The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we weigh the advantages of taking on debt against the benefits of staying debt-free.
The advancement of integrated die-casting technology calls for high-strength,high-ductility heat-treatment-free Al alloys.This study investigates the use of a new AlSiFeMnVTiSrZr heat-treatment-free die-casting alloy ...The advancement of integrated die-casting technology calls for high-strength,high-ductility heat-treatment-free Al alloys.This study investigates the use of a new AlSiFeMnVTiSrZr heat-treatment-free die-casting alloy for shock tower manufacturing.Results show the alloy has excellent overall mechanical properties,but significant regional differences in microstructure and performance are found in the shock tower casting:Far-gate Position 6 has almost no externally solidified crystals(ESCs),whereas dense coarse dendritic ESCs exist in the center of near-gate Position 5.The fracture surface of Position 6 shows a steeper slope,while Position 5 has a rough crack propagation platform.Far-gate Position 6 also has higher porosity(nearly triple that of near-gate Region 5)and larger average pore size.Analysis reveals microstructural heterogeneity between near-and far-gate regions strongly influences mechanical performance.Notably,coarse dendritic ESCs in the near-gate region restrict grain boundary strengthening,leading to lower yield strength despite low porosity.Conversely,while fine grains in the far-gate region could enhance grain boundary strengthening,abundant porosity acts as crack initiation sites,severely reducing ductility.These findings provide theoretical guidance for evaluating integrated die-cast component performance.展开更多
This study investigates the uncertain dynamic characterization of hybrid composite plates by employing advanced machine-assisted finite element methodologies.Hybrid composites,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and s...This study investigates the uncertain dynamic characterization of hybrid composite plates by employing advanced machine-assisted finite element methodologies.Hybrid composites,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and structural applications,often face variability in material properties,geometric configurations,and manufacturing processes,leading to uncertainty in their dynamic response.To address this,three surrogate-based machine learning approaches like radial basis function(RBF),multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS),and polynomial neural networks(PNN)are integrated with a finite element framework to efficiently capture the stochastic behavior of these plates.The research focuses on predicting the first three natural frequencies under material uncertainties,which are critical to ensuring structural reliability.Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)is used as a benchmark for generating probabilistic datasets,including mean values,standard deviations,and probability density functions.The surrogate models are then trained and validated against these datasets,enabling accurate representation of uncertainty with substantially fewer samples compared to conventionalMCS.Among the methods studied,the RBFmodel demonstrates superior performance,closely approximating MCS results with a reduced sample size,thereby achieving significant computational savings.The proposed framework not only reduces computational time and costs but also maintains high predictive accuracy,making it well-suited for complex engineering systems.Beyond free vibration analysis,the methodology can be extended to more sophisticated scenarios,such as forced vibration,damping effects,and nonlinear structural responses.Overall,this work presents a computationally efficient and robust approach for surrogate-based uncertainty quantification,advancing the analysis and design of hybrid composite structures under uncertainty.展开更多
Alkali-free SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO with different SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratios was prepared by conventional melt quenching method.The glass network structure,thermodynamic properties and elastic modulus changes...Alkali-free SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO with different SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratios was prepared by conventional melt quenching method.The glass network structure,thermodynamic properties and elastic modulus changes with SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)ratios were investigated using various techniques.It is found that when SiO_(2)is replaced by Al_(2)O_(3),the Q^(4) to Q^(3) transition of silicon-oxygen network decreases while the aluminum-oxygen network increases,which result in the transformation of Si-O-Si bonds to Si-O-Al bonds and an increase in glass network connectivity even though the intermolecular bond strength decreases.The glass transition temperature(T_(g))increases continuously,while the thermal expansion coefficient increases and high-temperature viscosity first decreases and then increases.Meanwhile,the elastic modulus values increase from 93 to 102 GPa.This indicates that the elastic modulus is mainly affected by packing factor and dissociation energy,and elements with higher packing factors and dissociation energies supplant those with lower values,resulting in increased rigidity within the glass.展开更多
As a controllable power generation method requiring no energy storage,Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)technology demonstrates characteristics of abundant reserves,low pollution,and round-the-clock stable operatio...As a controllable power generation method requiring no energy storage,Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)technology demonstrates characteristics of abundant reserves,low pollution,and round-the-clock stable operation.The free-standing cold-water pipe(CWP)in the system withstands various complex loads during operation,posing potential failure risks.To reveal the deformation and stress mechanisms of OTEC CWPs,this study first analyzes wave particle velocity and acceleration to determine wave loads at different water depths.Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model,a quasi-static load calculation model for OTEC CWPs was established.The governing equations were discretized using the finite difference method,and matrix equations were solved to analyze bending deformation,bending moments,and surface stresses at discrete points along the pipe.Results indicate that water depths within 50 m represent a critical zone where wave particle velocity,acceleration,and wave loads exhibit significant variations in harmonic patterns,while beyond 50 m depth wave loads decrease linearly.Ocean currents and surface wind-driven currents substantially influence the CWP’s lateral displacement.Considering the effect of clump weights,the maximum lateral displacement occurs at 600–800 m below sea level.Utilizing large-wall-thickness high-strength pipes at the top section significantly enhances the structural safety of the CWP system.展开更多
Objective: To investigate whether attaching a free lens anterior capsular disc to the corneal endothelial surface during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can effectively reduce postoperative corneal...Objective: To investigate whether attaching a free lens anterior capsular disc to the corneal endothelial surface during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can effectively reduce postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss. Methods: This prospective study included 97 cataract patients. Among them, 33 patients served as the experimental group, where a free lens anterior capsular disc was applied for corneal endothelial protection during FLACS. The remaining 64 patients formed the control group and underwent conventional FLACS. Changes in corneal endothelial cell density were compared between the two groups before surgery and one month postoperatively. Results: One month after surgery, corneal endothelial cell counts in both groups were lower than preoperative levels. However, the experimental group exhibited higher corneal endothelial cell counts than the control group, with a smaller reduction in cell counts (p < 0.05). The corneal endothelial cell loss rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group one month postoperatively (p < 0.05). At the one-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in LogMAR visual acuity or non-contact intraocular pressure between the two groups compared to preoperative values (p > 0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of LogMAR visual acuity, non-contact intraocular pressure, improvements in LogMAR visual acuity, or changes in non-contact intraocular pressure (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Attaching a free lens anterior capsular disc to the corneal endothelial surface during FLACS can effectively reduce intraoperative corneal endothelial cell loss.展开更多
The remarkable mechanical and physical characteristics of functionally graded(FG)graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM)structures,including their high strength-to-weight ratio,tunable stiffness and...The remarkable mechanical and physical characteristics of functionally graded(FG)graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM)structures,including their high strength-to-weight ratio,tunable stiffness and strength,and negative Poisson's ratio(NPR),have demonstrated significant promise for a range of engineering applications.This paper aims to investigate the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate with rectangular and elliptical planform and resting on Kerr-elastic foundation in thermal environment.Within the framework of the higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT),von Kármán assumption,modified couple stress theory(MCST)and by employing Hamilton's principle the nonlinear governing equations of motion are established.By combining an iterative technique with a displacement control strategy,an isogeometric analysis(IGA)approach used to determine the nonlinearity in free vibration,as measured by the nonlinear frequency ratio associated with the center deflection amplitude.The effects of GOri distribution patterns,weight fraction,length-scale parameter,temperature difference,skew-angle,and micro-plate dimensions on the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of the FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate are revealed through a thorough parametric study.This result can be applied in studies on the design of micro-electro-mechanical devices operating in various complex environments and conditions.展开更多
Halogens are common in industrial thermal processes and can induce formation of toxic organic pollutants.Currently,the specific effects of coexisting halogens on toxic pollutant formation are unclear.In this study,we ...Halogens are common in industrial thermal processes and can induce formation of toxic organic pollutants.Currently,the specific effects of coexisting halogens on toxic pollutant formation are unclear.In this study,we found the boosting effects of halogens on organic pollutants formation during thermal processes.In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to distinguish the organic free radical intermediates of organic pollutants during thermal processes.The pure chlorine-containing reaction system dominantly induce the formation of highly chlorinated phenoxy radicals,whereas the pure bromine-containing reaction system induce the formation of semiquinone radicals.The results provide clear evidence for the molecular mechanisms by which halogen coexistence boosts pollutants formation.Coexisting halogens made the reactions much more complex.Bromine atom radicals(Br·)can enhance the level of active chlorine atoms radicals(Cl·),then(1)facilitating highly chlorinated organic radicals and toxic pollutants formation,(2)activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecules for subsequent ring growth and(3)accelerating oxidation reactions.Combining the identification of organic free radical intermediates and characteristics of products,detailed mechanisms of halogens on the formations of organic pollutants during thermal-related processes were clarified,which can be helpful for their efficient control in the widespread bromines and chlorines co-existence reaction system.展开更多
Since the launch of island-wide special customs operations at Hainan Free Trade Port(Hainan FTP),the proportion of “zero-tariff”imported goods has increased significantly from 21 to 74 percent, and high-quality good...Since the launch of island-wide special customs operations at Hainan Free Trade Port(Hainan FTP),the proportion of “zero-tariff”imported goods has increased significantly from 21 to 74 percent, and high-quality goods from Southeast Asia can enter Hainan at a more competitive price. If goods contain imported materials and achieve at least 30 percent added value through local processing,they can enter the Chinese mainland market with an exemption from import tariffs, effectively gaining market access across China.展开更多
The world economy is now in a period of indepth adjustment.The intensification of geopolitical conflicts,a rise of trade protectionism,and reconfiguration of global supply chains have prompted all countries to re-exam...The world economy is now in a period of indepth adjustment.The intensification of geopolitical conflicts,a rise of trade protectionism,and reconfiguration of global supply chains have prompted all countries to re-examine their openness to trade amid rising uncertainties.Against this backdrop,China’s continuing commitment to promoting higherlevel opening up and building the Hainan Free Trade Port(Hainan FTP)has distinct contemporary significance and strategic value.展开更多
The dedicated freight channel at the Youyiguan Border Gate in south China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region buzzes with activity as trucks loaded with export goods move steadily through customs.Thanks to a system up...The dedicated freight channel at the Youyiguan Border Gate in south China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region buzzes with activity as trucks loaded with export goods move steadily through customs.Thanks to a system upgraded at the start of 2026,clearance personnel at this China-Vietnam crossing simply place an order online,and the entire process is handled almost instantly via an intelligent platform.Adding to the efficiency,the border gate also features dedicated lanes that support driverless container trucks.展开更多
Understanding the complex plasma dynamics in ultra-intense relativistic laser-solid interactions is of fundamental importance for applications of laser-plasma-based particle accelerators,the creation of high-energy-de...Understanding the complex plasma dynamics in ultra-intense relativistic laser-solid interactions is of fundamental importance for applications of laser-plasma-based particle accelerators,the creation of high-energy-density matter,understanding planetary science,and laser-driven fusion energy.However,experimental efforts in this regime have been limited by the lack of accessibility of over-critical densities and the poor spatiotemporal resolution of conventional diagnostics.Over the last decade,the advent of femtosecond brilliant hard X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)has opened new horizons to overcome these limitations.Here,for the first time,we present full-scale spatiotemporal measurements of solid-density plasma dynamics,including preplasma generation with tens of nanometer scale length driven by the leading edge of a relativistic laser pulse,ultrafast heating and ionization at the main pulse arrival,the laser-driven blast wave,and transient surface return current-induced compression dynamics up to hundreds of picoseconds after interaction.These observations are enabled by utilizing a novel combination of advanced X-ray diagnostics including small-angle X-ray scattering,resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy,and propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging simultaneously at the European XFEL-HED beamline station.展开更多
The enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)is critical for the continuous growth of magnetic memory density.Material systems that possess high interfacial PMA typically involve strong spin-orbit coupling...The enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)is critical for the continuous growth of magnetic memory density.Material systems that possess high interfacial PMA typically involve strong spin-orbit coupling(SOC)or transition metal/oxide interfaces.In contrast,the role of 3d light metals in enhancing the interfacial PMA has been less investigated.This study demonstrated that the insertion of a few atomic Cr layers into Pt/Co/Pt/Ta heterostructures with Cr between the 1 atomic Pt layer and the 3 nm Ta overlayer enhanced the effective PMA energy(K_(eff))by a factor of 4.First-principles calculations revealed that the underlying mechanism originated from Cr-Pt d-orbital hybridization,leading to a corresponding orbital redistribution and significantly increasing the magnetic anisotropy energy.The progressive reduction in the spin-orbit torque(SOT)efficiency with increasing Cr thickness might stem from the enhanced orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect at the Pt/Cr interface.Furthermore,the wedging of a few atomic Cr layers caused the robust field-free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization,which was due to the lateral PMA gradients enabled by the strong dependence of the PMA on the Cr thickness.The results provide a method for interfacial PMA enhancement by d-orbital hybridization of 3d–5d electrons and an alternative to field-free SOT switching towards low-power and high-density memory applications.展开更多
Let G be a group.The family of all sets which are closed in every Hausdorf group topology of G form the family of closed sets of a T_(1) topology M_(G) on G called the Markov topology.Similarly,the family of all algeb...Let G be a group.The family of all sets which are closed in every Hausdorf group topology of G form the family of closed sets of a T_(1) topology M_(G) on G called the Markov topology.Similarly,the family of all algebraic subsets of G forms a family of closed sets for another T_(1)topology Z_(G) on G called the Zarski topology.A subgroup H of G is said to be Markov(resp.Zarski)embedded if the equality M_(G|H)=M_(H)(resp.Z_(G|H)=Z_(H))holds.I's proved that an abirary subgroup of a free group is both Zariski and Markov embedded in it.展开更多
Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns...Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.展开更多
The dynamic behavior of high-speed craft navigating through variable sea states plays a pivotal role in ensuring maritime safety.However,many existing simulation approaches rely on linear or overly simplified represen...The dynamic behavior of high-speed craft navigating through variable sea states plays a pivotal role in ensuring maritime safety.However,many existing simulation approaches rely on linear or overly simplified representations of the marine environment,thereby limiting the fidelity of motion predictions.This study explores the motion characteristics of a 4.5-t high-speed vessel by conducting fully coupled numerical simulations using the STAR-CCM+software.The analysis considers both calm and varying sea conditions,incorporating fluctuations in wave height,wavelength,and wind speed to reflect more realistic operating scenarios.Simulation results reveal that the vessel’s hydrodynamic response is highly sensitive to changes in sea state.As conditions deteriorate,the free surface becomes increasingly complex,with higher wave amplitudes and more pronounced interactions between the waves generated by the vessel and those imposed by the external environment.These effects lead to significant increases in roll,pitch,heave,and sway motions,thereby imposing greater demands on the vessel’s dynamic stability and operational safety.Furthermore,both hydrodynamic resistance and propulsive thrust exhibit notable dependence on sea state and vessel speed.Total resistance generally increases with rougher sea conditions,while thrust tends to rise with increasing forward speed.Under calm or mildly disturbed waters,a Froude number(Fr)of 0.5 appears to offer an optimal balance for initiating and controlling primary motions such as roll,pitch,heave,and sway.Conversely,in more challenging conditions-such as those represented by a Sea State 3-effective motion control is better achieved at a higher Froude number of approximately 1.0.展开更多
In order to better describe the phenomenon of biological invasion,this paper introduces a free boundary model of biological invasion.Firstly,the right free boundary is added to the equation with logistic terms.Secondl...In order to better describe the phenomenon of biological invasion,this paper introduces a free boundary model of biological invasion.Firstly,the right free boundary is added to the equation with logistic terms.Secondly,the existence and uniqueness of local solutions are proved by the Sobolev embedding theorem and the comparison principle.Finally,according to the relevant research data and contents of red fire ants,the diffusion area and nest number of red fire ants were simulated without external disturbance.This paper mainly simulates the early diffusion process of red fire ants.In the early diffusion stage,red fire ants grow slowly and then spread over a large area after reaching a certain number.展开更多
The Makran Accretionary Prism is one of the largest accretionary prisms in the world and hosts substantial natural gas hydrate resources.However,research on the distribution characteristics and accumulation mechanisms...The Makran Accretionary Prism is one of the largest accretionary prisms in the world and hosts substantial natural gas hydrate resources.However,research on the distribution characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of free gas remains limited.This study identifies structural elements associated with free gas,such as thrust faults,piggyback basins,unconformities,and décollements,through detailed interpretation of newly acquired seismic data.Free gas reservoirs within piggyback basins are located in the folded zone of the accretionary prism,whereas unconformity-type and horizontal sandstone-type free gas reservoirs are identified in undeformed areas.In the folded zone,décollement,thrust faults,and permeable sand layers act as primary migration pathways for free gas,which accumulates in turbidite sands beneath bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)in piggyback basins.In the undeformed zone,free gas migrates along décollements and thrust faults into horizontal sandstones,where substantial accumulations are found near unconformities below BSRs.The distribution of free gas reservoirs across the study area is extensive and diverse.This study is the first to document unconformity-type and horizontal sandstone-type free gas reservoirs in the undeformed zone,highlighting their considerable resource potential.The findings are of substantial value for oil and gas exploration at the front of the accretionary prism and provide important theoretical and practical insights into natural gas accumulation systems along active continental margins.展开更多
Comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum(PG)has attracted much attention,especially for the recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)and gypsum due to the issues of stockpile,environmental pollution,and waste of associa...Comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum(PG)has attracted much attention,especially for the recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)and gypsum due to the issues of stockpile,environmental pollution,and waste of associated resources.Traditional utilization methods suffered the issues of low REEs leaching efficiency,huge amount of CaSO_(4)saturated wastewater and high recovery cost.To solve these issues,this study investigated the occurrence of REEs in PG and the leaching of REEs.The results show that REEs in PG are in the forms of(1)REEs mineral inclusions,(2)REEs isomorphous substitution of Ca^(2+)in gypsum lattice,(3)dispersed soluble REEs salts.Acid leaching results demonstrate that(1)the dissolution of gypsum matrix is the control factor of REEs leaching;(2)H_(2)SO_(4)is a promising leachant considering the recycle of leachate;(3)the gypsum matrix suffers a recrystallization during the acid leaching and releases the soluble REEs from PG to aqueous solution.For the recovery of the undissolved REEs mineral inclusions,wet sieving concentrated 37.1 wt%of the REEs in a 10.7 wt%mass,increasing REEs content from 309 to 1071 ppm.Finally,a green process combining gravity separation and hydrometallurgy is proposed.This process owns the merits of wastewater free,considerable REEs recovery(about 10%increase compared with traditional processes),excellent gypsum purification(>95 wt%CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,with<0.06 wt%of soluble P_(2)O_(5) and<0.015 wt%of soluble F)and reagent saving(about 2/3less reagent consumption than non-cyclical leaching).展开更多
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we weigh the advantages of taking on debt against the benefits of staying debt-free.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52405342 and 52175335)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3404201)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.N2302014 and N25ZJL003)the Natural Science Foundation Joint Foundation of Liaoning province(Grant No.2023-BSBA-108)the help provided by China FAW Foundry Co.,Ltd.
文摘The advancement of integrated die-casting technology calls for high-strength,high-ductility heat-treatment-free Al alloys.This study investigates the use of a new AlSiFeMnVTiSrZr heat-treatment-free die-casting alloy for shock tower manufacturing.Results show the alloy has excellent overall mechanical properties,but significant regional differences in microstructure and performance are found in the shock tower casting:Far-gate Position 6 has almost no externally solidified crystals(ESCs),whereas dense coarse dendritic ESCs exist in the center of near-gate Position 5.The fracture surface of Position 6 shows a steeper slope,while Position 5 has a rough crack propagation platform.Far-gate Position 6 also has higher porosity(nearly triple that of near-gate Region 5)and larger average pore size.Analysis reveals microstructural heterogeneity between near-and far-gate regions strongly influences mechanical performance.Notably,coarse dendritic ESCs in the near-gate region restrict grain boundary strengthening,leading to lower yield strength despite low porosity.Conversely,while fine grains in the far-gate region could enhance grain boundary strengthening,abundant porosity acts as crack initiation sites,severely reducing ductility.These findings provide theoretical guidance for evaluating integrated die-cast component performance.
文摘This study investigates the uncertain dynamic characterization of hybrid composite plates by employing advanced machine-assisted finite element methodologies.Hybrid composites,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and structural applications,often face variability in material properties,geometric configurations,and manufacturing processes,leading to uncertainty in their dynamic response.To address this,three surrogate-based machine learning approaches like radial basis function(RBF),multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS),and polynomial neural networks(PNN)are integrated with a finite element framework to efficiently capture the stochastic behavior of these plates.The research focuses on predicting the first three natural frequencies under material uncertainties,which are critical to ensuring structural reliability.Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)is used as a benchmark for generating probabilistic datasets,including mean values,standard deviations,and probability density functions.The surrogate models are then trained and validated against these datasets,enabling accurate representation of uncertainty with substantially fewer samples compared to conventionalMCS.Among the methods studied,the RBFmodel demonstrates superior performance,closely approximating MCS results with a reduced sample size,thereby achieving significant computational savings.The proposed framework not only reduces computational time and costs but also maintains high predictive accuracy,making it well-suited for complex engineering systems.Beyond free vibration analysis,the methodology can be extended to more sophisticated scenarios,such as forced vibration,damping effects,and nonlinear structural responses.Overall,this work presents a computationally efficient and robust approach for surrogate-based uncertainty quantification,advancing the analysis and design of hybrid composite structures under uncertainty.
基金Supported by the National Key Research Program(No.2024-1129-954-112)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372033)Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA24263054)。
文摘Alkali-free SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO with different SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratios was prepared by conventional melt quenching method.The glass network structure,thermodynamic properties and elastic modulus changes with SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)ratios were investigated using various techniques.It is found that when SiO_(2)is replaced by Al_(2)O_(3),the Q^(4) to Q^(3) transition of silicon-oxygen network decreases while the aluminum-oxygen network increases,which result in the transformation of Si-O-Si bonds to Si-O-Al bonds and an increase in glass network connectivity even though the intermolecular bond strength decreases.The glass transition temperature(T_(g))increases continuously,while the thermal expansion coefficient increases and high-temperature viscosity first decreases and then increases.Meanwhile,the elastic modulus values increase from 93 to 102 GPa.This indicates that the elastic modulus is mainly affected by packing factor and dissociation energy,and elements with higher packing factors and dissociation energies supplant those with lower values,resulting in increased rigidity within the glass.
基金funded by Nansha District Science and Technology Project(Grant Number.2024ZD008)funded by China Geological Survey(Grant number:No.DD20230066,DD20242659).
文摘As a controllable power generation method requiring no energy storage,Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)technology demonstrates characteristics of abundant reserves,low pollution,and round-the-clock stable operation.The free-standing cold-water pipe(CWP)in the system withstands various complex loads during operation,posing potential failure risks.To reveal the deformation and stress mechanisms of OTEC CWPs,this study first analyzes wave particle velocity and acceleration to determine wave loads at different water depths.Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model,a quasi-static load calculation model for OTEC CWPs was established.The governing equations were discretized using the finite difference method,and matrix equations were solved to analyze bending deformation,bending moments,and surface stresses at discrete points along the pipe.Results indicate that water depths within 50 m represent a critical zone where wave particle velocity,acceleration,and wave loads exhibit significant variations in harmonic patterns,while beyond 50 m depth wave loads decrease linearly.Ocean currents and surface wind-driven currents substantially influence the CWP’s lateral displacement.Considering the effect of clump weights,the maximum lateral displacement occurs at 600–800 m below sea level.Utilizing large-wall-thickness high-strength pipes at the top section significantly enhances the structural safety of the CWP system.
基金Task Contract for the 2022 Dongguan Social Development Science and Technology Project,Project Name:Clinical Study on the Protection of Corneal Endothelium by the Anterior Capsular Flap in LenSx Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery(Project No.:20221800901212)。
文摘Objective: To investigate whether attaching a free lens anterior capsular disc to the corneal endothelial surface during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can effectively reduce postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss. Methods: This prospective study included 97 cataract patients. Among them, 33 patients served as the experimental group, where a free lens anterior capsular disc was applied for corneal endothelial protection during FLACS. The remaining 64 patients formed the control group and underwent conventional FLACS. Changes in corneal endothelial cell density were compared between the two groups before surgery and one month postoperatively. Results: One month after surgery, corneal endothelial cell counts in both groups were lower than preoperative levels. However, the experimental group exhibited higher corneal endothelial cell counts than the control group, with a smaller reduction in cell counts (p < 0.05). The corneal endothelial cell loss rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group one month postoperatively (p < 0.05). At the one-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in LogMAR visual acuity or non-contact intraocular pressure between the two groups compared to preoperative values (p > 0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of LogMAR visual acuity, non-contact intraocular pressure, improvements in LogMAR visual acuity, or changes in non-contact intraocular pressure (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Attaching a free lens anterior capsular disc to the corneal endothelial surface during FLACS can effectively reduce intraoperative corneal endothelial cell loss.
文摘The remarkable mechanical and physical characteristics of functionally graded(FG)graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM)structures,including their high strength-to-weight ratio,tunable stiffness and strength,and negative Poisson's ratio(NPR),have demonstrated significant promise for a range of engineering applications.This paper aims to investigate the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate with rectangular and elliptical planform and resting on Kerr-elastic foundation in thermal environment.Within the framework of the higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT),von Kármán assumption,modified couple stress theory(MCST)and by employing Hamilton's principle the nonlinear governing equations of motion are established.By combining an iterative technique with a displacement control strategy,an isogeometric analysis(IGA)approach used to determine the nonlinearity in free vibration,as measured by the nonlinear frequency ratio associated with the center deflection amplitude.The effects of GOri distribution patterns,weight fraction,length-scale parameter,temperature difference,skew-angle,and micro-plate dimensions on the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of the FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate are revealed through a thorough parametric study.This result can be applied in studies on the design of micro-electro-mechanical devices operating in various complex environments and conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376204,22076201 and 92143201)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB0750400,XDB0750100 and XDB0750000)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019 QZKK0605).
文摘Halogens are common in industrial thermal processes and can induce formation of toxic organic pollutants.Currently,the specific effects of coexisting halogens on toxic pollutant formation are unclear.In this study,we found the boosting effects of halogens on organic pollutants formation during thermal processes.In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to distinguish the organic free radical intermediates of organic pollutants during thermal processes.The pure chlorine-containing reaction system dominantly induce the formation of highly chlorinated phenoxy radicals,whereas the pure bromine-containing reaction system induce the formation of semiquinone radicals.The results provide clear evidence for the molecular mechanisms by which halogen coexistence boosts pollutants formation.Coexisting halogens made the reactions much more complex.Bromine atom radicals(Br·)can enhance the level of active chlorine atoms radicals(Cl·),then(1)facilitating highly chlorinated organic radicals and toxic pollutants formation,(2)activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecules for subsequent ring growth and(3)accelerating oxidation reactions.Combining the identification of organic free radical intermediates and characteristics of products,detailed mechanisms of halogens on the formations of organic pollutants during thermal-related processes were clarified,which can be helpful for their efficient control in the widespread bromines and chlorines co-existence reaction system.
文摘Since the launch of island-wide special customs operations at Hainan Free Trade Port(Hainan FTP),the proportion of “zero-tariff”imported goods has increased significantly from 21 to 74 percent, and high-quality goods from Southeast Asia can enter Hainan at a more competitive price. If goods contain imported materials and achieve at least 30 percent added value through local processing,they can enter the Chinese mainland market with an exemption from import tariffs, effectively gaining market access across China.
文摘The world economy is now in a period of indepth adjustment.The intensification of geopolitical conflicts,a rise of trade protectionism,and reconfiguration of global supply chains have prompted all countries to re-examine their openness to trade amid rising uncertainties.Against this backdrop,China’s continuing commitment to promoting higherlevel opening up and building the Hainan Free Trade Port(Hainan FTP)has distinct contemporary significance and strategic value.
文摘The dedicated freight channel at the Youyiguan Border Gate in south China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region buzzes with activity as trucks loaded with export goods move steadily through customs.Thanks to a system upgraded at the start of 2026,clearance personnel at this China-Vietnam crossing simply place an order online,and the entire process is handled almost instantly via an intelligent platform.Adding to the efficiency,the border gate also features dedicated lanes that support driverless container trucks.
基金funding from Grant No. HIDSS-0002 DASHH (Data Science in Hamburg-Helmholtz Graduate School for the Structure of Matter)partially supported by the Helmholtz Imaging platform through the project “Smart Phase.”
文摘Understanding the complex plasma dynamics in ultra-intense relativistic laser-solid interactions is of fundamental importance for applications of laser-plasma-based particle accelerators,the creation of high-energy-density matter,understanding planetary science,and laser-driven fusion energy.However,experimental efforts in this regime have been limited by the lack of accessibility of over-critical densities and the poor spatiotemporal resolution of conventional diagnostics.Over the last decade,the advent of femtosecond brilliant hard X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)has opened new horizons to overcome these limitations.Here,for the first time,we present full-scale spatiotemporal measurements of solid-density plasma dynamics,including preplasma generation with tens of nanometer scale length driven by the leading edge of a relativistic laser pulse,ultrafast heating and ionization at the main pulse arrival,the laser-driven blast wave,and transient surface return current-induced compression dynamics up to hundreds of picoseconds after interaction.These observations are enabled by utilizing a novel combination of advanced X-ray diagnostics including small-angle X-ray scattering,resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy,and propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging simultaneously at the European XFEL-HED beamline station.
基金supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (Grant No.2022C01053)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62293493)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.LQ21A050001)。
文摘The enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)is critical for the continuous growth of magnetic memory density.Material systems that possess high interfacial PMA typically involve strong spin-orbit coupling(SOC)or transition metal/oxide interfaces.In contrast,the role of 3d light metals in enhancing the interfacial PMA has been less investigated.This study demonstrated that the insertion of a few atomic Cr layers into Pt/Co/Pt/Ta heterostructures with Cr between the 1 atomic Pt layer and the 3 nm Ta overlayer enhanced the effective PMA energy(K_(eff))by a factor of 4.First-principles calculations revealed that the underlying mechanism originated from Cr-Pt d-orbital hybridization,leading to a corresponding orbital redistribution and significantly increasing the magnetic anisotropy energy.The progressive reduction in the spin-orbit torque(SOT)efficiency with increasing Cr thickness might stem from the enhanced orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect at the Pt/Cr interface.Furthermore,the wedging of a few atomic Cr layers caused the robust field-free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization,which was due to the lateral PMA gradients enabled by the strong dependence of the PMA on the Cr thickness.The results provide a method for interfacial PMA enhancement by d-orbital hybridization of 3d–5d electrons and an alternative to field-free SOT switching towards low-power and high-density memory applications.
基金Supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(20K03615)。
文摘Let G be a group.The family of all sets which are closed in every Hausdorf group topology of G form the family of closed sets of a T_(1) topology M_(G) on G called the Markov topology.Similarly,the family of all algebraic subsets of G forms a family of closed sets for another T_(1)topology Z_(G) on G called the Zarski topology.A subgroup H of G is said to be Markov(resp.Zarski)embedded if the equality M_(G|H)=M_(H)(resp.Z_(G|H)=Z_(H))holds.I's proved that an abirary subgroup of a free group is both Zariski and Markov embedded in it.
基金result of the“Research on ESG Supply Chain Governance and Labor Rights Protection”(Project Number SUFE-ESG-20250315)a general subject project of the Fullgoal Institute for ESG Research,SUFE in 2025.
文摘Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.
基金funded by the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202411646031)the Zhejiang Xinmiao Talents Program(2024R405A052)the SRIP Research Program of Ningbo University(2025SRIP1707).
文摘The dynamic behavior of high-speed craft navigating through variable sea states plays a pivotal role in ensuring maritime safety.However,many existing simulation approaches rely on linear or overly simplified representations of the marine environment,thereby limiting the fidelity of motion predictions.This study explores the motion characteristics of a 4.5-t high-speed vessel by conducting fully coupled numerical simulations using the STAR-CCM+software.The analysis considers both calm and varying sea conditions,incorporating fluctuations in wave height,wavelength,and wind speed to reflect more realistic operating scenarios.Simulation results reveal that the vessel’s hydrodynamic response is highly sensitive to changes in sea state.As conditions deteriorate,the free surface becomes increasingly complex,with higher wave amplitudes and more pronounced interactions between the waves generated by the vessel and those imposed by the external environment.These effects lead to significant increases in roll,pitch,heave,and sway motions,thereby imposing greater demands on the vessel’s dynamic stability and operational safety.Furthermore,both hydrodynamic resistance and propulsive thrust exhibit notable dependence on sea state and vessel speed.Total resistance generally increases with rougher sea conditions,while thrust tends to rise with increasing forward speed.Under calm or mildly disturbed waters,a Froude number(Fr)of 0.5 appears to offer an optimal balance for initiating and controlling primary motions such as roll,pitch,heave,and sway.Conversely,in more challenging conditions-such as those represented by a Sea State 3-effective motion control is better achieved at a higher Froude number of approximately 1.0.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12101482)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2022M722604)+2 种基金General Project of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province(2023-YBSF-372)The Natural Science Foundation of Shaan Xi Province(2023-JCQN-0016)Shannxi Mathmatical Basic Science Research Project(23JSQ042)。
文摘In order to better describe the phenomenon of biological invasion,this paper introduces a free boundary model of biological invasion.Firstly,the right free boundary is added to the equation with logistic terms.Secondly,the existence and uniqueness of local solutions are proved by the Sobolev embedding theorem and the comparison principle.Finally,according to the relevant research data and contents of red fire ants,the diffusion area and nest number of red fire ants were simulated without external disturbance.This paper mainly simulates the early diffusion process of red fire ants.In the early diffusion stage,red fire ants grow slowly and then spread over a large area after reaching a certain number.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076069,41406080)the Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.LSKJ202203401)the China Geological Survey Project(Nos.DD20190581,DD20160155)。
文摘The Makran Accretionary Prism is one of the largest accretionary prisms in the world and hosts substantial natural gas hydrate resources.However,research on the distribution characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of free gas remains limited.This study identifies structural elements associated with free gas,such as thrust faults,piggyback basins,unconformities,and décollements,through detailed interpretation of newly acquired seismic data.Free gas reservoirs within piggyback basins are located in the folded zone of the accretionary prism,whereas unconformity-type and horizontal sandstone-type free gas reservoirs are identified in undeformed areas.In the folded zone,décollement,thrust faults,and permeable sand layers act as primary migration pathways for free gas,which accumulates in turbidite sands beneath bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)in piggyback basins.In the undeformed zone,free gas migrates along décollements and thrust faults into horizontal sandstones,where substantial accumulations are found near unconformities below BSRs.The distribution of free gas reservoirs across the study area is extensive and diverse.This study is the first to document unconformity-type and horizontal sandstone-type free gas reservoirs in the undeformed zone,highlighting their considerable resource potential.The findings are of substantial value for oil and gas exploration at the front of the accretionary prism and provide important theoretical and practical insights into natural gas accumulation systems along active continental margins.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104354)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674036)+1 种基金Joint Fund for Nuclear Technology Innovation Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe China National Nuclear Corporation(U2067201)。
文摘Comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum(PG)has attracted much attention,especially for the recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)and gypsum due to the issues of stockpile,environmental pollution,and waste of associated resources.Traditional utilization methods suffered the issues of low REEs leaching efficiency,huge amount of CaSO_(4)saturated wastewater and high recovery cost.To solve these issues,this study investigated the occurrence of REEs in PG and the leaching of REEs.The results show that REEs in PG are in the forms of(1)REEs mineral inclusions,(2)REEs isomorphous substitution of Ca^(2+)in gypsum lattice,(3)dispersed soluble REEs salts.Acid leaching results demonstrate that(1)the dissolution of gypsum matrix is the control factor of REEs leaching;(2)H_(2)SO_(4)is a promising leachant considering the recycle of leachate;(3)the gypsum matrix suffers a recrystallization during the acid leaching and releases the soluble REEs from PG to aqueous solution.For the recovery of the undissolved REEs mineral inclusions,wet sieving concentrated 37.1 wt%of the REEs in a 10.7 wt%mass,increasing REEs content from 309 to 1071 ppm.Finally,a green process combining gravity separation and hydrometallurgy is proposed.This process owns the merits of wastewater free,considerable REEs recovery(about 10%increase compared with traditional processes),excellent gypsum purification(>95 wt%CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,with<0.06 wt%of soluble P_(2)O_(5) and<0.015 wt%of soluble F)and reagent saving(about 2/3less reagent consumption than non-cyclical leaching).
