Fruit spine density is an important commercial trait for cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).Most North China-type cucumbers that are grown over large areas have a dense-spine phenotype,which directly affects the appearance ...Fruit spine density is an important commercial trait for cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).Most North China-type cucumbers that are grown over large areas have a dense-spine phenotype,which directly affects the appearance quality,storage,and transportation of the fruits.Here,we isolated a novel few spines mutant(fs2)from the wild-type(WT)inbred line WD1,a North China-type cucumber with high density fruit spines,by an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutagenesis treatment.Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of fs2 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene.We fine-mapped the fs2 locus using F_(2) and BC_(1) populations(1,802 and 420 individuals,respectively),which showed that the candidate gene of FS2(Csa4G652850)encodes an ARID-HMG transcription factor containing an AT-rich interaction domain(ARID)and a high mobility group box domain(HMG).One SNP(C to T)and one InDel(a 40-bp deletion)in the coding region of FS2 result in amino acid variation and premature translation termination in the fs2 mutant,respectively.FS2 was found to be highly expressed in the apical buds and young ovaries.In addition,experiments suggest that FS2 participates in the regulation of fruit spine initiation by activating the expression of the Tril gene in cucumber.This work provides not only an important reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit spine development but also an important resource for fruit appearance quality breeding in cucumber.展开更多
In view of the environment competencies,selecting the optimal green supplier is one of the crucial issues for enterprises,and multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies can more easily solve this green supplier...In view of the environment competencies,selecting the optimal green supplier is one of the crucial issues for enterprises,and multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies can more easily solve this green supplier selection(GSS)problem.In addition,prioritized aggregation(PA)operator can focus on the prioritization relationship over the criteria,Choquet integral(CI)operator can fully take account of the importance of criteria and the interactions among them,and Bonferroni mean(BM)operator can capture the interrelationships of criteria.However,most existing researches cannot simultaneously consider the interactions,interrelationships and prioritizations over the criteria,which are involved in the GSS process.Moreover,the interval type-2 fuzzy set(IT2FS)is a more effective tool to represent the fuzziness.Therefore,based on the advantages of PA,CI,BM and IT2FS,in this paper,the interval type-2 fuzzy prioritized Choquet normalized weighted BM operators with fuzzy measure and generalized prioritized measure are proposed,and some properties are discussed.Then,a novel MCDM approach for GSS based upon the presented operators is developed,and detailed decision steps are given.Finally,the applicability and practicability of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by its application in the shared-bike GSS and by comparisons with other methods.The advantages of the proposed method are that it can consider interactions,interrelationships and prioritizations over the criteria simultaneously.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972425)the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(2020-02-08-00-08-F0148)。
文摘Fruit spine density is an important commercial trait for cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).Most North China-type cucumbers that are grown over large areas have a dense-spine phenotype,which directly affects the appearance quality,storage,and transportation of the fruits.Here,we isolated a novel few spines mutant(fs2)from the wild-type(WT)inbred line WD1,a North China-type cucumber with high density fruit spines,by an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutagenesis treatment.Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of fs2 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene.We fine-mapped the fs2 locus using F_(2) and BC_(1) populations(1,802 and 420 individuals,respectively),which showed that the candidate gene of FS2(Csa4G652850)encodes an ARID-HMG transcription factor containing an AT-rich interaction domain(ARID)and a high mobility group box domain(HMG).One SNP(C to T)and one InDel(a 40-bp deletion)in the coding region of FS2 result in amino acid variation and premature translation termination in the fs2 mutant,respectively.FS2 was found to be highly expressed in the apical buds and young ovaries.In addition,experiments suggest that FS2 participates in the regulation of fruit spine initiation by activating the expression of the Tril gene in cucumber.This work provides not only an important reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit spine development but also an important resource for fruit appearance quality breeding in cucumber.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71771140)Project of Cultural Masters and“the Four Kinds of a Batch”Talents,the Special Funds of Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province(ts201511045)the Major Bidding Projects of National Social Science Fund of China(19ZDA080)。
文摘In view of the environment competencies,selecting the optimal green supplier is one of the crucial issues for enterprises,and multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies can more easily solve this green supplier selection(GSS)problem.In addition,prioritized aggregation(PA)operator can focus on the prioritization relationship over the criteria,Choquet integral(CI)operator can fully take account of the importance of criteria and the interactions among them,and Bonferroni mean(BM)operator can capture the interrelationships of criteria.However,most existing researches cannot simultaneously consider the interactions,interrelationships and prioritizations over the criteria,which are involved in the GSS process.Moreover,the interval type-2 fuzzy set(IT2FS)is a more effective tool to represent the fuzziness.Therefore,based on the advantages of PA,CI,BM and IT2FS,in this paper,the interval type-2 fuzzy prioritized Choquet normalized weighted BM operators with fuzzy measure and generalized prioritized measure are proposed,and some properties are discussed.Then,a novel MCDM approach for GSS based upon the presented operators is developed,and detailed decision steps are given.Finally,the applicability and practicability of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by its application in the shared-bike GSS and by comparisons with other methods.The advantages of the proposed method are that it can consider interactions,interrelationships and prioritizations over the criteria simultaneously.
