Tomato reproductive success and yield are particularly vulnerable to the negative effect of heat stress leading to stigma exsertion(protrusion)and lower pollen viability,both interfering with fertilization.Thus,unders...Tomato reproductive success and yield are particularly vulnerable to the negative effect of heat stress leading to stigma exsertion(protrusion)and lower pollen viability,both interfering with fertilization.Thus,understanding the regulation of these two traits in tomato is crucial for the yield and quality of the crop.Here,we found that knocking out the tomato MADS-domain transcription factor FRUITFULL2(FUL2)function leads to a higher incidence of parthenocarpy in tomato.This phenotype was primarily due to impeded selfpollination as a consequence of the higher frequency of stigma exsertion and lower fertilization rates due to reduced pollen quality.Stigma exsertion in ful2 mutants,in contrast to heat stress-induced exsertion,was caused by style elongation,particularly in the younger flowers of a truss.Interestingly,Quantitative Trait Loci for style elongation,stigma exsertion,and pollen viability map close to the position of FUL2 on chromosome 3,making it a candidate gene underlying these QTLs.At the molecular level,ful2 mutant styles have higher expression of Style2.1 and SE3.1,which are known as positive regulators of style length.In addition,after reducing the impact of style exsertion and low pollen quality by manual pollination with wild-type pollen,ful2 mutants exhibited reduced fruit size independent of seed number.This study reveals the contributions of flower number,style length,and pollen quality,as affected by FUL2,to tomato fertility and fruit size.展开更多
World Laboratory (WL) is an international organ financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its operation is exclusively for the Third World countries, where basic research projects are carried out and res...World Laboratory (WL) is an international organ financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its operation is exclusively for the Third World countries, where basic research projects are carried out and research results are applied to the benefit of the local areas and the world as a whole. The Project of"Applied Research on Drought &展开更多
In 1994, foreign trade and economic cooperation in Bejing made major progress following overall growth for the previous three years. By 1994, the number of foreign-funded enterprises approved by the city exceeded 10, ...In 1994, foreign trade and economic cooperation in Bejing made major progress following overall growth for the previous three years. By 1994, the number of foreign-funded enterprises approved by the city exceeded 10, 000, the foreign capital actually used amounted to US $ 1.9 billion, and exports totalled US $ 2.1 billion, representing three major breakthroughs. In 1994, 2, 675 foreign-funded enterprises were approved, involving展开更多
Of major events in China over the past three decades, most Chinese would list the resumption of National Examination for the Entrance of University as number one. In December 1977, 5.7 million Chinese participated in...Of major events in China over the past three decades, most Chinese would list the resumption of National Examination for the Entrance of University as number one. In December 1977, 5.7 million Chinese participated in the national exams, the first since the catastrophic Cultural Revolution （1966-76）. One year later, the country＇s reform, opening up and modernization drive was launched.展开更多
Ⅰ. From the Civilian Contact to the Dual Channel of Official and Non-governmental Exchanges
From 1949 to 1972, S&T exchanges between China and Japan were dominated by civilian contacts,as non-governmental channel...Ⅰ. From the Civilian Contact to the Dual Channel of Official and Non-governmental Exchanges
From 1949 to 1972, S&T exchanges between China and Japan were dominated by civilian contacts,as non-governmental channels were used to intermediate between the two governments. In 1955, a delegation of Chinese scientists visited Japan under the leadership of Guo Moruo, the first president of CAS,and met with Japanese scientists and friends from all walks of life.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
In this study,an automated multimodal system for detecting,classifying,and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline.In the first stage,the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in...In this study,an automated multimodal system for detecting,classifying,and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline.In the first stage,the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in real time by drawing bounding boxes around them.These bounding boxes are subsequently passed to a YOLOv11 classification model,which analyzes cropped images and assigns class labels.An additional counting module automatically tallies the detected fruits,offering a near-instantaneous estimation of quantity.The experimental results suggest high precision and recall for detection,high classification accuracy(across 15 classes),and near-perfect counting in real time.This paper presents a multi-stage pipeline for date fruit detection,classification,and automated counting,employing YOLOv11-based models to achieve high accuracy while maintaining real-time throughput.The results demonstrated that the detection precision exceeded 90%,the classification accuracy approached 92%,and the counting module correlated closely with the manual tallies.These findings confirm the potential of reducing manual labour and enhancing operational efficiency in post-harvesting processes.Future studies will include dataset expansion,user-centric interfaces,and integration with harvesting robotics.展开更多
Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cel...Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.展开更多
Zuoquan County has revitalized local villages with the fruits of their collected labor.GLOWING red apples hang heavily on branches in the orchards on the southern outskirts of Tongyu Town,Zuoquan County,Shanxi Provinc...Zuoquan County has revitalized local villages with the fruits of their collected labor.GLOWING red apples hang heavily on branches in the orchards on the southern outskirts of Tongyu Town,Zuoquan County,Shanxi Province,an area where a decade ago weeds and rocks covered a rather barren landscape.展开更多
Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approa...Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.展开更多
The cultivation of Soledad pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is essential in Oaxaca and Veracruz,but it faces issues with pests and diseases,which affect yield and cause economic losses.To mitigate these impacts,farmers have ...The cultivation of Soledad pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is essential in Oaxaca and Veracruz,but it faces issues with pests and diseases,which affect yield and cause economic losses.To mitigate these impacts,farmers have started using biostimulants such as chitosan and plant growth promoting bacteria instead of agrochemicals due to their environmental and health benefits.This study evaluated the effect of Bacillus subtilis and chitosan,both individually and combined,on the growth,yield,and fruit quality of Soledad pepper under greenhouse conditions.Four treatments were applied at different stages of the crop cycle:Q(Chitosan),BS(Bacillus subtilis),Q+BS(Chitosan+Bacillus subtilis),and T(Control).The results showed that the combination of chitosan and Bacillus subtilis significantly improved plant growth,especially in height and stem diameter.The chitosan treatment produced the highest number of fruits and plant weight,while the combination of chitosan and Bacillus subtilis enhanced fruit quality,increasing characteristics such as size,weight,pericarp thickness,and physicochemical parameters,notably in brix degrees,citric acid percentage,and pH,outperforming the individual treatments and the control.展开更多
基金supported by a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council(CSC),award nr.202106300012 to X.W.from EU-RISE Evofruland:grant agreement no.101007738 to X.W.
文摘Tomato reproductive success and yield are particularly vulnerable to the negative effect of heat stress leading to stigma exsertion(protrusion)and lower pollen viability,both interfering with fertilization.Thus,understanding the regulation of these two traits in tomato is crucial for the yield and quality of the crop.Here,we found that knocking out the tomato MADS-domain transcription factor FRUITFULL2(FUL2)function leads to a higher incidence of parthenocarpy in tomato.This phenotype was primarily due to impeded selfpollination as a consequence of the higher frequency of stigma exsertion and lower fertilization rates due to reduced pollen quality.Stigma exsertion in ful2 mutants,in contrast to heat stress-induced exsertion,was caused by style elongation,particularly in the younger flowers of a truss.Interestingly,Quantitative Trait Loci for style elongation,stigma exsertion,and pollen viability map close to the position of FUL2 on chromosome 3,making it a candidate gene underlying these QTLs.At the molecular level,ful2 mutant styles have higher expression of Style2.1 and SE3.1,which are known as positive regulators of style length.In addition,after reducing the impact of style exsertion and low pollen quality by manual pollination with wild-type pollen,ful2 mutants exhibited reduced fruit size independent of seed number.This study reveals the contributions of flower number,style length,and pollen quality,as affected by FUL2,to tomato fertility and fruit size.
文摘World Laboratory (WL) is an international organ financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its operation is exclusively for the Third World countries, where basic research projects are carried out and research results are applied to the benefit of the local areas and the world as a whole. The Project of"Applied Research on Drought &
文摘In 1994, foreign trade and economic cooperation in Bejing made major progress following overall growth for the previous three years. By 1994, the number of foreign-funded enterprises approved by the city exceeded 10, 000, the foreign capital actually used amounted to US $ 1.9 billion, and exports totalled US $ 2.1 billion, representing three major breakthroughs. In 1994, 2, 675 foreign-funded enterprises were approved, involving
文摘Of major events in China over the past three decades, most Chinese would list the resumption of National Examination for the Entrance of University as number one. In December 1977, 5.7 million Chinese participated in the national exams, the first since the catastrophic Cultural Revolution （1966-76）. One year later, the country＇s reform, opening up and modernization drive was launched.
文摘Ⅰ. From the Civilian Contact to the Dual Channel of Official and Non-governmental Exchanges
From 1949 to 1972, S&T exchanges between China and Japan were dominated by civilian contacts,as non-governmental channels were used to intermediate between the two governments. In 1955, a delegation of Chinese scientists visited Japan under the leadership of Guo Moruo, the first president of CAS,and met with Japanese scientists and friends from all walks of life.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,Grant No.KFU250098.
文摘In this study,an automated multimodal system for detecting,classifying,and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline.In the first stage,the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in real time by drawing bounding boxes around them.These bounding boxes are subsequently passed to a YOLOv11 classification model,which analyzes cropped images and assigns class labels.An additional counting module automatically tallies the detected fruits,offering a near-instantaneous estimation of quantity.The experimental results suggest high precision and recall for detection,high classification accuracy(across 15 classes),and near-perfect counting in real time.This paper presents a multi-stage pipeline for date fruit detection,classification,and automated counting,employing YOLOv11-based models to achieve high accuracy while maintaining real-time throughput.The results demonstrated that the detection precision exceeded 90%,the classification accuracy approached 92%,and the counting module correlated closely with the manual tallies.These findings confirm the potential of reducing manual labour and enhancing operational efficiency in post-harvesting processes.Future studies will include dataset expansion,user-centric interfaces,and integration with harvesting robotics.
基金supported by the Lendület/Momentum Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciencesthe National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, Hungary (Grant Nos. LP2024/21 and K146791)+2 种基金Bayers fellowship program MEDHA and Department of Botany, University of Calicutthe financial assistance provided in the form of Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (UGC), Indiathe financial assistance provided by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR), India
文摘Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.
文摘Zuoquan County has revitalized local villages with the fruits of their collected labor.GLOWING red apples hang heavily on branches in the orchards on the southern outskirts of Tongyu Town,Zuoquan County,Shanxi Province,an area where a decade ago weeds and rocks covered a rather barren landscape.
基金funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant Nos.2025ZNSFSC1100,2024NSFSC0324)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2017YFC0505104)+2 种基金the Sichuan Agricultural University Dual Support Plan Special Project(Grant No.2024ZYTS020)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20250863)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M773740).
文摘Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.
文摘The cultivation of Soledad pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is essential in Oaxaca and Veracruz,but it faces issues with pests and diseases,which affect yield and cause economic losses.To mitigate these impacts,farmers have started using biostimulants such as chitosan and plant growth promoting bacteria instead of agrochemicals due to their environmental and health benefits.This study evaluated the effect of Bacillus subtilis and chitosan,both individually and combined,on the growth,yield,and fruit quality of Soledad pepper under greenhouse conditions.Four treatments were applied at different stages of the crop cycle:Q(Chitosan),BS(Bacillus subtilis),Q+BS(Chitosan+Bacillus subtilis),and T(Control).The results showed that the combination of chitosan and Bacillus subtilis significantly improved plant growth,especially in height and stem diameter.The chitosan treatment produced the highest number of fruits and plant weight,while the combination of chitosan and Bacillus subtilis enhanced fruit quality,increasing characteristics such as size,weight,pericarp thickness,and physicochemical parameters,notably in brix degrees,citric acid percentage,and pH,outperforming the individual treatments and the control.
