Fully utilizing renewable biomass energy is important for saving energy,reducing carbon emissions,and mitigating climate change.As the main hydrolysate of cellulose,a primary component of lignocellulose,glucose could ...Fully utilizing renewable biomass energy is important for saving energy,reducing carbon emissions,and mitigating climate change.As the main hydrolysate of cellulose,a primary component of lignocellulose,glucose could be employed as a starting material to prepare some other functional derivatives for improving the value of biomass resources.The isomerization of glucose to produce fructose is an important intermediate process during numerous high-value-added chemical preparations.Therefore,the development of efficient and selective catalysts for glucose isomerization is of great significance.Currently,glucose isomerase catalysts are limited by the harsh conditions required for microbial activity,which restricts further improvements in fructose yield.Additionally,heterogeneous Bronsted-base and Lewis-acid catalysts commonly employed in chemical isomerization methods often lead to the formation of undesirable by-products,resulting in reduced selectivity toward fructose.This study has demonstrated that lithium-loaded heterogeneous catalysts possess excellent isomerization capabilities under mild conditions.A highly efficient Li-C_(3)N_(4) catalyst was developed,achieving a fructose selectivity of 99.9% and a yield of 42.6% at 60℃ within 1.0 h-comparable to the performance of the enzymatic method.Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),proton nuclear magnetic resonance(^(1)H NMR),and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)analyses confirmed that lithium was stably incorporated into the g-C_(3)N_(4) framework through the formation of Li-N bonds.Further investigations using CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD),in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and 7Li magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance(^(7)Li MAS NMR)indicated that the isomerization proceeded via a base-catalyzed mechanism.The Li species were found to interact with hydroxyl groups generated through hydrolysis and simultaneously coordinated with nitrogen atoms in the C_(3)N_(4) matrix,resulting in the formation of Li-N_(6)-H_(2)O active sites.These active sites facilitated the deprotonation of glucose to form an enolate intermediate,followed by a proton transfer step that generated fructose.This mechanism not only improved the efficiency of fructose production but also provided valuable insight into the catalytic role of lithium within the isomerization process.展开更多
Fructose consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades due to the use of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup in beverages and processed foods,contributing to rising rates of hyperuricemia.The purpose of this e...Fructose consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades due to the use of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup in beverages and processed foods,contributing to rising rates of hyperuricemia.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the anti-hyperuricemia effects of an active oligopeptide(GPSGRP)derived from sea cucumber in fructose induced hyperuricemia mouse model,and to clarify the underlying mechanism in sight of gut microbiota and serum metabolites.Peptide GPSGRP treatment rebalanced uric acid metabolism and alleviated inflammatory response in mice.In addition,treatment with GPSGRP decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria at the phylum level,Muribaculum,Prevotella and Bacteroides at the genus level,and inhibited the related pathways of purine metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism.Moreover,serum metabolites,including linoleic acid,indole and its derivatives,arachidonic acid and uridine,as well as related metabolic pathways,such as tricarboxylic acid cycle,ketone production and sugar production,were altered in response to GPSGRP treatment.This study provides a valuable reference for the application and development of marine biological peptides in uric acid management.展开更多
Background:Fructose may induce non-alcoholic fatty acids(NAFLD)due to the gut-liver axis interactions.The mechanism of fructose impairing colon barrier is unrevealed.Methods:Normal and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-indu...Background:Fructose may induce non-alcoholic fatty acids(NAFLD)due to the gut-liver axis interactions.The mechanism of fructose impairing colon barrier is unrevealed.Methods:Normal and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced Sprague-Dawley rats fed by 35%fructose diets were used to evaluate colon barrier functions.Microbiome and metabolome were applied to screen potential biomarker bacteria and metabolites induced by fructose.HT-29 cells were applied to validate metabolite biomarker indoleacrylic acid(IAA)and indole-3-carboxaldehyde(I3A)function in colon barrier which impaired by fructose.Results:Fructose induced colon barrier dysfunction,aggravated colon impairment in DSS-induced rats.With fructose intake,the colon length shortened,goblet numbers declined,inflammation infiltration induced,inflammatory cytokines increased,and apoptosis signals upregulated in colon tissue.Moreover,fructose induced dysbiosis of microbiota and their metabolites.Adlercreutzia and Holdemania were screened out as potential bacteria biomarkers,IAA and I3A as tryptophan metabolites were selected as metabolite biomarkers inhibited by fructose.IAA and I3A treatment alleviated the impairment induced by fructose by increasing trans epithelial electric resistance value,tight junction proteins,and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ah R)activity in HT-29 cell.Conclusion:Fructose stimulated inflammation,apoptosis,gut bacteria alteration,and induced the reduction of IAA and I3A.Since fructose inhibited production of IAA and I3A,Ah R remained inactivated and consequently induced colon barrier dysfunction.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of sodium magnesiusm fructose diphosphate(FDPM) on brain damage of rats after ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced by inserting a ...Objective: To study the effects of sodium magnesiusm fructose diphosphate(FDPM) on brain damage of rats after ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced by inserting a nylon thread into internal carotid artery to block the origin of middle cerebral artery and removing the thread later. FDPM (400 mg·kg -1), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP, 400 mg·kg -1)and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4, 30 mg·kg -1) were administrated 10 min after the onset of ischemia. Neurological scale, brain infarct area, Malondialdehyde(MDA) content and histopathological changes of brain tissue were studied. Results: FDPM decreased neurological scale, diminished brain infarct area, reduced MDA content and relieved histopathological change of rat brain tissue subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. These effects were more powerful than that of FDP or MgSO 4. Conclusions: It is suggested that FDPM markedly prevented rats against brain damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and its effect was better than that of FDP or MgSO 4.展开更多
Epidemiological data show that the consumption of added sugars as ingredients in processed or prepared foods and caloric beverages has dramatically increased. Fructose and fructose-based sweeteners are the most common...Epidemiological data show that the consumption of added sugars as ingredients in processed or prepared foods and caloric beverages has dramatically increased. Fructose and fructose-based sweeteners are the most commonly added sugars and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55: 55% fructose, 42% glucose and 3% higher saccharides) accounts for over 40% of all added caloric sweeteners. Concerns regarding the health risk of added sugar follow the demonstration that the consumption of foods and beverages high in sugars is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and, more recently, ischemic heart and kidney diseases. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effects of sugar are not completely understood and their elucidation is critical to provide new insights on the health risk of fructose-based sweeteners. A better understanding of the key role of fructose overconsumption in the development of metabolic disorders may contribute to planning new strategies for preventing deleterious dietary behaviors from becoming established and, thus, curbing the rise in the number of insulin-resistant, obese and diabetic populations worldwide.展开更多
Hereditary fructose intolerance(HFI) is an underrecognized,preventable life-threatening condition.It is an autosomal recessive disorder with subnormal activity of aldolase B in the liver,kidney and small bowel.Symptom...Hereditary fructose intolerance(HFI) is an underrecognized,preventable life-threatening condition.It is an autosomal recessive disorder with subnormal activity of aldolase B in the liver,kidney and small bowel.Symptoms are present only after the ingestion of fructose,which leads to brisk hypoglycemia,and an individual with continued ingestion will exhibit vomiting,abdominal pain,failure to thrive,and renal and liver failure.A diagnosis of HFI was made in a 50-year-old woman on the basis of medical history,response to fructose intolerance test,demonstration of aldolase B activity reduction in duodenal biopsy,and molecular analysis of leukocyte DNA by PCR showed homozygosity for two doses of mutant gene.HFI may remain undiagnosed until adult life and may lead to disastrous complications following inadvertent fructose or sorbitol infusion.Several lethal episodes of HFI following sorbitol and fructose infusion have been reported.The diagnosis can only be suspected by taking a careful dietary history,and this can present serious complications.展开更多
The effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on the infarction area and volume of rat brain induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. The treatment with Tet 7.5, 12.0 or 15.0 mg·kg 1 , or with...The effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on the infarction area and volume of rat brain induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. The treatment with Tet 7.5, 12.0 or 15.0 mg·kg 1 , or with fructose 1,6 diphosphate (FDP) 200 and 350 mg·kg 1 ip immediately after MCAO, respectively, significantly reduced the infarction area and volume in a dose dependent manner. MK801 and FDP also displayed a protective effect on brain ischemia. A combination of Tet and FDP administered immediately after MCAO, produced a more potent protective effect than those treated with Tet or FDP alone. When Tet or FDP was administered 1 h and 2 h after MCAO, respectively, they could still significantly reduce the infarction area and volume of brain tissue. But, there was no significant protective effect when these two compounds were given 3 h after MCAO.展开更多
Aim To optimize the reaction condition for preparation of 3-spiro-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole substituted fructose and hydrolysis of its isopropylidenes stepwisely. Methods Cyclohexane was added to the reaction mixture every 8...Aim To optimize the reaction condition for preparation of 3-spiro-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole substituted fructose and hydrolysis of its isopropylidenes stepwisely. Methods Cyclohexane was added to the reaction mixture every 8 h to remove acetic acid at 90 ℃. The isopropylidenes were hydrolyzed in 80% AcOH at 60 ℃ stepwisely in a reaction time- dependent manner. Results The yields of cyclization products 1b and 1c were improved from 53% and 51% to 74% and 79% respectively. The 1, 2-di-O-isopropylidene product 3 was obtained after 1 h and the total deprotected product 4 was obtained after 3 h in 80% AcOH at 60 ℃. Conclusion The yield of 1 is improved by cyclohexane-aided azeotropic removal of AcOH from the reaction mixture. Deprotection of 1 in 80% AcOH at 60 ℃ gives 3 or 4 after different time periods.展开更多
We aimed to investigate whether increased consumption of fructose is linked to the increased prevalence of fatty liver.The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is 3% and 20% in nonobese and obese subjects,...We aimed to investigate whether increased consumption of fructose is linked to the increased prevalence of fatty liver.The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is 3% and 20% in nonobese and obese subjects,respectively.Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflam-m-atory condition and obesity-related cytokines such as interleukin-6,adiponectin,leptin,and tumor necrosis factor-α may play important roles in the developm-ent of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Additionally,the prevalence of NASH associated with both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinom-a was reported to be high am-ong patients with type 2 diabetes with or without obesity.Our research group previously showed that consumption of fructose is associated with adverse alterations of plasma lipid profiles and metabolic changes in m-ice,the Am-erican Lifestyle-Induced Obesity Syndrom-e m-odel,which included consum-ption of a high-fructose corn syrup in amounts relevant to that consum-ed by som-e Am-ericans.The observation reinforces the concerns about the role of fructose in the obesity epidem-ic.Increased availability of fructose(e.g.,high-fructose corn syrup) increases not only abnorm-al glucose flux but also fructose m-etabolism-in the hepatocyte.Thus,the anatomic position of the liver places it in a strategic buffering position for absorbed carbohydrates and am-ino acids.Fructose was previously accepted as a beneficial dietary com-ponent because it does not stim-ulate insulin secretion.However,since insulin signaling plays an important role in central m-echanism-s of NAFLD,this property of fructose m-ay be undesirable.Fructose has a selective hepatic m-etabolism,and provokes a hepatic stress response involving activation of c-Jun N-term-inal kinases and subsequent reduced hepatic insulin signaling.As high fat diet alone produces obesity,insulin resistance,and som-e degree of fatty liver with m-inim-al inflam-m-ation and no fibrosis,the fast food diet which includes fructose and fats produces a gene expression signature of increased hepatic fibrosis,inflam-m-ation,endoplasm-ic reticulumstress and lipoapoptosis.Hepatic de novo lipogenesis(fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis) is increased in patients with NAFLD.Stable-isotope studies showed that increased de novo lipogenesis(DNL) in patients with NAFLD contributed to fat accum-ulation in the liver and the developm-ent of NAFLD.Specifically,DNL was responsible for 26% of accum-ulated hepatic triglycerides and 15%-23% of secreted very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides in patients with NAFLD com-pared to an estim-ated less than 5% DNL in healthy subjects and 10% DNL in obese people with hyperinsulinem-ia.In conclusion,understanding the underlying causes of NAFLD form-s the basis for rational preventive and treatm-ent strategies of this m-ajor form-of chronic liver disease.展开更多
Experimental data on the solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose in the mixed solvents com-posed of water and ethanol from 273.2 to 293.2 K were determined.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose dec...Experimental data on the solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose in the mixed solvents com-posed of water and ethanol from 273.2 to 293.2 K were determined.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose decreased as the ethanol content increased in the mixed solvent.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose decreased with decreasing equilibrium temperature.The modified UNIQUAC model,S-UNIFAC model and mS-UNIFAC model were applied to predict the solid-liquid equilibria.The prediction results were compared and discussed.Better prediction accuracy was generated using the modified UNIQUAC model.展开更多
Sulfated porous carbon （PC-SO3H） catalyst was successfully synthesized from one-pot treatment of porous polydivinylbenzene in H2SO4 at 250 ℃, which exhibited very good catalytic performances in the production of 5-...Sulfated porous carbon （PC-SO3H） catalyst was successfully synthesized from one-pot treatment of porous polydivinylbenzene in H2SO4 at 250 ℃, which exhibited very good catalytic performances in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Fructose is cytoprotective during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by regulating protein kinase C (PKC). This study was undertaken to explore the regulating mechanism of hepatic injury in rats wi...BACKGROUND: Fructose is cytoprotective during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by regulating protein kinase C (PKC). This study was undertaken to explore the regulating mechanism of hepatic injury in rats with obstructive jaundice, and to detect the PKC signal pathway. METHODS: Rat hepatocytes were isolated by in situ colla-genase perfusion and primary culture, and pretreated with various concentrations of PKC agonist phorbol myristate acetale (PMA) and inhibitor chelerythrine for 20 minutes. After pretreatment, 50 μmol/L glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) was added for additional 24 hours. Subsequently, the cells were detected by FCM and TUNEL. After adding with different concentrations of fructose and 100 μmol GCDC , the hepatocytes were evaluated by FCM and TUNEL. Experimental obstructive jaundice was induced with fructose and without fructose via double ligation of the bile duct for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Apoptotic status in the liver of all rats was detected with TUNEL, and PKC protein in the liver of obstructive jaundice ( OJ) with the immunohisto-chemistry method. RESULTS: PMA increased GCDC-induced apoptosis and chelerythrine decreased GCDC-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Adding with different concentration of fructose and 100 μmol GCDC, the decreased apoptotic rate was related to the concentration of fructose. The apoptotic rate of the liver was related to times of OJ. PKC and apoptosis index (AI) were the highest after a 14-day ligation of the bile duct without use of fructose. AI and PKC were decreasing from a 14-day ligation of the bile duct with fructose. CONCLUSIONS: PKC takes part in the regulation, occurrence , and progression of hepatic injury in OJ. Fructose is cytoprotective during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepato-cytes by regulating PKC.展开更多
Well dispersion of tin species in an isolated form is a quite challenge since tin salts are easily hydrolyzed into（hydr）oxides during aqueous stannation of β-zeolite.In this study,immobilization of tin species on h...Well dispersion of tin species in an isolated form is a quite challenge since tin salts are easily hydrolyzed into（hydr）oxides during aqueous stannation of β-zeolite.In this study,immobilization of tin species on high silica commercial β-zeolite by using SnCl_2/Choline chloride（ChCl） complex followed with calcination provided a convenient way to get well dispersed Sn in β-zeolite in the aqueous condition,which was observed based on electron microscopy images,UV visible spectra and X-ray diffraction pattern.The existence of ChCl facilitated tin species to incorporate into zeolite.（1-2）wt%of Sn loaded β-zeolites exhibited good catalytic activity and high selectivity for glucose-fructose isomerization reaction.展开更多
Fructose metabolism and fructose kinase KHKe C/A are key factors in the development of lipid oversynthesis-promoted metabolic disorders and cancer.Here,we summarize and discuss the current knowledge about the specific...Fructose metabolism and fructose kinase KHKe C/A are key factors in the development of lipid oversynthesis-promoted metabolic disorders and cancer.Here,we summarize and discuss the current knowledge about the specific features of fructose metabolism and the distinct roles of KHKe C and KHKe A in metabolic liver diseases and their relevant metabolic disorders and cancer,and we highlight the specific protein kinase activity of KHKe A in tumor development.In addition,different approaches that have been used to inhibit KHK and the exploration of KHK inhibitors in clinical treatment are introduced.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol, alone and in combination with fenofibrate, on fructose-induced metabolic genes abnormalities in rats.METHODS: Giving a fructose-enriched diet (FED) to rats for 12 wk was use...AIM: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol, alone and in combination with fenofibrate, on fructose-induced metabolic genes abnormalities in rats.METHODS: Giving a fructose-enriched diet (FED) to rats for 12 wk was used as a model for inducing hepatic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Adult male albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into a control group and a FED group which was subdivided into 4 groups, a control FED, fenofibrate (FENO) (100 mg/kg), resveratrol (RES) (70 mg/kg) and combined treatment (FENO + RES) (half the doses). All treatments were given orally from the 9<sup>th</sup> week till the end of experimental period. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), liver index, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA), serum and liver triglycerides (TGs), oxidative stress (liver MDA, GSH and SOD), serum AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Additionally, hepatic gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and adipose tissue genes expression of leptin and adiponectin were investigated. Liver sections were taken for histopathological examination and steatosis area were determined.RESULTS: Rats fed FED showed damaged liver, impairment of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia. As for gene expression, there was a change in favor of dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. All treatment regimens showed some benefit in reversing the described deviations. Fructose caused deterioration in hepatic gene expression of SOCS-3, SREBP-1c, FAS, MDA and TGF-β1 and in adipose tissue gene expression of leptin and adiponectin. Fructose showed also an increase in body weight, insulin resistance (OGTT, HOMA), serum and liver TGs, hepatic MDA, serum AST, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α compared to control. All treatments improved SOCS-3, FAS, MCD, TGF-β1 and leptin genes expression while only RES and FENO + RES groups showed an improvement in SREBP-1c expression. Adiponectin gene expression was improved only by RES. A decrease in body weight, HOMA, liver TGs, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α were observed in all treatment groups. Liver index was increased in FENO and FENO + RES groups. Serum TGs was improved only by FENO treatment. Liver MDA was improved by RES and FENO + RES treatments. FENO + RES group showed an increase in liver GSH content.CONCLUSION: When resveratrol was given with half the dose of fenofibrate it improved NASH-related fructose-induced disturbances in gene expression similar to a full dose of fenofibrate.展开更多
The MgO/NaY catalysts prepared by impregnation method were used for the conversion of glucose to fructose in water medium. The effects of MgO loading, reaction temperature, glucose concentration and reaction time on t...The MgO/NaY catalysts prepared by impregnation method were used for the conversion of glucose to fructose in water medium. The effects of MgO loading, reaction temperature, glucose concentration and reaction time on the catalytic performance for the reaction were studied. The activity testing results indicated that fructose could be generated effectively by controlling the components of the catalyst and reaction conditions. The maximal fructose yield of 33.8% with the selectivity of 67.3% was achieved over the 10%MgO/NaY catalyst at 100 ℃ for 2 h. Moreover, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, and CO2-TPD techniques. The structural property of NaY with higher surface area facilitated glucose conversion, and the modulated basicity of the catalyst with MgO addition contributed to the formation of fructose in the tautornerization of aldose to ketose.展开更多
Objective: To study the effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SPF SD rats were selected as experimental animals and randoml...Objective: To study the effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SPF SD rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into four groups.Sham group received sham operation, I/R group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models, FDP group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models and then were given FDP intervention, and FDP+AG490 group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models and then were given FDP and JAK2 inhibitor AG490 intervention.Results: CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of I/R group were significantly higher than those of Sham group whereas Bcl-2, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression in myocardial tissues were significantly lower than those of Sham group; CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of FDP group were significantly lower than those of I/R group whereas Bcl-2, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression in myocardial tissue were significantly higher than those of I/R group; CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of FDP+AG490 group were significantly higher than those of FDP group whereas Bcl-2 protein expression in myocardial tissue was significantly lower than that of FDP group.Conclusion: FDP could reduce the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.展开更多
The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural...The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.展开更多
A new convenient colorimetric sensor for fructose based on anti-aggregation of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles（Au NPs） is presented. 4-Mercaptophenylboronic acid（MPBA） induces the aggregation of Au NPs, leading ...A new convenient colorimetric sensor for fructose based on anti-aggregation of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles（Au NPs） is presented. 4-Mercaptophenylboronic acid（MPBA） induces the aggregation of Au NPs, leading to a color change from red to blue. Fructose as a potent competitor has strong affinity for MPBA and a borate ester is formed between MPBA and fructose. There is an obvious color change from blue to red with increasing the concentration of fructose. The anti-aggregation effect of fructose on Au NPs was seen by the naked eye and monitored by UV–vis spectra. Our results showed that the absorbance ratio（A（519）/A（640）） was linear with fructose concentration in the range of 0.032–0.96 μmol/L（R^2= 0.996）, with a low detection limit of 0.01 μmol/L（S/N = 3）. Notably, a highly selective recognition of fructose was shown against other monosaccharide and disaccharide（glucose, mannose, galactose,lactose and saccharose）. With anti-aggregation assays higher selectivity is achievable. The results of this work provide a rapid method for evaluating the quantitative analysis of fructose in human plasma at physiologically meaningful concentrations and at neutral pH. The proposed procedure can be used as an efficient method for the precise and accurate determination of fructose.展开更多
To study the effect of adjacent hydroxyl to the active sites, several acid catalysts, i.e. substituted benzoic acids with adjacent carboxyl are employed in the fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).Expe...To study the effect of adjacent hydroxyl to the active sites, several acid catalysts, i.e. substituted benzoic acids with adjacent carboxyl are employed in the fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).Experimental results reveal that Br?nsted acid sites with adjacent carboxyl present higher catalytic ability than isolated ones. Computational results suggest that the adjacent sites lead to co-interaction on fructose, corresponding more stable transition state and faster HMF formation rate. Based on the enhancement from the adjacent sites, a novel ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) full of carboxyls in surface is prepared and turns out to be an effective solid catalyst for HMF production from fructose derived from biomass.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278419)the Key Core Technology Research(Social Development)Foundation of Suzhou(2023ss06)the Suzhou National Joint Laboratory for Green and Low-carbon Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology,Suzhou University of Science and Technology(SZLSDT202404).
文摘Fully utilizing renewable biomass energy is important for saving energy,reducing carbon emissions,and mitigating climate change.As the main hydrolysate of cellulose,a primary component of lignocellulose,glucose could be employed as a starting material to prepare some other functional derivatives for improving the value of biomass resources.The isomerization of glucose to produce fructose is an important intermediate process during numerous high-value-added chemical preparations.Therefore,the development of efficient and selective catalysts for glucose isomerization is of great significance.Currently,glucose isomerase catalysts are limited by the harsh conditions required for microbial activity,which restricts further improvements in fructose yield.Additionally,heterogeneous Bronsted-base and Lewis-acid catalysts commonly employed in chemical isomerization methods often lead to the formation of undesirable by-products,resulting in reduced selectivity toward fructose.This study has demonstrated that lithium-loaded heterogeneous catalysts possess excellent isomerization capabilities under mild conditions.A highly efficient Li-C_(3)N_(4) catalyst was developed,achieving a fructose selectivity of 99.9% and a yield of 42.6% at 60℃ within 1.0 h-comparable to the performance of the enzymatic method.Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),proton nuclear magnetic resonance(^(1)H NMR),and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)analyses confirmed that lithium was stably incorporated into the g-C_(3)N_(4) framework through the formation of Li-N bonds.Further investigations using CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD),in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and 7Li magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance(^(7)Li MAS NMR)indicated that the isomerization proceeded via a base-catalyzed mechanism.The Li species were found to interact with hydroxyl groups generated through hydrolysis and simultaneously coordinated with nitrogen atoms in the C_(3)N_(4) matrix,resulting in the formation of Li-N_(6)-H_(2)O active sites.These active sites facilitated the deprotonation of glucose to form an enolate intermediate,followed by a proton transfer step that generated fructose.This mechanism not only improved the efficiency of fructose production but also provided valuable insight into the catalytic role of lithium within the isomerization process.
基金sponsored by the One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project,Ningbo University,Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education in Ningbo University,and K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation China(32270115)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0901102)Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(SJLY2021015)。
文摘Fructose consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades due to the use of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup in beverages and processed foods,contributing to rising rates of hyperuricemia.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the anti-hyperuricemia effects of an active oligopeptide(GPSGRP)derived from sea cucumber in fructose induced hyperuricemia mouse model,and to clarify the underlying mechanism in sight of gut microbiota and serum metabolites.Peptide GPSGRP treatment rebalanced uric acid metabolism and alleviated inflammatory response in mice.In addition,treatment with GPSGRP decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria at the phylum level,Muribaculum,Prevotella and Bacteroides at the genus level,and inhibited the related pathways of purine metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism.Moreover,serum metabolites,including linoleic acid,indole and its derivatives,arachidonic acid and uridine,as well as related metabolic pathways,such as tricarboxylic acid cycle,ketone production and sugar production,were altered in response to GPSGRP treatment.This study provides a valuable reference for the application and development of marine biological peptides in uric acid management.
基金supported by the Special Funds of Basic Research of Central Public Welfare Institute(JY2010 and ZX2410)。
文摘Background:Fructose may induce non-alcoholic fatty acids(NAFLD)due to the gut-liver axis interactions.The mechanism of fructose impairing colon barrier is unrevealed.Methods:Normal and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced Sprague-Dawley rats fed by 35%fructose diets were used to evaluate colon barrier functions.Microbiome and metabolome were applied to screen potential biomarker bacteria and metabolites induced by fructose.HT-29 cells were applied to validate metabolite biomarker indoleacrylic acid(IAA)and indole-3-carboxaldehyde(I3A)function in colon barrier which impaired by fructose.Results:Fructose induced colon barrier dysfunction,aggravated colon impairment in DSS-induced rats.With fructose intake,the colon length shortened,goblet numbers declined,inflammation infiltration induced,inflammatory cytokines increased,and apoptosis signals upregulated in colon tissue.Moreover,fructose induced dysbiosis of microbiota and their metabolites.Adlercreutzia and Holdemania were screened out as potential bacteria biomarkers,IAA and I3A as tryptophan metabolites were selected as metabolite biomarkers inhibited by fructose.IAA and I3A treatment alleviated the impairment induced by fructose by increasing trans epithelial electric resistance value,tight junction proteins,and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ah R)activity in HT-29 cell.Conclusion:Fructose stimulated inflammation,apoptosis,gut bacteria alteration,and induced the reduction of IAA and I3A.Since fructose inhibited production of IAA and I3A,Ah R remained inactivated and consequently induced colon barrier dysfunction.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of sodium magnesiusm fructose diphosphate(FDPM) on brain damage of rats after ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced by inserting a nylon thread into internal carotid artery to block the origin of middle cerebral artery and removing the thread later. FDPM (400 mg·kg -1), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP, 400 mg·kg -1)and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4, 30 mg·kg -1) were administrated 10 min after the onset of ischemia. Neurological scale, brain infarct area, Malondialdehyde(MDA) content and histopathological changes of brain tissue were studied. Results: FDPM decreased neurological scale, diminished brain infarct area, reduced MDA content and relieved histopathological change of rat brain tissue subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. These effects were more powerful than that of FDP or MgSO 4. Conclusions: It is suggested that FDPM markedly prevented rats against brain damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and its effect was better than that of FDP or MgSO 4.
文摘Epidemiological data show that the consumption of added sugars as ingredients in processed or prepared foods and caloric beverages has dramatically increased. Fructose and fructose-based sweeteners are the most commonly added sugars and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55: 55% fructose, 42% glucose and 3% higher saccharides) accounts for over 40% of all added caloric sweeteners. Concerns regarding the health risk of added sugar follow the demonstration that the consumption of foods and beverages high in sugars is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and, more recently, ischemic heart and kidney diseases. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effects of sugar are not completely understood and their elucidation is critical to provide new insights on the health risk of fructose-based sweeteners. A better understanding of the key role of fructose overconsumption in the development of metabolic disorders may contribute to planning new strategies for preventing deleterious dietary behaviors from becoming established and, thus, curbing the rise in the number of insulin-resistant, obese and diabetic populations worldwide.
文摘Hereditary fructose intolerance(HFI) is an underrecognized,preventable life-threatening condition.It is an autosomal recessive disorder with subnormal activity of aldolase B in the liver,kidney and small bowel.Symptoms are present only after the ingestion of fructose,which leads to brisk hypoglycemia,and an individual with continued ingestion will exhibit vomiting,abdominal pain,failure to thrive,and renal and liver failure.A diagnosis of HFI was made in a 50-year-old woman on the basis of medical history,response to fructose intolerance test,demonstration of aldolase B activity reduction in duodenal biopsy,and molecular analysis of leukocyte DNA by PCR showed homozygosity for two doses of mutant gene.HFI may remain undiagnosed until adult life and may lead to disastrous complications following inadvertent fructose or sorbitol infusion.Several lethal episodes of HFI following sorbitol and fructose infusion have been reported.The diagnosis can only be suspected by taking a careful dietary history,and this can present serious complications.
文摘The effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on the infarction area and volume of rat brain induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. The treatment with Tet 7.5, 12.0 or 15.0 mg·kg 1 , or with fructose 1,6 diphosphate (FDP) 200 and 350 mg·kg 1 ip immediately after MCAO, respectively, significantly reduced the infarction area and volume in a dose dependent manner. MK801 and FDP also displayed a protective effect on brain ischemia. A combination of Tet and FDP administered immediately after MCAO, produced a more potent protective effect than those treated with Tet or FDP alone. When Tet or FDP was administered 1 h and 2 h after MCAO, respectively, they could still significantly reduce the infarction area and volume of brain tissue. But, there was no significant protective effect when these two compounds were given 3 h after MCAO.
文摘Aim To optimize the reaction condition for preparation of 3-spiro-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole substituted fructose and hydrolysis of its isopropylidenes stepwisely. Methods Cyclohexane was added to the reaction mixture every 8 h to remove acetic acid at 90 ℃. The isopropylidenes were hydrolyzed in 80% AcOH at 60 ℃ stepwisely in a reaction time- dependent manner. Results The yields of cyclization products 1b and 1c were improved from 53% and 51% to 74% and 79% respectively. The 1, 2-di-O-isopropylidene product 3 was obtained after 1 h and the total deprotected product 4 was obtained after 3 h in 80% AcOH at 60 ℃. Conclusion The yield of 1 is improved by cyclohexane-aided azeotropic removal of AcOH from the reaction mixture. Deprotection of 1 in 80% AcOH at 60 ℃ gives 3 or 4 after different time periods.
文摘We aimed to investigate whether increased consumption of fructose is linked to the increased prevalence of fatty liver.The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is 3% and 20% in nonobese and obese subjects,respectively.Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflam-m-atory condition and obesity-related cytokines such as interleukin-6,adiponectin,leptin,and tumor necrosis factor-α may play important roles in the developm-ent of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Additionally,the prevalence of NASH associated with both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinom-a was reported to be high am-ong patients with type 2 diabetes with or without obesity.Our research group previously showed that consumption of fructose is associated with adverse alterations of plasma lipid profiles and metabolic changes in m-ice,the Am-erican Lifestyle-Induced Obesity Syndrom-e m-odel,which included consum-ption of a high-fructose corn syrup in amounts relevant to that consum-ed by som-e Am-ericans.The observation reinforces the concerns about the role of fructose in the obesity epidem-ic.Increased availability of fructose(e.g.,high-fructose corn syrup) increases not only abnorm-al glucose flux but also fructose m-etabolism-in the hepatocyte.Thus,the anatomic position of the liver places it in a strategic buffering position for absorbed carbohydrates and am-ino acids.Fructose was previously accepted as a beneficial dietary com-ponent because it does not stim-ulate insulin secretion.However,since insulin signaling plays an important role in central m-echanism-s of NAFLD,this property of fructose m-ay be undesirable.Fructose has a selective hepatic m-etabolism,and provokes a hepatic stress response involving activation of c-Jun N-term-inal kinases and subsequent reduced hepatic insulin signaling.As high fat diet alone produces obesity,insulin resistance,and som-e degree of fatty liver with m-inim-al inflam-m-ation and no fibrosis,the fast food diet which includes fructose and fats produces a gene expression signature of increased hepatic fibrosis,inflam-m-ation,endoplasm-ic reticulumstress and lipoapoptosis.Hepatic de novo lipogenesis(fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis) is increased in patients with NAFLD.Stable-isotope studies showed that increased de novo lipogenesis(DNL) in patients with NAFLD contributed to fat accum-ulation in the liver and the developm-ent of NAFLD.Specifically,DNL was responsible for 26% of accum-ulated hepatic triglycerides and 15%-23% of secreted very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides in patients with NAFLD com-pared to an estim-ated less than 5% DNL in healthy subjects and 10% DNL in obese people with hyperinsulinem-ia.In conclusion,understanding the underlying causes of NAFLD form-s the basis for rational preventive and treatm-ent strategies of this m-ajor form-of chronic liver disease.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project （2009ZX09313-036） the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （20090461360） the Zhejiang Provincial Education Department Projects （Y200907556）
文摘Experimental data on the solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose in the mixed solvents com-posed of water and ethanol from 273.2 to 293.2 K were determined.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose decreased as the ethanol content increased in the mixed solvent.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose decreased with decreasing equilibrium temperature.The modified UNIQUAC model,S-UNIFAC model and mS-UNIFAC model were applied to predict the solid-liquid equilibria.The prediction results were compared and discussed.Better prediction accuracy was generated using the modified UNIQUAC model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1162201)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University (20121051)
文摘Sulfated porous carbon （PC-SO3H） catalyst was successfully synthesized from one-pot treatment of porous polydivinylbenzene in H2SO4 at 250 ℃, which exhibited very good catalytic performances in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose.
文摘BACKGROUND: Fructose is cytoprotective during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by regulating protein kinase C (PKC). This study was undertaken to explore the regulating mechanism of hepatic injury in rats with obstructive jaundice, and to detect the PKC signal pathway. METHODS: Rat hepatocytes were isolated by in situ colla-genase perfusion and primary culture, and pretreated with various concentrations of PKC agonist phorbol myristate acetale (PMA) and inhibitor chelerythrine for 20 minutes. After pretreatment, 50 μmol/L glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) was added for additional 24 hours. Subsequently, the cells were detected by FCM and TUNEL. After adding with different concentrations of fructose and 100 μmol GCDC , the hepatocytes were evaluated by FCM and TUNEL. Experimental obstructive jaundice was induced with fructose and without fructose via double ligation of the bile duct for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Apoptotic status in the liver of all rats was detected with TUNEL, and PKC protein in the liver of obstructive jaundice ( OJ) with the immunohisto-chemistry method. RESULTS: PMA increased GCDC-induced apoptosis and chelerythrine decreased GCDC-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Adding with different concentration of fructose and 100 μmol GCDC, the decreased apoptotic rate was related to the concentration of fructose. The apoptotic rate of the liver was related to times of OJ. PKC and apoptosis index (AI) were the highest after a 14-day ligation of the bile duct without use of fructose. AI and PKC were decreasing from a 14-day ligation of the bile duct with fructose. CONCLUSIONS: PKC takes part in the regulation, occurrence , and progression of hepatic injury in OJ. Fructose is cytoprotective during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepato-cytes by regulating PKC.
基金supported by Aomori City Governmentthe Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education,Culture,Sport,Science,and Technology(MEXT),Japan
文摘Well dispersion of tin species in an isolated form is a quite challenge since tin salts are easily hydrolyzed into（hydr）oxides during aqueous stannation of β-zeolite.In this study,immobilization of tin species on high silica commercial β-zeolite by using SnCl_2/Choline chloride（ChCl） complex followed with calcination provided a convenient way to get well dispersed Sn in β-zeolite in the aqueous condition,which was observed based on electron microscopy images,UV visible spectra and X-ray diffraction pattern.The existence of ChCl facilitated tin species to incorporate into zeolite.（1-2）wt%of Sn loaded β-zeolites exhibited good catalytic activity and high selectivity for glucose-fructose isomerization reaction.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2020YFA0803300 to Z.L.,J.F.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030074,Z.L.+4 种基金82073061,J.F.81672926,L.M.)the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation-Key Project(LD21H160003,Z.L.)the Zhejiang University Research Fund(188020*194221901/029,Z.L.)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2019R01001,Z.L.)。
文摘Fructose metabolism and fructose kinase KHKe C/A are key factors in the development of lipid oversynthesis-promoted metabolic disorders and cancer.Here,we summarize and discuss the current knowledge about the specific features of fructose metabolism and the distinct roles of KHKe C and KHKe A in metabolic liver diseases and their relevant metabolic disorders and cancer,and we highlight the specific protein kinase activity of KHKe A in tumor development.In addition,different approaches that have been used to inhibit KHK and the exploration of KHK inhibitors in clinical treatment are introduced.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol, alone and in combination with fenofibrate, on fructose-induced metabolic genes abnormalities in rats.METHODS: Giving a fructose-enriched diet (FED) to rats for 12 wk was used as a model for inducing hepatic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Adult male albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into a control group and a FED group which was subdivided into 4 groups, a control FED, fenofibrate (FENO) (100 mg/kg), resveratrol (RES) (70 mg/kg) and combined treatment (FENO + RES) (half the doses). All treatments were given orally from the 9<sup>th</sup> week till the end of experimental period. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), liver index, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA), serum and liver triglycerides (TGs), oxidative stress (liver MDA, GSH and SOD), serum AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Additionally, hepatic gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and adipose tissue genes expression of leptin and adiponectin were investigated. Liver sections were taken for histopathological examination and steatosis area were determined.RESULTS: Rats fed FED showed damaged liver, impairment of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia. As for gene expression, there was a change in favor of dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. All treatment regimens showed some benefit in reversing the described deviations. Fructose caused deterioration in hepatic gene expression of SOCS-3, SREBP-1c, FAS, MDA and TGF-β1 and in adipose tissue gene expression of leptin and adiponectin. Fructose showed also an increase in body weight, insulin resistance (OGTT, HOMA), serum and liver TGs, hepatic MDA, serum AST, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α compared to control. All treatments improved SOCS-3, FAS, MCD, TGF-β1 and leptin genes expression while only RES and FENO + RES groups showed an improvement in SREBP-1c expression. Adiponectin gene expression was improved only by RES. A decrease in body weight, HOMA, liver TGs, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α were observed in all treatment groups. Liver index was increased in FENO and FENO + RES groups. Serum TGs was improved only by FENO treatment. Liver MDA was improved by RES and FENO + RES treatments. FENO + RES group showed an increase in liver GSH content.CONCLUSION: When resveratrol was given with half the dose of fenofibrate it improved NASH-related fructose-induced disturbances in gene expression similar to a full dose of fenofibrate.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No.1708085MB39)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.20141097)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21206162)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Solid Surface Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University (No.201412)Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Anhui Normal University (No. 2014bsqdjj41)
文摘The MgO/NaY catalysts prepared by impregnation method were used for the conversion of glucose to fructose in water medium. The effects of MgO loading, reaction temperature, glucose concentration and reaction time on the catalytic performance for the reaction were studied. The activity testing results indicated that fructose could be generated effectively by controlling the components of the catalyst and reaction conditions. The maximal fructose yield of 33.8% with the selectivity of 67.3% was achieved over the 10%MgO/NaY catalyst at 100 ℃ for 2 h. Moreover, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, and CO2-TPD techniques. The structural property of NaY with higher surface area facilitated glucose conversion, and the modulated basicity of the catalyst with MgO addition contributed to the formation of fructose in the tautornerization of aldose to ketose.
基金supported by Fenghua Science and Technology Bureau(No.B02162715)
文摘Objective: To study the effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SPF SD rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into four groups.Sham group received sham operation, I/R group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models, FDP group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models and then were given FDP intervention, and FDP+AG490 group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models and then were given FDP and JAK2 inhibitor AG490 intervention.Results: CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of I/R group were significantly higher than those of Sham group whereas Bcl-2, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression in myocardial tissues were significantly lower than those of Sham group; CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of FDP group were significantly lower than those of I/R group whereas Bcl-2, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression in myocardial tissue were significantly higher than those of I/R group; CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of FDP+AG490 group were significantly higher than those of FDP group whereas Bcl-2 protein expression in myocardial tissue was significantly lower than that of FDP group.Conclusion: FDP could reduce the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
基金supported by Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178135,21978104 and 22278419)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2101601)。
文摘The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.
文摘A new convenient colorimetric sensor for fructose based on anti-aggregation of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles（Au NPs） is presented. 4-Mercaptophenylboronic acid（MPBA） induces the aggregation of Au NPs, leading to a color change from red to blue. Fructose as a potent competitor has strong affinity for MPBA and a borate ester is formed between MPBA and fructose. There is an obvious color change from blue to red with increasing the concentration of fructose. The anti-aggregation effect of fructose on Au NPs was seen by the naked eye and monitored by UV–vis spectra. Our results showed that the absorbance ratio（A（519）/A（640）） was linear with fructose concentration in the range of 0.032–0.96 μmol/L（R^2= 0.996）, with a low detection limit of 0.01 μmol/L（S/N = 3）. Notably, a highly selective recognition of fructose was shown against other monosaccharide and disaccharide（glucose, mannose, galactose,lactose and saccharose）. With anti-aggregation assays higher selectivity is achievable. The results of this work provide a rapid method for evaluating the quantitative analysis of fructose in human plasma at physiologically meaningful concentrations and at neutral pH. The proposed procedure can be used as an efficient method for the precise and accurate determination of fructose.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20151380)NSF of China (21103087 and 21872067)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (020514380116)。
文摘To study the effect of adjacent hydroxyl to the active sites, several acid catalysts, i.e. substituted benzoic acids with adjacent carboxyl are employed in the fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).Experimental results reveal that Br?nsted acid sites with adjacent carboxyl present higher catalytic ability than isolated ones. Computational results suggest that the adjacent sites lead to co-interaction on fructose, corresponding more stable transition state and faster HMF formation rate. Based on the enhancement from the adjacent sites, a novel ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) full of carboxyls in surface is prepared and turns out to be an effective solid catalyst for HMF production from fructose derived from biomass.
