The current study attempted to formulate a conceptualization of Muslim fundamentalism as well as its counter-narratives as grounded in religious experience of Pakistani Muslims.Open ended interviews were conducted wit...The current study attempted to formulate a conceptualization of Muslim fundamentalism as well as its counter-narratives as grounded in religious experience of Pakistani Muslims.Open ended interviews were conducted with 133 Pakistani Muslim men and women of prominent local religious affiliations.Analysis revealed a grounded theory model of Muslim fundamentalism highlighting cognitive,and social psychological processes involved.Participants saw their religion as a complete code of conduct and inferred various meanings from completeness of Islam as finalized,closed to inquiry as well as rejecting of other cultures and religious traditions.The major inter-related themes of the model were totalitarianism,closed mindedness,binary thinking,hyper-exotericism,ambiguity intolerance,authoritarianism,punitive approach,violent tendencies,labelling,diversity intolerance and paranoia or threat perceiving attitude.The interplay of these factors is discussed in the light of earlier research on fundamentalism.The research also revealed strong counter narratives to fundamentalist stance which formulated the major themes of esoteric religiosity,open mindedness,pluralism,and Islam and civil society.The study carries implications for religious education of Muslims and their socialization with believers of other religious traditions.展开更多
According to the advocacy group Parents,Families,and Friends of Lesbians and Gays(PFLAG),gays and lesbians are victims of hate crimes seven times as often as straight peers.The question becomes what underlying ideolog...According to the advocacy group Parents,Families,and Friends of Lesbians and Gays(PFLAG),gays and lesbians are victims of hate crimes seven times as often as straight peers.The question becomes what underlying ideology currently exists in American society to perpetuate this behavior?This paper explores the impact of conservatism and religious ideology to anti-gay prejudice in public schools.The paper presents a model of an intergroup program using prevention of harassment,bullying and rejection to gay members of the student body by attempting a change in attitudes regarding gay students.It also provides recommendations for school administrators and teachers for confronting these challenges in public education.展开更多
The foundational and survival principles of all religions are shrouded in rituals, narratives, origin-stories, cultic practices, casuistries, taboos, mythical figures and institutions of authority. However, through ou...The foundational and survival principles of all religions are shrouded in rituals, narratives, origin-stories, cultic practices, casuistries, taboos, mythical figures and institutions of authority. However, through out history, religions have been threatened by politico-military and religious aggressions from other peoples, by heterodoxies, alternative origin-stories, practices and beliefs. These threats became unprecedented with the advent of Modernity. Faced with these destabilizing agents, they resorted to citing textual authorities, strengthening their institutions, giving leaders more powers, precisely defining belief commitments, punishing heretics and using violence against heterodoxies. Consequently, in their obsessive quest for preserving the sanctity of their faiths against modern threats, religions or section of a religion adopted both revival and resistant measures. Fundamentalism thus developed within these contexts. This paper intends to reveal that religious militancy and militarism are ramifications of Fundamentalism. It argues that Modernity＇s destabilizing agents to religions and religions＇ passionate desire for self-protective steps, militant or militaristic, yield to the phenomenon of Fundamentalism. Secondary sources were used to assemble the data while analytical and comparative approaches with empirical emphases on Christianity and Islam were used to weave the findings with the finality that militant or militaristic, Fundamentalism is religions＇ obsessive response to Modernity,展开更多
Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for em...Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for emhancing FMS and CF in early childhood remain unknown.Thus,the study aimed to determine the effects of PA interventions in enhancing FMS and CF among young children and to establish the optimal types of PA interventions.Methods:Six electronic databases(PubMed,OVID,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane)were searched for studies from inception to March 17,2024.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included in this study if they reported outcomes related to FMS,CF,or both associated with PA interventions.Effect sizes were calculated and performed as Hedges'g.The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Risk of bias was independently assessed using the Cochrane Riskof-Bias 2.Results:This analysis included 38 studies with 5237 young children,with sample sizes ranging from 32 to 897 participants.The types of PA interventions analyzed included active play/free play/unstructured PA(AP),general structured PA(GSPA),FMS-targeted PA programs(FMSprograms),cognitively-engaging PA programs(CPA),multilevel PA interventions(MPA),and exergaming.PA interventions had a large,pooled effect size for total FMS(g=0.96;95%CI:0.45-1.46;p<0.01;I^(2)=94%).For CF,a small-to-moderate pooled effect size was found(g=0.39;95%CI:0.18-0.60;p<0.01;I^(2)=88%).PA interventions longer than 3 months showed fewer benefits for FMS(p<0.01).The network meta-analysis showed that FMS-programs(standardized mean difference((SMD)=1.55,95%CI:0.98-2.11,SUCRA=98.3%)and GSPA(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.05-1.85,SUCRA=69.8%)significantly improved total FMS compared to AP.For locomotor skills(LMS),exergaming ranked highest(SUCRA=79.3%),followed by FMS-programs(75.9%)and GSPA(61.6%).However,despite its top ranking,exergaming's effect estimate was not statistically significant(SMD=1.38,95%CI:-0.08 to 2.85).For object control skills(OCS),exergaming again ranked highest(SUCRA=91.9%)and showed the largest significant effect(SMD=2.38,95%CI:0.96-3.80),followed by FMS-programs(SUCRA=78.5%)and GSPA(SUCRA=53.7%).FMS-programs,GSPA,MPA,and UC also significantly improved OCS compared to AP.While no significant differences were observed across PA interventions for most CF domains,exergaming had a significant positive effect on working memory(SMD=1.41,95%CI:0.07-2.75).The certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion:These findings emphasize the importance of PA interventions in improving FMS and CF in early childhood.FMS-programs and GSPA appear to be the most effective approaches for enhancing total FMS,while exergaming showed the highest ranking for LMS and OCS,with a significant impact on OCS but uncertainty in LMS improvements.Additionally,exergaming had a positive effect on working memory,suggesting its potential cognitive benefits.展开更多
Chinese Physics Letter's (CPL) is a peer-reviewed,international and multidisciplinary journal sponsored by the Chinese Physical Society (CPS) and Institute of Physics,CAS,and hosted online by IOP Publishing Ltd.La...Chinese Physics Letter's (CPL) is a peer-reviewed,international and multidisciplinary journal sponsored by the Chinese Physical Society (CPS) and Institute of Physics,CAS,and hosted online by IOP Publishing Ltd.Launched in 1984 as the flagship journal of CPS,CPL has become one of the most prestigious periodicals published in China,and been among the good choices for worldwide physicists to disseminate their most important breakthroughs.Nowadays it is dedicated to build an internationally recognized platform for researchers to publish original research works in all the branches of fundamental,applied,and interdisciplinary physics.展开更多
Let M be a compact n-manifold of positive sectional curvature.We will review classical results on the fundamental group of M,a motivation on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture that the fundamental group of M contains a cyclic...Let M be a compact n-manifold of positive sectional curvature.We will review classical results on the fundamental group of M,a motivation on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture that the fundamental group of M contains a cyclic subgroup of index bounded above by c(n),a constant depending only on n,and we will survey partial results(up to date)on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture.展开更多
Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the fo...Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.展开更多
Islamic fundamentalism is a reading of Islam,the Qur’an and hadiths,according to which a large part of these bases are nonhistorical,independent and immune to social and political changes and are applicable to all so...Islamic fundamentalism is a reading of Islam,the Qur’an and hadiths,according to which a large part of these bases are nonhistorical,independent and immune to social and political changes and are applicable to all societies and eras.The aim of this article is explanation the causes behind the emergence and spread of this specific form of fundamentalist trend.The research method is based on grounded theory.Samples have been selected through purposive sampling and theoretical saturation was obtained after carrying out depth interviews with 15 participants.Findings show confronting modernism,the crisis of meaning,dominant uncertainty,the need of the contemporary man to collective identity,and the weakness of religious clergy in converting religion to a discourse are the main reasons to tendency to Islamic fundamentalism movement.The fundamentalist movement in Kurdistan,rather than ethnic,highlights Sunni Islam and claims to establishment an Islamic state.These two characteristics distinguish this movement from other Kurdish movements throughout history of Iranian Kurdistan.Moreover,this movement is a reaction to the political,economic and social challenges of the Sunnis of Iran,especially the Kurds.展开更多
Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamen...Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamentalism.In this article,ETIM/TIP’s narratives and representations are examined as a case study.The group’s power discourses as they relate to religious fundamentalism are analyzed through examining the group’s rhetoric of its own origin,its current situation,and its reactions toward this situation.The power discourse of an unconventional“Orientalism”and the use of behaviorist logic are especially emphasized.Furthermore,the presence of behaviorism in religious fundamentalist narratives suggests the need for China to revise its official national counterterrorist discourse.Instead of continuing the current behaviorist rhetoric in the legal framework,this article suggests a deconstruction-ultimately,a discouragement-of religious behaviorism to prevent the radicalization of Muslims in the country.展开更多
Religious fundamentalism is a return to pure religious thought,beliefs,laws,and identity in the era of Islamic authority.Given the ever-growing spread of religious fundamentalism and revivalism in today’s world,espec...Religious fundamentalism is a return to pure religious thought,beliefs,laws,and identity in the era of Islamic authority.Given the ever-growing spread of religious fundamentalism and revivalism in today’s world,especially in Islamic countries,the present article aims at studying the role of Jurisprudence in the tendency of people to Islamic fundamentalist thinking.The methodology of this article includes the documentary method and grounded theory method.Two data categories were studied to evaluate the issue:jurisprudential rulings–which can be a pretext for Islamic fundamentalist movements–and the reasons that motivate some Islamic fundamentalists taken from these jurisprudential rulings or matched with them.Data on understanding the reasons that motivate these individuals are collected through purposive sampling.Theoretical saturation is achieved after interviewing 27 persons.To achieve the goal of the paper,some jurisprudential rulings,Jihad rulings especially,were studied,followed by analysing the interviews.The findings show that there is an association between some jurisprudential rulings and the tendency of interviewees toward fundamentalists thinking.Moreover,it was found that their main reasons for supporting Islamic fundamentalism are modernism,the rebuilding of Islamic identity,and the founding of the Islamic state.Finally,it was found that some of the jurisprudential rulings could provide appropriate context for Islamic fundamentalist movements.展开更多
The challenge in searching for fundamental symmetry violation.Neutrinoless double-beta(0νββ)decay represents one of the most profound tests of fundamental symmetries in nature.This hypothetical nuclear process,in w...The challenge in searching for fundamental symmetry violation.Neutrinoless double-beta(0νββ)decay represents one of the most profound tests of fundamental symmetries in nature.This hypothetical nuclear process,in which two neutrons simultaneously decay into two protons with the emission of two electrons but no neutrinos,would demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved and confirm that neutrinos are their own antiparticles(Majorana particles).The observation of 0νββdecay would provide crucial insights into the absolute neutrino mass scale and could illuminate the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe.展开更多
Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes.Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evi...Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes.Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evidence of biphonation and other nonlinear phenomena.Here,we analyze the acoustic structure of captive wapiti vocalizations to compare the male bugle with 3 categories of distress vocalizations:neonate distress(capture)calls,calf isolation calls,and adult female isolation calls.These 4 high-arousal call categories serve a common general function in recruiting conspecifics but occur in different behavioral contexts(capture,isolation,reproduction).Our goal was to distinguish characteristics that vary in graded steps that may correspond to an animal’s age or size from characteristics that are unique to the bugle.Characteristics of the high and loud fundamental(G0)varied in an age/size-graded manner with a decrease in minimum G0,an increase in the maximum and range of G0,with no evidence of sex differences.The nonlinear phenomena of deterministic chaos,biphonation,and frequency jumps were present in all 4 call categories and became more common from the distress vocalizations of neonates to calves to adult females to the male bugle.Two temporal characteristics sharply distinguished the bugle from the 3 categories of distress vocalizations:these included a prolonged call duration and a maximum G0 that occurred much later in the call for the bugle than for distress vocalizations.Our results suggest that distress vocalizations of different age groups and the reproductive bugle of wapiti share a high G0,with age/size-graded changes in G0 and nonlinear phenomena,but differ sharply in temporal characteristics.展开更多
In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Rese...In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility(CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant disciplines, both domestically and internationally,to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF.Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics—including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures;muon physics;neutrino physics;neutron physics;the testing of fundamental symmetries;and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators.We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping po...FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out an important feature of China-EU relations:“There exists no clash of fundamental interests or geopolitical conflicts between China and the EU,making them partners that can contribute to each other’s success.”展开更多
The incorporation of human rights clauses into the constitution has propelled the innovation of fundamental rights hermeneutics in terms of the subjects of the legal relationships of fundamental rights,the nature of f...The incorporation of human rights clauses into the constitution has propelled the innovation of fundamental rights hermeneutics in terms of the subjects of the legal relationships of fundamental rights,the nature of fundamental rights,the forms of state obligations,the scope of fundamental rights,among other aspects.Regarding the subjects of the legal relationships of fundamental rights,human rights clauses have expanded the subjects of fundamental rights from citizens to natural persons.They have also narrowed down the duty-bearing subjects directed by fundamental rights in clauses that do not define duty-bearing subjects from all entities to state public power.Additionally,in fundamental rights clauses that stipulate private entities as duty-bearing subjects,the duty-bearing subjects have been narrowed down from all private entities to social public power entities.In terms of the nature of fundamental rights,human rights clauses have endowed each specific basic right with dual characteristics of the right to respect and the right to protection.Regarding the forms of state obligations,human rights clauses have established the state obligations corresponding to each specific basic right as obligations to respect and to protect.In terms of the scope of fundamental rights,human rights clauses do not have the function of independently justifying unenumerated fundamental rights,but they can assist other clauses in justifying unenumerated fundamental rights,thereby expanding the scope of fundamental rights to a limited extent.展开更多
With the rapid development of IoT technology,the Fundamentals of IoT Hardware course—one of the core subjects in university IoT programs—urgently requires innovation and improvement in both its content and teaching ...With the rapid development of IoT technology,the Fundamentals of IoT Hardware course—one of the core subjects in university IoT programs—urgently requires innovation and improvement in both its content and teaching methodology.This paper,based on an educational reform project funded by the Hainan Provincial University Education Program,explores how to effectively implement general education on Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)design and manufacturing within the Fundamentals of IoT Hardware course.The study conducts practical teaching experiments through innovative instructional models,visualized presentation of semiconductor device structures and processes,integration of industrial-grade simulation tools,and the application of cutting-edge technologies.The objective is to stimulate students’innovative thinking and enhance their hands-on abilities.Finally,this paper summarizes the outcomes of implementing VLSI general education in the course and offers relevant suggestions for further educational reform.展开更多
Measuring the transverse velocity field in high-resolution solar images is essential for understanding solar dynamics.This paper introduces an innovative unsupervised deep learning optical flow model designed to calcu...Measuring the transverse velocity field in high-resolution solar images is essential for understanding solar dynamics.This paper introduces an innovative unsupervised deep learning optical flow model designed to calculate the transverse velocity field,addressing the challenges of missing optical flow labels and the limited accuracy of velocity field measurements in high-resolution solar images.The proposed method converts the transverse velocity field computation problem into an optical flow computation problem,using two forward propagations of features to get rid of the reliance on optical flow labels.Additionally,it reduces the impact of the“Brightness Consistency”constraint on optical flow accuracy by identifying and handling optical flow outliers.We apply this method to compute the transverse velocity fields of high-resolution solar image sequences from the Hαand TiO bands,observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope.Comparative experiments with several wellestablished optical flow methods,including those based on supervised deep learning models,show that our approach outperforms the comparison methods according to key evaluation metrics such as Residual Map Mean,Residual Map Variance,Cross Correlation,and Structural Similarity Index Measure.Moreover,since optical flow captures the fundamental motion information in image sequences,the proposed method can be applied to a variety of research areas,including solar image registration,sequence alignment,image super-resolution,magnetic field calibration,and solar activity forecasting.The code is available at https://github.com/jackie-willianm/Transverse-Velocity-Field-Measurement-of-Solar-High-Resolution-Images.展开更多
Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital perio...Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods,stellar masses,and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained.The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e=0.545+/−0.029.For stars with longer periods,this distribution obeys the law f=2e,with accuracy to errors.The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:log L_(⊙)=4.33 logM_(⊙)-0.11,where L_(⊙) and M_(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass,respectively.展开更多
文摘The current study attempted to formulate a conceptualization of Muslim fundamentalism as well as its counter-narratives as grounded in religious experience of Pakistani Muslims.Open ended interviews were conducted with 133 Pakistani Muslim men and women of prominent local religious affiliations.Analysis revealed a grounded theory model of Muslim fundamentalism highlighting cognitive,and social psychological processes involved.Participants saw their religion as a complete code of conduct and inferred various meanings from completeness of Islam as finalized,closed to inquiry as well as rejecting of other cultures and religious traditions.The major inter-related themes of the model were totalitarianism,closed mindedness,binary thinking,hyper-exotericism,ambiguity intolerance,authoritarianism,punitive approach,violent tendencies,labelling,diversity intolerance and paranoia or threat perceiving attitude.The interplay of these factors is discussed in the light of earlier research on fundamentalism.The research also revealed strong counter narratives to fundamentalist stance which formulated the major themes of esoteric religiosity,open mindedness,pluralism,and Islam and civil society.The study carries implications for religious education of Muslims and their socialization with believers of other religious traditions.
文摘According to the advocacy group Parents,Families,and Friends of Lesbians and Gays(PFLAG),gays and lesbians are victims of hate crimes seven times as often as straight peers.The question becomes what underlying ideology currently exists in American society to perpetuate this behavior?This paper explores the impact of conservatism and religious ideology to anti-gay prejudice in public schools.The paper presents a model of an intergroup program using prevention of harassment,bullying and rejection to gay members of the student body by attempting a change in attitudes regarding gay students.It also provides recommendations for school administrators and teachers for confronting these challenges in public education.
文摘The foundational and survival principles of all religions are shrouded in rituals, narratives, origin-stories, cultic practices, casuistries, taboos, mythical figures and institutions of authority. However, through out history, religions have been threatened by politico-military and religious aggressions from other peoples, by heterodoxies, alternative origin-stories, practices and beliefs. These threats became unprecedented with the advent of Modernity. Faced with these destabilizing agents, they resorted to citing textual authorities, strengthening their institutions, giving leaders more powers, precisely defining belief commitments, punishing heretics and using violence against heterodoxies. Consequently, in their obsessive quest for preserving the sanctity of their faiths against modern threats, religions or section of a religion adopted both revival and resistant measures. Fundamentalism thus developed within these contexts. This paper intends to reveal that religious militancy and militarism are ramifications of Fundamentalism. It argues that Modernity＇s destabilizing agents to religions and religions＇ passionate desire for self-protective steps, militant or militaristic, yield to the phenomenon of Fundamentalism. Secondary sources were used to assemble the data while analytical and comparative approaches with empirical emphases on Christianity and Islam were used to weave the findings with the finality that militant or militaristic, Fundamentalism is religions＇ obsessive response to Modernity,
文摘Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for emhancing FMS and CF in early childhood remain unknown.Thus,the study aimed to determine the effects of PA interventions in enhancing FMS and CF among young children and to establish the optimal types of PA interventions.Methods:Six electronic databases(PubMed,OVID,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane)were searched for studies from inception to March 17,2024.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included in this study if they reported outcomes related to FMS,CF,or both associated with PA interventions.Effect sizes were calculated and performed as Hedges'g.The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Risk of bias was independently assessed using the Cochrane Riskof-Bias 2.Results:This analysis included 38 studies with 5237 young children,with sample sizes ranging from 32 to 897 participants.The types of PA interventions analyzed included active play/free play/unstructured PA(AP),general structured PA(GSPA),FMS-targeted PA programs(FMSprograms),cognitively-engaging PA programs(CPA),multilevel PA interventions(MPA),and exergaming.PA interventions had a large,pooled effect size for total FMS(g=0.96;95%CI:0.45-1.46;p<0.01;I^(2)=94%).For CF,a small-to-moderate pooled effect size was found(g=0.39;95%CI:0.18-0.60;p<0.01;I^(2)=88%).PA interventions longer than 3 months showed fewer benefits for FMS(p<0.01).The network meta-analysis showed that FMS-programs(standardized mean difference((SMD)=1.55,95%CI:0.98-2.11,SUCRA=98.3%)and GSPA(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.05-1.85,SUCRA=69.8%)significantly improved total FMS compared to AP.For locomotor skills(LMS),exergaming ranked highest(SUCRA=79.3%),followed by FMS-programs(75.9%)and GSPA(61.6%).However,despite its top ranking,exergaming's effect estimate was not statistically significant(SMD=1.38,95%CI:-0.08 to 2.85).For object control skills(OCS),exergaming again ranked highest(SUCRA=91.9%)and showed the largest significant effect(SMD=2.38,95%CI:0.96-3.80),followed by FMS-programs(SUCRA=78.5%)and GSPA(SUCRA=53.7%).FMS-programs,GSPA,MPA,and UC also significantly improved OCS compared to AP.While no significant differences were observed across PA interventions for most CF domains,exergaming had a significant positive effect on working memory(SMD=1.41,95%CI:0.07-2.75).The certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion:These findings emphasize the importance of PA interventions in improving FMS and CF in early childhood.FMS-programs and GSPA appear to be the most effective approaches for enhancing total FMS,while exergaming showed the highest ranking for LMS and OCS,with a significant impact on OCS but uncertainty in LMS improvements.Additionally,exergaming had a positive effect on working memory,suggesting its potential cognitive benefits.
文摘Chinese Physics Letter's (CPL) is a peer-reviewed,international and multidisciplinary journal sponsored by the Chinese Physical Society (CPS) and Institute of Physics,CAS,and hosted online by IOP Publishing Ltd.Launched in 1984 as the flagship journal of CPS,CPL has become one of the most prestigious periodicals published in China,and been among the good choices for worldwide physicists to disseminate their most important breakthroughs.Nowadays it is dedicated to build an internationally recognized platform for researchers to publish original research works in all the branches of fundamental,applied,and interdisciplinary physics.
文摘Let M be a compact n-manifold of positive sectional curvature.We will review classical results on the fundamental group of M,a motivation on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture that the fundamental group of M contains a cyclic subgroup of index bounded above by c(n),a constant depending only on n,and we will survey partial results(up to date)on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture.
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No.24-62-00032.
文摘Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.
文摘Islamic fundamentalism is a reading of Islam,the Qur’an and hadiths,according to which a large part of these bases are nonhistorical,independent and immune to social and political changes and are applicable to all societies and eras.The aim of this article is explanation the causes behind the emergence and spread of this specific form of fundamentalist trend.The research method is based on grounded theory.Samples have been selected through purposive sampling and theoretical saturation was obtained after carrying out depth interviews with 15 participants.Findings show confronting modernism,the crisis of meaning,dominant uncertainty,the need of the contemporary man to collective identity,and the weakness of religious clergy in converting religion to a discourse are the main reasons to tendency to Islamic fundamentalism movement.The fundamentalist movement in Kurdistan,rather than ethnic,highlights Sunni Islam and claims to establishment an Islamic state.These two characteristics distinguish this movement from other Kurdish movements throughout history of Iranian Kurdistan.Moreover,this movement is a reaction to the political,economic and social challenges of the Sunnis of Iran,especially the Kurds.
文摘Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamentalism.In this article,ETIM/TIP’s narratives and representations are examined as a case study.The group’s power discourses as they relate to religious fundamentalism are analyzed through examining the group’s rhetoric of its own origin,its current situation,and its reactions toward this situation.The power discourse of an unconventional“Orientalism”and the use of behaviorist logic are especially emphasized.Furthermore,the presence of behaviorism in religious fundamentalist narratives suggests the need for China to revise its official national counterterrorist discourse.Instead of continuing the current behaviorist rhetoric in the legal framework,this article suggests a deconstruction-ultimately,a discouragement-of religious behaviorism to prevent the radicalization of Muslims in the country.
文摘Religious fundamentalism is a return to pure religious thought,beliefs,laws,and identity in the era of Islamic authority.Given the ever-growing spread of religious fundamentalism and revivalism in today’s world,especially in Islamic countries,the present article aims at studying the role of Jurisprudence in the tendency of people to Islamic fundamentalist thinking.The methodology of this article includes the documentary method and grounded theory method.Two data categories were studied to evaluate the issue:jurisprudential rulings–which can be a pretext for Islamic fundamentalist movements–and the reasons that motivate some Islamic fundamentalists taken from these jurisprudential rulings or matched with them.Data on understanding the reasons that motivate these individuals are collected through purposive sampling.Theoretical saturation is achieved after interviewing 27 persons.To achieve the goal of the paper,some jurisprudential rulings,Jihad rulings especially,were studied,followed by analysing the interviews.The findings show that there is an association between some jurisprudential rulings and the tendency of interviewees toward fundamentalists thinking.Moreover,it was found that their main reasons for supporting Islamic fundamentalism are modernism,the rebuilding of Islamic identity,and the founding of the Islamic state.Finally,it was found that some of the jurisprudential rulings could provide appropriate context for Islamic fundamentalist movements.
文摘The challenge in searching for fundamental symmetry violation.Neutrinoless double-beta(0νββ)decay represents one of the most profound tests of fundamental symmetries in nature.This hypothetical nuclear process,in which two neutrons simultaneously decay into two protons with the emission of two electrons but no neutrinos,would demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved and confirm that neutrinos are their own antiparticles(Majorana particles).The observation of 0νββdecay would provide crucial insights into the absolute neutrino mass scale and could illuminate the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe.
基金The University of Winnipeg and The University of Winnipeg Foundation contributed funding to this research.
文摘Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes.Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evidence of biphonation and other nonlinear phenomena.Here,we analyze the acoustic structure of captive wapiti vocalizations to compare the male bugle with 3 categories of distress vocalizations:neonate distress(capture)calls,calf isolation calls,and adult female isolation calls.These 4 high-arousal call categories serve a common general function in recruiting conspecifics but occur in different behavioral contexts(capture,isolation,reproduction).Our goal was to distinguish characteristics that vary in graded steps that may correspond to an animal’s age or size from characteristics that are unique to the bugle.Characteristics of the high and loud fundamental(G0)varied in an age/size-graded manner with a decrease in minimum G0,an increase in the maximum and range of G0,with no evidence of sex differences.The nonlinear phenomena of deterministic chaos,biphonation,and frequency jumps were present in all 4 call categories and became more common from the distress vocalizations of neonates to calves to adult females to the male bugle.Two temporal characteristics sharply distinguished the bugle from the 3 categories of distress vocalizations:these included a prolonged call duration and a maximum G0 that occurred much later in the call for the bugle than for distress vocalizations.Our results suggest that distress vocalizations of different age groups and the reproductive bugle of wapiti share a high G0,with age/size-graded changes in G0 and nonlinear phenomena,but differ sharply in temporal characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12075326)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2025A1515010669)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou (Grant No.2024A04J6243)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Sun Yat-sen University (No.23xkjc017)the Innovation Training Program for bachelor students in Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility(CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant disciplines, both domestically and internationally,to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF.Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics—including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures;muon physics;neutrino physics;neutron physics;the testing of fundamental symmetries;and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators.We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
文摘FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out an important feature of China-EU relations:“There exists no clash of fundamental interests or geopolitical conflicts between China and the EU,making them partners that can contribute to each other’s success.”
基金the Ministry of Education’s Major Special Project for Philosophical and Social Science Research,“A Study on the Conceptual System of China’s Independent Legal Knowledge System”(Project Number 2023JZDZ014)the Ministry of Education’s Humanities and Social Science Research Planning Fund Project,“A Study on the Improvement of the Villager Self-Governance System in the Context of Land Circulation”(Project Number 19YJA820027).
文摘The incorporation of human rights clauses into the constitution has propelled the innovation of fundamental rights hermeneutics in terms of the subjects of the legal relationships of fundamental rights,the nature of fundamental rights,the forms of state obligations,the scope of fundamental rights,among other aspects.Regarding the subjects of the legal relationships of fundamental rights,human rights clauses have expanded the subjects of fundamental rights from citizens to natural persons.They have also narrowed down the duty-bearing subjects directed by fundamental rights in clauses that do not define duty-bearing subjects from all entities to state public power.Additionally,in fundamental rights clauses that stipulate private entities as duty-bearing subjects,the duty-bearing subjects have been narrowed down from all private entities to social public power entities.In terms of the nature of fundamental rights,human rights clauses have endowed each specific basic right with dual characteristics of the right to respect and the right to protection.Regarding the forms of state obligations,human rights clauses have established the state obligations corresponding to each specific basic right as obligations to respect and to protect.In terms of the scope of fundamental rights,human rights clauses do not have the function of independently justifying unenumerated fundamental rights,but they can assist other clauses in justifying unenumerated fundamental rights,thereby expanding the scope of fundamental rights to a limited extent.
基金supported by the Education Department of Hainan Province(Hnjg2019-50)the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202036).
文摘With the rapid development of IoT technology,the Fundamentals of IoT Hardware course—one of the core subjects in university IoT programs—urgently requires innovation and improvement in both its content and teaching methodology.This paper,based on an educational reform project funded by the Hainan Provincial University Education Program,explores how to effectively implement general education on Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)design and manufacturing within the Fundamentals of IoT Hardware course.The study conducts practical teaching experiments through innovative instructional models,visualized presentation of semiconductor device structures and processes,integration of industrial-grade simulation tools,and the application of cutting-edge technologies.The objective is to stimulate students’innovative thinking and enhance their hands-on abilities.Finally,this paper summarizes the outcomes of implementing VLSI general education in the course and offers relevant suggestions for further educational reform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.12063002 and 12163004).
文摘Measuring the transverse velocity field in high-resolution solar images is essential for understanding solar dynamics.This paper introduces an innovative unsupervised deep learning optical flow model designed to calculate the transverse velocity field,addressing the challenges of missing optical flow labels and the limited accuracy of velocity field measurements in high-resolution solar images.The proposed method converts the transverse velocity field computation problem into an optical flow computation problem,using two forward propagations of features to get rid of the reliance on optical flow labels.Additionally,it reduces the impact of the“Brightness Consistency”constraint on optical flow accuracy by identifying and handling optical flow outliers.We apply this method to compute the transverse velocity fields of high-resolution solar image sequences from the Hαand TiO bands,observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope.Comparative experiments with several wellestablished optical flow methods,including those based on supervised deep learning models,show that our approach outperforms the comparison methods according to key evaluation metrics such as Residual Map Mean,Residual Map Variance,Cross Correlation,and Structural Similarity Index Measure.Moreover,since optical flow captures the fundamental motion information in image sequences,the proposed method can be applied to a variety of research areas,including solar image registration,sequence alignment,image super-resolution,magnetic field calibration,and solar activity forecasting.The code is available at https://github.com/jackie-willianm/Transverse-Velocity-Field-Measurement-of-Solar-High-Resolution-Images.
基金support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Contract No.20-02-00563A.
文摘Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods,stellar masses,and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained.The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e=0.545+/−0.029.For stars with longer periods,this distribution obeys the law f=2e,with accuracy to errors.The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:log L_(⊙)=4.33 logM_(⊙)-0.11,where L_(⊙) and M_(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass,respectively.
