On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked def...On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked deftly at the stove,his hands moving swiftly over the scorching iron wok as tender green tea leaves dance between his fingers.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and ...A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and subjective feedback before and after using the fragranced products.The results showed that both the alpha and theta band activities of the participants increased significantly after using body washes,especially in the occipito-parietal and frontal area of brain,indicating that their brains were at a higher level of stability and relaxation.Meanwhile,in terms of subjective evaluation,the participants’ subjective feelings such as calmness,relaxation,tranquility,and calmness were significantly enhanced.This study has revealed the efficacy of fragranced products in improving mood and is expected to provide support for the development and application of fragranced products.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture has a long history and has played an important role in scientific theories and practices,showing its unique advantages in epidemic prevention,control and treatment.The state ha...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture has a long history and has played an important role in scientific theories and practices,showing its unique advantages in epidemic prevention,control and treatment.The state has made great efforts to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage,but in the actual protection process,it is affected by subjective and objective factors,which has hindered the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage to a certain extent.Under the guidance of TCM theories,medicinal fragrance is used in disease prevention and treatment,health preservation and other aspects.As a lost pearl among TCM techniques,the craftsmanship of making medicinal fragrance is facing many problems in inheritance and development,which need to be solved urgently.Based on the above background,this paper takes the protection and inheritance of TCM culture as the starting point,selects the intangible cultural heritage of medicinal fragrance as the research content,shows the cultural charm of intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance to the audience,enables more audiences to understand intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance and TCM culture,and makes the relevant content of TCM culture closer to people's daily life.It aims to enhance the public's sense of identity with TCM culture,thereby promoting the inheritance and development of TCM culture.展开更多
High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of ...High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.展开更多
Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic ...Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.展开更多
Fragrance pig is a famous miniature local breed in China,which is similar to human on the aspects of physical structure,anatomy,nutrition,metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. The internal organs of Congjiang f...Fragrance pig is a famous miniature local breed in China,which is similar to human on the aspects of physical structure,anatomy,nutrition,metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. The internal organs of Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig with different month ages were weighed. The results showed that the proportion of stomach in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was higher than that in Min pig,Harbin white and Landrace,and the proportion of large intestine in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was also higher than that in ordinary pigs; the weights of heart,liver and kidney in 8- 10 months old Congjiang fragrance pig were similar to that in Chinese adults. This provided reference data for future in-depth development and utilization of fragrance pig.展开更多
A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based...A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.展开更多
Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has...Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.展开更多
Fragranced products are wildly used in our daily life. However, their storage, application and quality are severely influenced by their strong volatility. In order to overcome these natural defects of fragrances,fragr...Fragranced products are wildly used in our daily life. However, their storage, application and quality are severely influenced by their strong volatility. In order to overcome these natural defects of fragrances,fragrance encapsulation approaches have been developed recently. In this study, a mild, simple and lowcost method of fragrance encapsulation was invented. Liposomes composed of soya lecithin/DSPEPEG2000/PLGA were prepared to encapsulate lily fragrance(LF). And these nanosized fragrance products was named LF-NPs. The hydrodynamic diameters of LF-NPs were approximately 100 nm and their encapsulation efficiency was up to 21.9%. Besides, LF-NPs could also prolong the release time of lily fragrance. Finally, the cytotoxicity tests indicated that LF-NPs offered biocompatibility. Therefore, LF-NPs were expected to have application prospects.展开更多
The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifi...The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifically, our purpose was to study human physiological responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇ and Rosa ＇Escimo＇. The participants were 31 college students. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature （FT） and galvanic skin response （GSR） were measured. The results show that the fragrance of Rosa ＇Escimo＇ causes the diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the participants to reduce significantly. The average decrease was 0.37 kPa and 2.23 beats per minute, which indicates that sympathetic nervous activity increases, physiological arousal decreases and emotional alleviation occurs. Furthermore, the GSR of participants significantly increased by smelling the fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇, indicating that both sympathetic nervous activity and physiological arousal increased. But the data could not prove that flower fragrance stimulation has an effect on changes in systolic pressure and finger temperature. Some other factors, such as basic emotion and weather, may have an effect.展开更多
Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1...Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1H NMR and IR spectra of allthe compounds were determined, MS spectra of some of them were obtained as well.The characteristic odors were evaluated.Keywords Fragrance raw materials,α-Terpineol analogues, Synthesis, Structuredetermination展开更多
Silica aerogel with different hydrophilicities were prepared from tetramethoxysilane,Methymethoxysilane,tetramethoxysilane-propyltrimethoxysilane,or tetramethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane mixtures via supercritical...Silica aerogel with different hydrophilicities were prepared from tetramethoxysilane,Methymethoxysilane,tetramethoxysilane-propyltrimethoxysilane,or tetramethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane mixtures via supercritical drying process(labelled as TMOS-AG Me-TMOS-AG,Pr-TMOS-AG,or Ph-TMOS-AG,respectively).Three fragrances,including geraniol,ethyl vanillin,and menthol,were loaded to TMOS-AG.The thermal analysis confirmed all loading fragrances are stable until over 200℃.And among all fragrances,geraniol presented the maximum loading contents(L_(m)).Concentration dependences indicated the geraniol was mono layer absorbed.Py-GC/MS of geraniol in TMOS-AG under both N_(2)and mimic air atmosphere(90%N_(2)and 10%O_(2))confirmed that loaded geraniol could be thermally controlled-released beginning at 200℃.As N_(2)absorption confirmed,even absorption/desorption equilibrium constant(k)was determined mainly by hydrophilicity of silica aerogels,and the maximum loading contents(L_(m))were influenced more by the pore size.Due to mono layered absorption,bigger pores usually give less specific areas and less absorbing sites for geraniol,and then present lower L_(m).展开更多
1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were...1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were synthesized. Structures of the nineteen new compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS. Their odors are evaluated.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to determine the weight range of fragrance pigs suitable for processing small ham. [ Method ] In terms of differences in sensory state and physical and chemical indicators of hams produced ...[ Objective ] The paper was to determine the weight range of fragrance pigs suitable for processing small ham. [ Method ] In terms of differences in sensory state and physical and chemical indicators of hams produced by fragrance pigs with different weights, 29 fragrance pigs at five weight grades were chosen and processed in accordance with Chinese ham processing methods. The products were evaluated by sense, and their salt and moisture contents were also measured. [Result] The fragTance pigs less than 30 kg were not suitable for making Chinese ham, while the fragrance pigs weighed 32 -45 kg could be made into the ham with prominent flavor, beautiful appearance, good color, moderate taste, and suitable moisture content, of which the pigs weighed 40 -45 kg were the best materials for processing small ham. [ Conclusion] The study provided scientific basis for industrial development of fragrance pig.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to determine whether the germplasm resources of Congjiang fragrance pig had changed over the past 30 years. [Method]The growth development and reproductive performance of 100 pigs from six to...[Objective] The paper was to determine whether the germplasm resources of Congjiang fragrance pig had changed over the past 30 years. [Method]The growth development and reproductive performance of 100 pigs from six towns in central fragrance pig producing area and Congjiang fragrance pig stock seed farm were measured,and further compared with the data in Guizhou Livestock and Poultry Breeds 1986. [Result]The growth and development status was basically consistent,and the average litter size was at a downward trend: the first litter decreased by 26. 2%; the second litter decreased by 7. 0%; the third litter decreased by8. 55%. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for vigorous promotion of Congjiang fragrance pig in industrial development process,acceleration of breeding pace,gradual updating of farming breeds by farmers and improvement of production efficiency of fragrance pig.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study the genetic background of four unique types of fragrance pigs in China. [ Method ] Using 27 pairs of micmsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization （...[ Objective] The paper was to study the genetic background of four unique types of fragrance pigs in China. [ Method ] Using 27 pairs of micmsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization （FAO） and International Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, we detected the genotypes of 200 fragrance individuals belonging to four types （Jiuyang fragrance pig, Jianbai fragrance pig, Cangjiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig）, and analyzed their inter-and intra-breed genetic variations. Clustering analysis was also conducted using neighbor-joining （NJ） method and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA）. [ Result] The genetic relationship between Congiiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig was the closest, followed by the ge- netic relationship between Jiuyang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig; the genetic distance between Jianbai fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig was the farthest, which was consistent with their geographic distribution, ecological environment and body physical characteristics. Clustering resuhs showed that Jiuyang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig clustered into one class, while Congjiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig clustered into another class. [ Conclu- sion] The study laid the foundation for quantitative trait loci positioning of good genes of these breeds and implementation of genetic marker-assisted selection.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparab...This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparaben were added to Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrance concentrates, and fermented with or without the additiorl of extra microbial strains. The aroma components in the fermented samples were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） assay. The results showed that ethylparaben had good antimicrobial activity on the microorganism in Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrances, and as it significantly inhibited the growth of Sac- charomyces sp. Aeetobacter sp. , Agrobacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. , with an inhibition rate of 53%. Under natural fermentation condition, 91. 885% of the micro- organisms were inhibited by adding 0. 1 g/kg ethylparaben, 97.69% were inhibited by adding 0.3 g/kg ethylparaben, and 100% were inhibited by adding 0.5 g/kg ethylparaben. Moreover, the addition of ethylparaben had no obvious influence on the aroma components of the favoring agents and fragrances. So, it carl be used as a preservative for the quality control of favoring agents and fragrances for cigarette production.展开更多
The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary ca...The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary categories of the so-called accessible luxury consumed by a middle class that is seeking to approach the upper classes by copying their lifestyle. Despite the importance of this market, there is relatively little literature existing in regards to the study of the image of luxury brands due to the complexity of the luxury phenomenon. This article presents the results of an initial qualitative study conducted on focus groups of luxury fragrance consumers, making it possible to identify the types of attributes to be considered when studying the brand image of said luxury products. Subsequently, a quantitative study was conducted in order to determine the perceived image of the principle luxury fragrance brands by consumers. Thanks to this study, it has been possible to determine the typical profile of each of the analyzed brands so that a subsequent comparison may be made with the advertising created by said brands in order to verify whether or not the image projected in their advertising corresponds with the perceived image of their target audience.展开更多
Mental and physical stress can affect people's self-confidence and happiness.The primary objective of this study is to develop an active fragrance that has been proved to have a positive effect on happiness and se...Mental and physical stress can affect people's self-confidence and happiness.The primary objective of this study is to develop an active fragrance that has been proved to have a positive effect on happiness and self-confidence based on the latest research results of aroma components and fragrance innovation.The active fragrance is applied to the cream formula to study the emotions it brings to the user and extend the research scope of the active emotion to the close and extensive social circle of users to see whether it can perceive it.This study provides a reference cosmetic solution for emotional regulating active fragrance.展开更多
文摘On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked deftly at the stove,his hands moving swiftly over the scorching iron wok as tender green tea leaves dance between his fingers.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
文摘A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and subjective feedback before and after using the fragranced products.The results showed that both the alpha and theta band activities of the participants increased significantly after using body washes,especially in the occipito-parietal and frontal area of brain,indicating that their brains were at a higher level of stability and relaxation.Meanwhile,in terms of subjective evaluation,the participants’ subjective feelings such as calmness,relaxation,tranquility,and calmness were significantly enhanced.This study has revealed the efficacy of fragranced products in improving mood and is expected to provide support for the development and application of fragranced products.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture has a long history and has played an important role in scientific theories and practices,showing its unique advantages in epidemic prevention,control and treatment.The state has made great efforts to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage,but in the actual protection process,it is affected by subjective and objective factors,which has hindered the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage to a certain extent.Under the guidance of TCM theories,medicinal fragrance is used in disease prevention and treatment,health preservation and other aspects.As a lost pearl among TCM techniques,the craftsmanship of making medicinal fragrance is facing many problems in inheritance and development,which need to be solved urgently.Based on the above background,this paper takes the protection and inheritance of TCM culture as the starting point,selects the intangible cultural heritage of medicinal fragrance as the research content,shows the cultural charm of intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance to the audience,enables more audiences to understand intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance and TCM culture,and makes the relevant content of TCM culture closer to people's daily life.It aims to enhance the public's sense of identity with TCM culture,thereby promoting the inheritance and development of TCM culture.
文摘High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2016YFA0200303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.L172046,2192057)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31771095,21875254 and 51573188)。
文摘Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.
文摘Fragrance pig is a famous miniature local breed in China,which is similar to human on the aspects of physical structure,anatomy,nutrition,metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. The internal organs of Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig with different month ages were weighed. The results showed that the proportion of stomach in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was higher than that in Min pig,Harbin white and Landrace,and the proportion of large intestine in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was also higher than that in ordinary pigs; the weights of heart,liver and kidney in 8- 10 months old Congjiang fragrance pig were similar to that in Chinese adults. This provided reference data for future in-depth development and utilization of fragrance pig.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21466016,21577053)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2016FB024).
文摘A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.
基金supported by the Beijing High-Precision Discipline Project,Discipline of Ecological Environment of Urban and Rural Human Settlements and the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000400)。
文摘Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFA0200303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No. 2164071)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31522023,31771095, and 51573188)the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(No. 2161100002616015)
文摘Fragranced products are wildly used in our daily life. However, their storage, application and quality are severely influenced by their strong volatility. In order to overcome these natural defects of fragrances,fragrance encapsulation approaches have been developed recently. In this study, a mild, simple and lowcost method of fragrance encapsulation was invented. Liposomes composed of soya lecithin/DSPEPEG2000/PLGA were prepared to encapsulate lily fragrance(LF). And these nanosized fragrance products was named LF-NPs. The hydrodynamic diameters of LF-NPs were approximately 100 nm and their encapsulation efficiency was up to 21.9%. Besides, LF-NPs could also prolong the release time of lily fragrance. Finally, the cytotoxicity tests indicated that LF-NPs offered biocompatibility. Therefore, LF-NPs were expected to have application prospects.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China (2006BAD07B09)
文摘The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifically, our purpose was to study human physiological responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇ and Rosa ＇Escimo＇. The participants were 31 college students. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature （FT） and galvanic skin response （GSR） were measured. The results show that the fragrance of Rosa ＇Escimo＇ causes the diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the participants to reduce significantly. The average decrease was 0.37 kPa and 2.23 beats per minute, which indicates that sympathetic nervous activity increases, physiological arousal decreases and emotional alleviation occurs. Furthermore, the GSR of participants significantly increased by smelling the fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇, indicating that both sympathetic nervous activity and physiological arousal increased. But the data could not prove that flower fragrance stimulation has an effect on changes in systolic pressure and finger temperature. Some other factors, such as basic emotion and weather, may have an effect.
文摘Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1H NMR and IR spectra of allthe compounds were determined, MS spectra of some of them were obtained as well.The characteristic odors were evaluated.Keywords Fragrance raw materials,α-Terpineol analogues, Synthesis, Structuredetermination
文摘Silica aerogel with different hydrophilicities were prepared from tetramethoxysilane,Methymethoxysilane,tetramethoxysilane-propyltrimethoxysilane,or tetramethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane mixtures via supercritical drying process(labelled as TMOS-AG Me-TMOS-AG,Pr-TMOS-AG,or Ph-TMOS-AG,respectively).Three fragrances,including geraniol,ethyl vanillin,and menthol,were loaded to TMOS-AG.The thermal analysis confirmed all loading fragrances are stable until over 200℃.And among all fragrances,geraniol presented the maximum loading contents(L_(m)).Concentration dependences indicated the geraniol was mono layer absorbed.Py-GC/MS of geraniol in TMOS-AG under both N_(2)and mimic air atmosphere(90%N_(2)and 10%O_(2))confirmed that loaded geraniol could be thermally controlled-released beginning at 200℃.As N_(2)absorption confirmed,even absorption/desorption equilibrium constant(k)was determined mainly by hydrophilicity of silica aerogels,and the maximum loading contents(L_(m))were influenced more by the pore size.Due to mono layered absorption,bigger pores usually give less specific areas and less absorbing sites for geraniol,and then present lower L_(m).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were synthesized. Structures of the nineteen new compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS. Their odors are evaluated.
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to determine the weight range of fragrance pigs suitable for processing small ham. [ Method ] In terms of differences in sensory state and physical and chemical indicators of hams produced by fragrance pigs with different weights, 29 fragrance pigs at five weight grades were chosen and processed in accordance with Chinese ham processing methods. The products were evaluated by sense, and their salt and moisture contents were also measured. [Result] The fragTance pigs less than 30 kg were not suitable for making Chinese ham, while the fragrance pigs weighed 32 -45 kg could be made into the ham with prominent flavor, beautiful appearance, good color, moderate taste, and suitable moisture content, of which the pigs weighed 40 -45 kg were the best materials for processing small ham. [ Conclusion] The study provided scientific basis for industrial development of fragrance pig.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to determine whether the germplasm resources of Congjiang fragrance pig had changed over the past 30 years. [Method]The growth development and reproductive performance of 100 pigs from six towns in central fragrance pig producing area and Congjiang fragrance pig stock seed farm were measured,and further compared with the data in Guizhou Livestock and Poultry Breeds 1986. [Result]The growth and development status was basically consistent,and the average litter size was at a downward trend: the first litter decreased by 26. 2%; the second litter decreased by 7. 0%; the third litter decreased by8. 55%. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for vigorous promotion of Congjiang fragrance pig in industrial development process,acceleration of breeding pace,gradual updating of farming breeds by farmers and improvement of production efficiency of fragrance pig.
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the genetic background of four unique types of fragrance pigs in China. [ Method ] Using 27 pairs of micmsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization （FAO） and International Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, we detected the genotypes of 200 fragrance individuals belonging to four types （Jiuyang fragrance pig, Jianbai fragrance pig, Cangjiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig）, and analyzed their inter-and intra-breed genetic variations. Clustering analysis was also conducted using neighbor-joining （NJ） method and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA）. [ Result] The genetic relationship between Congiiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig was the closest, followed by the ge- netic relationship between Jiuyang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig; the genetic distance between Jianbai fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig was the farthest, which was consistent with their geographic distribution, ecological environment and body physical characteristics. Clustering resuhs showed that Jiuyang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig clustered into one class, while Congjiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig clustered into another class. [ Conclu- sion] The study laid the foundation for quantitative trait loci positioning of good genes of these breeds and implementation of genetic marker-assisted selection.
基金Supported by the Project of the Key Laboratory of Cigarette Flavoring Components Research of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd(2015539200340278)
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparaben were added to Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrance concentrates, and fermented with or without the additiorl of extra microbial strains. The aroma components in the fermented samples were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） assay. The results showed that ethylparaben had good antimicrobial activity on the microorganism in Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrances, and as it significantly inhibited the growth of Sac- charomyces sp. Aeetobacter sp. , Agrobacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. , with an inhibition rate of 53%. Under natural fermentation condition, 91. 885% of the micro- organisms were inhibited by adding 0. 1 g/kg ethylparaben, 97.69% were inhibited by adding 0.3 g/kg ethylparaben, and 100% were inhibited by adding 0.5 g/kg ethylparaben. Moreover, the addition of ethylparaben had no obvious influence on the aroma components of the favoring agents and fragrances. So, it carl be used as a preservative for the quality control of favoring agents and fragrances for cigarette production.
文摘The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary categories of the so-called accessible luxury consumed by a middle class that is seeking to approach the upper classes by copying their lifestyle. Despite the importance of this market, there is relatively little literature existing in regards to the study of the image of luxury brands due to the complexity of the luxury phenomenon. This article presents the results of an initial qualitative study conducted on focus groups of luxury fragrance consumers, making it possible to identify the types of attributes to be considered when studying the brand image of said luxury products. Subsequently, a quantitative study was conducted in order to determine the perceived image of the principle luxury fragrance brands by consumers. Thanks to this study, it has been possible to determine the typical profile of each of the analyzed brands so that a subsequent comparison may be made with the advertising created by said brands in order to verify whether or not the image projected in their advertising corresponds with the perceived image of their target audience.
文摘Mental and physical stress can affect people's self-confidence and happiness.The primary objective of this study is to develop an active fragrance that has been proved to have a positive effect on happiness and self-confidence based on the latest research results of aroma components and fragrance innovation.The active fragrance is applied to the cream formula to study the emotions it brings to the user and extend the research scope of the active emotion to the close and extensive social circle of users to see whether it can perceive it.This study provides a reference cosmetic solution for emotional regulating active fragrance.
