Flowering time(or heading date)is a crucial agronomic trait for the adaptation of rice to specific growing regions and seasons.Although many flowering time-related rice genes have been identified and functionally char...Flowering time(or heading date)is a crucial agronomic trait for the adaptation of rice to specific growing regions and seasons.Although many flowering time-related rice genes have been identified and functionally characterized,continuing in-depth research is revealing how transcription of these genes is regulated.In this study,we determined that a basic leucine zipper transcription factor(OsbZIP40)and its homologous protein(OsbZIP12)participate in the control of flowering time.Overexpression of OsbZIP40 delayed flowering.Double mutants in which both OsbZIP40 and OsbZIP12 were knocked out exhibited an early-flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions.However,there was no difference in the heading date between the wild-type and each single mutant.These results suggest that OsbZIP40 functions as a flowering suppressor.Both OsbZIP40 and OsbZIP12 bound directly to the Ehd1 promoter and repressed its expression.Furthermore,MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1(Os MFT1)interacted with OsbZIP40/OsbZIP12 and enhanced their repressive effects on Ehd1 expression.Based on the data,we present a transcriptional regulatory mechanism in which OsbZIP40 and OsbZIP12 interact with Os MFT1 and modulate Ehd1 expression to delay flowering.Our findings provide relevant insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating flowering time in rice.展开更多
In order to explore the effect of spraying fertilizers after flowering on grain weight and nutritional quality of different winter wheat cultivars, twenty wheat culti- vars in wheat zones along Yellow River and Huai R...In order to explore the effect of spraying fertilizers after flowering on grain weight and nutritional quality of different winter wheat cultivars, twenty wheat culti- vars in wheat zones along Yellow River and Huai River, were used to investigate the change of thousand kernel weight （TKW）, phytic acid content （PAC）, contents of Fe, Zn and Mg and bioavailability by spraying zinc and nitrogen fertilizers after flowering. The results showed that both of TKW and protein content in grains in- creased by spraying Zn and N fertilizers, and the effect of N fertilizer proved more significant. The PAC decreased significantly after Zn treatment, for example, PAC of ＂955159＂, a wheat cultivar, decreased by 27.95%. However, PAC was in- significantly influenced by N fertilizer. On the other hand, Zn content in wheat grains were improved after spraying Zn fertilizer and the increase aveaged 54.38%. Furthermore, Fe and Zn contents grew significantly after spraying N fertilizer, and the increase averaged 36.88% and 11.25% respectively. However, Mg content in grains declined by N fertilizer. Still, the bioavailability of zinc in grains was enhanced after spraying Zn fertilizer, and of Fe was also increased greatly after spraying N fertilizer. In conclusion, grain weight, and content and effectiveness of mineral ele-ments can be improved simultaneously by rational spraying of N and Zn fertilizers to improve quality of grains.展开更多
【目的】克隆四季蜜龙眼叶片开花基因FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)表达并进行生物信息学分析,为探讨生长调节剂调控四季蜜龙眼夏季成花机理打下基础。【方法】以经多效唑(PP_(333))和乙烯利处理的四季蜜龙眼成熟叶片为试验材料,采用同源克隆...【目的】克隆四季蜜龙眼叶片开花基因FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)表达并进行生物信息学分析,为探讨生长调节剂调控四季蜜龙眼夏季成花机理打下基础。【方法】以经多效唑(PP_(333))和乙烯利处理的四季蜜龙眼成熟叶片为试验材料,采用同源克隆技术克隆其FT基因的cDNA全长序列,预测该基因及其编码蛋白的理化性质,并通过实时荧光定量PCR分析四季蜜龙眼成花过程不同时期的FT表达情况。【结果】克隆获得2个四季蜜龙眼FT同源基因cDNA全长序列,分别命名为DlFT1和DlFT2,序列长度分别为755和629 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)均为525 bp,各编码174个氨基酸,二者所编码的蛋白存在24个氨基酸残基差异。四季蜜龙眼叶片中的DlFT1和DlFT2基因在四季蜜龙眼夏季成花过程中可能发挥关键作用,且DlFT2基因的表达量显著上升(P<0.05),DlFT2与成花关系更紧密。【结论】2个四季蜜龙眼FT同源基因DlFT1和DlFT2均属于PEBP基因家族的FT-Like蛋白亚家族,在PP_(333)和乙烯利诱导四季蜜龙眼成花转变过程中发挥关键作用,且DlFT2起着主导作用。展开更多
为了了解核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T(JrFT)基因在核桃雌雄异熟开花机制中的作用,以核桃雌先型品种‘极早丰’与雄先型品种‘新早丰’在3个时期(2月6日、3月21日及4月7日)的雌、雄花芽为试验材料,结合荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、RT-PCR扩增、生...为了了解核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T(JrFT)基因在核桃雌雄异熟开花机制中的作用,以核桃雌先型品种‘极早丰’与雄先型品种‘新早丰’在3个时期(2月6日、3月21日及4月7日)的雌、雄花芽为试验材料,结合荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、RT-PCR扩增、生物信息技术,分析了核桃JrFT基因的结构与表达,预测了JrFT基因的功能。结果表明:核桃JrFT基因在‘极早丰’与‘新早丰’3个时期的雌、雄花芽中均有表达;在不同时期同一花芽JrFT基因的表达量有所差异;在同一时期,JrFT基因在雌花中的表达量明显高于雄花,在‘新早丰’雄花中的表达量高于在‘极早丰’雄花中的表达量。克隆获得了JrFT基因的CDS序列,其长度为525 bp,编码174个氨基酸,含有高度保守的PEBP蛋白结构域。在NCBI数据库进行Blast比对显示:核桃JrFT基因与其他木本植物FT同源基因的相似性较高,可达到80%以上;JrFT蛋白与其他植物FT蛋白的相似性也很高。系统进化分析也同样说明JrFT基因属于PEBP家族基因。因此推测JrFT基因可能在核桃开花进程中具有一定的促进作用。展开更多
Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flower...Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flowering. We previously reported that there are at least six FT genes(GmFTLl-6) in soybean displaying flowering activity. However, the individual functions of genes GmFTLl-6 remain to be identified. In this study, we cloned the GmFTL2 promoter(GmFTLpro) from soybean(Glycine max) cultivar Tianlong 1 and analyzed its motifs bioinformatically and its expression patterns using both a transgenic approach and quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). In GmFTLpro::GUS transgenic lines, GUS signals were enriched in cotyledons, hypocotyledons, pollen, embryos, and root tips in a photoperiod-independent manner. qRT-PCR confirmed the GUS reporter results. Our results suggest that GmFTL2 expression is regulated by developmental and tissue-specific clues and plays roles in seedling establishment and the development of micro game tophytes, embryos, and roots.展开更多
FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)是高等开花植物中成花诱导的关键基因,是植物诱导开花层级基因网络的重要整合子,而丹参FT基因家族的鉴定和分析目前尚未见报道。本研究在丹参基因组中鉴定出FT基因家族并进行生物信息学分析及其在已开花与未开花...FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)是高等开花植物中成花诱导的关键基因,是植物诱导开花层级基因网络的重要整合子,而丹参FT基因家族的鉴定和分析目前尚未见报道。本研究在丹参基因组中鉴定出FT基因家族并进行生物信息学分析及其在已开花与未开花丹参不同组织中的表达模式分析。结果表明,丹参FT基因家族共包含10个成员,编码165~193个氨基酸,理论等电点为5.45~9.60,相对分子质量为17.85~22.04 kDa,所有成员均为亲水蛋白。丹参FT家族成员基因结构相似,其蛋白序列相对保守。顺式作用元件的预测结果表明,丹参FT基因家族可能参与成花诱导等生长发育过程。进化树结果表明,丹参FT基因家族在YBHB、MFT、FT和TFL亚家族中皆有分布。表达模式分析结果表明,FT基因家族的表达存在明显的组织特异性,总体可分为4类:(1)SmFT、SmFTL2和SmFTL5特异性高表达于已开花丹参的叶片;(2)SmFTL1、SmFTL3和SmFTL8特异性高表达于未开花丹参的叶片;(3)SmFTL4和SmFTL9特异性高表达于已开花丹参的根;(4)SmFTL6和SmFTL7特异性高表达于未开花丹参的根。推测这4组基因协同调控丹参地上部分开花与地下根发育的平衡。研究结果可为通过调节地上地下生物量的分配比选育丹参高产新种质提供育种靶点。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of two signals, H2O2 and NO, on flowering and FT gene expression in off-season longan. [ Method] Nine-year-old off-season longan ＇ Shixia＇ was used as the expe...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of two signals, H2O2 and NO, on flowering and FT gene expression in off-season longan. [ Method] Nine-year-old off-season longan ＇ Shixia＇ was used as the experimental material and sprayed with signal promoting agent and blocking agent to analyze the dynamic changes of flowering and FT gene expression level. [ Result] The expression level of FT gene in off-season longan increased during the flowering process, and the expression level of FT gene in leaves reached the peak earlier than that in terminal buds. SNP and MV treatments improved FT gene expression in varying degrees. DMTU and L-NNA treatments effectively inhibited FT gene expression in terminal buds, but the inhibitory effects on FT gene expression in leaves were not significant at late stage of flower bud differentiation. [Condusion] According to the flowering performance of longan, H2O2 and NO play an important role in promoting and accelerating longan flowering.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0103400)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230013)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100259)the Program of Jiangsu Province Government(JBGS[2021]001-1-2)the Program of Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBLKY2023-01)the PAPD Program from Jiangsu Government。
文摘Flowering time(or heading date)is a crucial agronomic trait for the adaptation of rice to specific growing regions and seasons.Although many flowering time-related rice genes have been identified and functionally characterized,continuing in-depth research is revealing how transcription of these genes is regulated.In this study,we determined that a basic leucine zipper transcription factor(OsbZIP40)and its homologous protein(OsbZIP12)participate in the control of flowering time.Overexpression of OsbZIP40 delayed flowering.Double mutants in which both OsbZIP40 and OsbZIP12 were knocked out exhibited an early-flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions.However,there was no difference in the heading date between the wild-type and each single mutant.These results suggest that OsbZIP40 functions as a flowering suppressor.Both OsbZIP40 and OsbZIP12 bound directly to the Ehd1 promoter and repressed its expression.Furthermore,MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1(Os MFT1)interacted with OsbZIP40/OsbZIP12 and enhanced their repressive effects on Ehd1 expression.Based on the data,we present a transcriptional regulatory mechanism in which OsbZIP40 and OsbZIP12 interact with Os MFT1 and modulate Ehd1 expression to delay flowering.Our findings provide relevant insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating flowering time in rice.
基金Supported by Special Fund for S&R in the Public Interest(200903007)Special Fund in the Public Interest(201203013)Henan Key Project(102101110200)~~
文摘In order to explore the effect of spraying fertilizers after flowering on grain weight and nutritional quality of different winter wheat cultivars, twenty wheat culti- vars in wheat zones along Yellow River and Huai River, were used to investigate the change of thousand kernel weight （TKW）, phytic acid content （PAC）, contents of Fe, Zn and Mg and bioavailability by spraying zinc and nitrogen fertilizers after flowering. The results showed that both of TKW and protein content in grains in- creased by spraying Zn and N fertilizers, and the effect of N fertilizer proved more significant. The PAC decreased significantly after Zn treatment, for example, PAC of ＂955159＂, a wheat cultivar, decreased by 27.95%. However, PAC was in- significantly influenced by N fertilizer. On the other hand, Zn content in wheat grains were improved after spraying Zn fertilizer and the increase aveaged 54.38%. Furthermore, Fe and Zn contents grew significantly after spraying N fertilizer, and the increase averaged 36.88% and 11.25% respectively. However, Mg content in grains declined by N fertilizer. Still, the bioavailability of zinc in grains was enhanced after spraying Zn fertilizer, and of Fe was also increased greatly after spraying N fertilizer. In conclusion, grain weight, and content and effectiveness of mineral ele-ments can be improved simultaneously by rational spraying of N and Zn fertilizers to improve quality of grains.
文摘【目的】克隆四季蜜龙眼叶片开花基因FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)表达并进行生物信息学分析,为探讨生长调节剂调控四季蜜龙眼夏季成花机理打下基础。【方法】以经多效唑(PP_(333))和乙烯利处理的四季蜜龙眼成熟叶片为试验材料,采用同源克隆技术克隆其FT基因的cDNA全长序列,预测该基因及其编码蛋白的理化性质,并通过实时荧光定量PCR分析四季蜜龙眼成花过程不同时期的FT表达情况。【结果】克隆获得2个四季蜜龙眼FT同源基因cDNA全长序列,分别命名为DlFT1和DlFT2,序列长度分别为755和629 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)均为525 bp,各编码174个氨基酸,二者所编码的蛋白存在24个氨基酸残基差异。四季蜜龙眼叶片中的DlFT1和DlFT2基因在四季蜜龙眼夏季成花过程中可能发挥关键作用,且DlFT2基因的表达量显著上升(P<0.05),DlFT2与成花关系更紧密。【结论】2个四季蜜龙眼FT同源基因DlFT1和DlFT2均属于PEBP基因家族的FT-Like蛋白亚家族,在PP_(333)和乙烯利诱导四季蜜龙眼成花转变过程中发挥关键作用,且DlFT2起着主导作用。
文摘为了了解核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T(JrFT)基因在核桃雌雄异熟开花机制中的作用,以核桃雌先型品种‘极早丰’与雄先型品种‘新早丰’在3个时期(2月6日、3月21日及4月7日)的雌、雄花芽为试验材料,结合荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、RT-PCR扩增、生物信息技术,分析了核桃JrFT基因的结构与表达,预测了JrFT基因的功能。结果表明:核桃JrFT基因在‘极早丰’与‘新早丰’3个时期的雌、雄花芽中均有表达;在不同时期同一花芽JrFT基因的表达量有所差异;在同一时期,JrFT基因在雌花中的表达量明显高于雄花,在‘新早丰’雄花中的表达量高于在‘极早丰’雄花中的表达量。克隆获得了JrFT基因的CDS序列,其长度为525 bp,编码174个氨基酸,含有高度保守的PEBP蛋白结构域。在NCBI数据库进行Blast比对显示:核桃JrFT基因与其他木本植物FT同源基因的相似性较高,可达到80%以上;JrFT蛋白与其他植物FT蛋白的相似性也很高。系统进化分析也同样说明JrFT基因属于PEBP家族基因。因此推测JrFT基因可能在核桃开花进程中具有一定的促进作用。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371703 and 31570289)
文摘Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flowering. We previously reported that there are at least six FT genes(GmFTLl-6) in soybean displaying flowering activity. However, the individual functions of genes GmFTLl-6 remain to be identified. In this study, we cloned the GmFTL2 promoter(GmFTLpro) from soybean(Glycine max) cultivar Tianlong 1 and analyzed its motifs bioinformatically and its expression patterns using both a transgenic approach and quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). In GmFTLpro::GUS transgenic lines, GUS signals were enriched in cotyledons, hypocotyledons, pollen, embryos, and root tips in a photoperiod-independent manner. qRT-PCR confirmed the GUS reporter results. Our results suggest that GmFTL2 expression is regulated by developmental and tissue-specific clues and plays roles in seedling establishment and the development of micro game tophytes, embryos, and roots.
文摘FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)是高等开花植物中成花诱导的关键基因,是植物诱导开花层级基因网络的重要整合子,而丹参FT基因家族的鉴定和分析目前尚未见报道。本研究在丹参基因组中鉴定出FT基因家族并进行生物信息学分析及其在已开花与未开花丹参不同组织中的表达模式分析。结果表明,丹参FT基因家族共包含10个成员,编码165~193个氨基酸,理论等电点为5.45~9.60,相对分子质量为17.85~22.04 kDa,所有成员均为亲水蛋白。丹参FT家族成员基因结构相似,其蛋白序列相对保守。顺式作用元件的预测结果表明,丹参FT基因家族可能参与成花诱导等生长发育过程。进化树结果表明,丹参FT基因家族在YBHB、MFT、FT和TFL亚家族中皆有分布。表达模式分析结果表明,FT基因家族的表达存在明显的组织特异性,总体可分为4类:(1)SmFT、SmFTL2和SmFTL5特异性高表达于已开花丹参的叶片;(2)SmFTL1、SmFTL3和SmFTL8特异性高表达于未开花丹参的叶片;(3)SmFTL4和SmFTL9特异性高表达于已开花丹参的根;(4)SmFTL6和SmFTL7特异性高表达于未开花丹参的根。推测这4组基因协同调控丹参地上部分开花与地下根发育的平衡。研究结果可为通过调节地上地下生物量的分配比选育丹参高产新种质提供育种靶点。
基金Supported by National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CATAS-TCGRI(1630032014017)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003021)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-33-25)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of two signals, H2O2 and NO, on flowering and FT gene expression in off-season longan. [ Method] Nine-year-old off-season longan ＇ Shixia＇ was used as the experimental material and sprayed with signal promoting agent and blocking agent to analyze the dynamic changes of flowering and FT gene expression level. [ Result] The expression level of FT gene in off-season longan increased during the flowering process, and the expression level of FT gene in leaves reached the peak earlier than that in terminal buds. SNP and MV treatments improved FT gene expression in varying degrees. DMTU and L-NNA treatments effectively inhibited FT gene expression in terminal buds, but the inhibitory effects on FT gene expression in leaves were not significant at late stage of flower bud differentiation. [Condusion] According to the flowering performance of longan, H2O2 and NO play an important role in promoting and accelerating longan flowering.
