
文摘China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the quantitative measurement ability of the PMR is critical.China operates more than 250 weather radars over the mainland.Consistency of the spaceborne radar with ground-based radars will enhance precipitation measurement ability,especially over oceans and mountains where observations are sparse.Additionally,the spaceborne radar can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal homogeneity of the ground-based radar network.This paper focuses on comparing the PMR onboard the FY-3G satellite with S-band China New Generation Weather Radars(CINRADs).A comparison algorithm between the PMR and CINRADs has been developed,incorporating detailed quality control,attenuation correction,data optimization,spatiotemporal matching,non-uniform beam filling constraint,uniformity constraint,and frequency correction.The matched data in typical months of four seasons were selected to carry out the comparison.The data consistency between the PMR and CINRADs was analyzed.The correlation coefficient is 0.87,the deviation is 0.89 dB,and the standard deviation is 2.50 dB,based on 98226 matching samples.The results show the radar reflectivity of the PMR is quite comparable to that of the CINRADs,demonstrating that the PMR data quality is satisfactory and can be used to verify and correct data consistency among multiple ground-based radars.This work also paves the way for data fusion and joint application of satellite and ground radars in the future.
文摘暴雨云团的宏微观结构在不同地理环境和环流背景下表现出明显差异。黄河流域内蒙古段地处半干旱区,地形复杂,暴雨突发性强。利用风云三号G星(FY-3G)卫星搭载的降水测量雷达(Precipitation Measurement Radar,PMR)数据,结合欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)的ERA5再分析资料,对2024年8月8日黄河流域内蒙古段暴雨过程的云团三维结构及环流背景进行综合分析。结果表明,暴雨发生在副热带高压与西风槽共同作用的环流背景下,700 hPa低空急流、明显的垂直风切变以及暖湿气流的强上升运动为暴雨形成提供有力动力条件。降水云系中同时存在层状云与对流云,对流云的平均粒子数浓度、有效粒子直径、降水率均高于层状云,且粒子数浓度和有效粒子直径的垂直分布与不稳定能量场高度一致;降水反射率在0℃层上下存在高频增强区,对流云在约5 km高度的潜热释放量是层状云的2倍,表明对流云团是此次极端暴雨的主要贡献者,对降水效率和降水强度具有决定性影响。云顶高度自西向东逐渐升高,极端暴雨区的云顶高度及0℃层高度的水平分布特征与地形起伏密切相关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42475168)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(24QA2709000)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Team for New technologies of Satellite Microwave Data Processing,China Meteorological Administration(CMA20240N10)the Academician Workstation of AP-TCRC.
文摘This study investigates the precipitation and cloud characteristics during the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Yagi(No.2411)using an observation at 11:00 UTC on September 4,2024 from the Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)onboard Fengyun-3G(FY-3G)satellite.The results show that,precipitation during the RI of Typhoon Yagi is dominated by stratiform rainfall(82%of areal fraction),while convective precipitation,despite a smaller coverage(18%),contributes 54.7%to the total rain rates.The heaviest precipitation occurs in the eyewall,with composite reflectivity factors exceeding 45 dBZ and near-surface rain rates of more than 100 mm/h.In stratiform precipitation,a typical bright band feature is observed at altitudes of 4-5 km,where reflectivity factors and droplet sizes experience a sharp increase.However,in stratiform precipitation,the droplet concentration is relatively low and its distribution is more uniformly vertically.Conversely,convective precipitation shows significant vertical variation.In the outer rainband,heavy convection leads to the generation of large ice-phase particles at 13 km,while convective precipitation in a lower level is stronger and displays typical oceanic precipitation characteristics.Additionally,heavy convective precipitation is associated with a positive feedback mechanism involving strong upward motion,promoting particle growth and latent heat release,which further enhances the updrafts of the convective system.In contrast,the stratiform precipitation areas within the spiral rainbands are affected by the cooling effect of the melting,resulting in weaker vertical development of the cloud system,which limits particle growth and leads to the formation of low-concentration small raindrops.Overall,this study reveals the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of precipitation during Typhoon Yagi’s RI phase,and discusses the associated dynamical-microphysical coupling mechanism.These findings offer critical insights for improving microphysical parameterization schemes in numerical models and typhoon forecasts.
