Founder events influence recessive diseases in highly endogamous populations.Several Indian populations have experienced significant founder events due to strict endogamy.However,the clinical implications of it remain...Founder events influence recessive diseases in highly endogamous populations.Several Indian populations have experienced significant founder events due to strict endogamy.However,the clinical implications of it remain underexplored.Therefore,we perform whole-exome sequencing of 281 individuals from four South Indian populations,characterized by high IBD scores.Our study reveals a high inbreeding rate of 59%across the populations.We identify∼29.2%of the variants that are exclusively present in a single population and uncover 1284 unreported exonic variants,underscoring the underrepresentation of Indian populations in global databases.Among these,23 are predicted to be deleterious,all of which are present in a heterozygous state;they may be pathogenic when homozygous,an expected phenomenon in endogamous populations.Approximately 16%-33%of the identified pathogenic variants showed significantly higher occurrence rates compared with the South Asian populations from 1000 Genomes dataset.Pharmacogenomic analysis revealed distinct allele frequencies of variants in CYP450 and non-CYP450 genes,highlighting heterogeneous drug responses and associated risks.We report a high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in Reddy population,linked to the HLA-B∗27:04 allele and strong founder effect.Our findings highlight the need for extensive genomic research in understudied Indian populations for a better understanding of disease risk and evolving strategies for precision and preventive medicine.展开更多
Founder parents have contributed significantly to the improvement of wheat breeding and production. In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of founder parents and widely planted cultivars, Mazhamai(M), Biy...Founder parents have contributed significantly to the improvement of wheat breeding and production. In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of founder parents and widely planted cultivars, Mazhamai(M), Biyumai(B) and six sibling lines(BM1–6) derived from the cross M×B were phenotyped for eight yield-related traits over multiple years and locations and genotyped using the the wheat 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) assay. BM4 has been used as a founder parent, and BM1 has been widely planted, whereas BM2, 3, 5, and 6 have not been used extensively for breeding or planting in China. Phenotypic comparisons revealed that BM4 and BM1 displayed a better overall performance than the other sibling lines. BM1 showed higher thousand-grain weight than BM4, whereas BM4 exhibited lower coefficient of variation for most of the yield-related traits across different years and locations, indicating that BM4 was widely adaptable and more stable in different environments. SNP analysis revealed that BM4 and BM1 inherited similar proportions of the M genome but are dissimilar to BM2, 3, 5, and 6. Both BM1 and BM4 have specific alleles that differ from the other BM lines, and most of these alleles are concentrated in specific chromosomal regions that are found to associate with favorable QTLs, these SNPs and their surrounding regions may carry the genetic determinants important for the superior performance of the two lines. But BM4 has more genetic diversity than BM1 with more specific alleles and pleiotropic regions, indicating that the genome of BM4 may be more complex than the other sibling lines and has more favorable gene resources. Our results provide valuable information that can be used to select elite parents for wheat and self-pollinating crop breeding.展开更多
Sexual isolation resulting from differences in mate choice behaviors is a hallmark of rapidly-speciating lineages. When present, asymmetrical sexual isolation may provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for t...Sexual isolation resulting from differences in mate choice behaviors is a hallmark of rapidly-speciating lineages. When present, asymmetrical sexual isolation may provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for the evolutionary change in mate signaling traits. In particular, Kaneshiro＇s hypothesis suggests that divergence in sexual characters between populations may arise in allopatry when ＇derived＇ founding populations are subject to severe population bottlenecks, accompanied by a relaxation of sexual selection relative to ＇ancestral＇ source populations. In the present study, we tested predictions of asymmetrical sexual isolation between two allopatric species of Hawaiian Laupala crickets, representing ＇ancestral＇ （L. makaio） and ＇derived＇ （L. nigra） taxa. While crickets in this genus are notable for rapid divergence of male courtship songs, these species share similar song types, thus suggesting that patterns of sexual isolation are likely due to other mating cues. Analysis of behavioral responses in conspeci- fic and heterospecific ＇no-choice＇ mating trials revealed pronounced asymmetrical isolation in the direction predicted by Kane- shiro＇s hypothesis, wherein we observed a significant reduction in mating success for crosses involving ＇derived＇ males paired with ＇ancestral＇ females, compared to the reciprocal heterospecific and both conspecific pairings. Further dissection of courtship behaviors suggested this difference did not reflect male mate choice, but rather, marked reduced spermatophore acceptance rates by ＇ancestral＇ females paired with ＇derived＇ males. The results are discussed with respect to founder effect models of speciatiou and the potential role of chemosensory signals in mate choice in these species [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 230-238, 2013].展开更多
Zhu Zhenheng (courtesy name:Zhu Yanxiu,1281-1358) was from Yiwu County,Zhejiang Province.His family lived near a river named Dan Xi for many generations,hence his sobriquet Old Man Dan Xi,or Mr Dan Xi.Since he was int...Zhu Zhenheng (courtesy name:Zhu Yanxiu,1281-1358) was from Yiwu County,Zhejiang Province.His family lived near a river named Dan Xi for many generations,hence his sobriquet Old Man Dan Xi,or Mr Dan Xi.Since he was intelligent,diligent and eager to learn,he traveled around to visit literary celebrities with the expectation to pass the imperial examination and seek an official position.When he was 36 years old,he heard that Xu Qian,a famous scholar of the Neo-Confucianism came to give lectures in Dongyang County,Zhejiang Province,he soon rushed there to learn from him.1 He kept on study for years and made great progress.But he suffered a reversal of fortune and failed the imperial examinations.At this moment,Xu Qian was badly ill and completely bedridden.One day,when Zhu went to visit him,he said:'I have been ill for a long time,and only those who are skillful in medicine can save me.展开更多
Guo Moruo (Kuo Mojo, 1892-1978), specialist in Chinese history, philologist, writer and social activist. His original name was Kuo Kaizhen and his self-styled name was Shangwu. On November 16 1892, he was born in the ...Guo Moruo (Kuo Mojo, 1892-1978), specialist in Chinese history, philologist, writer and social activist. His original name was Kuo Kaizhen and his self-styled name was Shangwu. On November 16 1892, he was born in the town of Shawan in Leshan County, Sichuan Province.From the autumn.of 1907 to the summer of 1913, he was a pupil at the Jiadingfu Middle School and the展开更多
Since the first International Textile Exhibition created by SPINEXPO in March 2003, Ms. Karine Van Tassel, the founder and organizer of SPINEXPO, dedicates herself to the display of the
High-quality genome information is essential for efficiently deciphering and improving crop traits.Here,we report a highly contiguous and accurate hexaploid genome assembly for the key wheat breeding parent Zhou8425B,...High-quality genome information is essential for efficiently deciphering and improving crop traits.Here,we report a highly contiguous and accurate hexaploid genome assembly for the key wheat breeding parent Zhou8425B,an elite 1BL/1RS translocation line with durable adult plant resistance(APR)against yellow rust(YR)disease.By integrating HiFi and Hi-C sequencing reads,we have generated a 14.75-Gb genome assembly for Zhou8425B with a contig N50 of 70.94 and a scaffold N50 of 735.11 Mb.Comparisons with previously sequenced common wheat cultivars shed light on structural changes in the 1RS chromosome arm,which has been extensively used in wheat improvement.Interestingly,Zhou8425B 1RS carries more genes encoding AP2/ERF-ERF or B3 transcription factors than its counterparts in four previously sequenced wheat and rye genotypes.The Zhou8425B genome assembly aided in the fine mapping of a new APR locus(YrZH3BS)that confers resistance to YR disease and promotes grain yield under field conditions.Notably,pyramiding YrZH3BS with two previously characterized APR loci(YrZH22 and YrZH84)can further reduce YR severity and enhance grain yield,with the triple combination(YrZH3B+YrZH22+YrZH84)having the greatest effect.Finally,the founder genotype effects of Zhou8425B were explored using publicly available genome resequencing data,which reveals the presence of important Zhou8425B genomic blocks in its derivative cultivars.Our data demonstrate the value of the Zhou8425B genome assembly for further study of the structural and functional characteristics of 1RS,the genetic basis of durable YR resistance,and founder genotype effects in wheat breeding.Our resources will facilitate the development of elite wheat cultivars through genomics-assisted breeding.展开更多
The paper introduces the"Founder Mode Entrepreneurial Experience"(FMEE),a novel therapeutic framework rooted in transpersonal psychology that reimagines entrepreneurial engagement as exposure therapy for ind...The paper introduces the"Founder Mode Entrepreneurial Experience"(FMEE),a novel therapeutic framework rooted in transpersonal psychology that reimagines entrepreneurial engagement as exposure therapy for individuals with Moral Scrupulosity Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD).FMEE emphasizes confronting ethical dilemmas,embracing imperfection,and navigating moral ambiguities through mission-driven entrepreneurial activities.This approach not only facilitates desensitization to scrupulosity-related triggers but also fosters resilience,self-efficacy,and a purpose-driven mindset.Integrating transpersonal practices such as mindfulness,altruism,and intuitive decision-making,FMEE bridges personal healing with meaningful social impact.The manuscript underscores FMEE's transformative potential as a practical and spiritually grounded intervention for reducing moral rigidity and fostering holistic well-being.Implications for OCD therapy,transpersonal psychology,and social entrepreneurship are discussed,along with future research directions at the intersection of psychology and missiondriven innovation.展开更多
基金supported by the DBT JRF-SRF research fellowship.KT was supported the J C Bose Fellowship from Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science and Technology,Government of India(JCB/2019/000027)CSIR Bhatnagar Fellowship,from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSiR),Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India.
文摘Founder events influence recessive diseases in highly endogamous populations.Several Indian populations have experienced significant founder events due to strict endogamy.However,the clinical implications of it remain underexplored.Therefore,we perform whole-exome sequencing of 281 individuals from four South Indian populations,characterized by high IBD scores.Our study reveals a high inbreeding rate of 59%across the populations.We identify∼29.2%of the variants that are exclusively present in a single population and uncover 1284 unreported exonic variants,underscoring the underrepresentation of Indian populations in global databases.Among these,23 are predicted to be deleterious,all of which are present in a heterozygous state;they may be pathogenic when homozygous,an expected phenomenon in endogamous populations.Approximately 16%-33%of the identified pathogenic variants showed significantly higher occurrence rates compared with the South Asian populations from 1000 Genomes dataset.Pharmacogenomic analysis revealed distinct allele frequencies of variants in CYP450 and non-CYP450 genes,highlighting heterogeneous drug responses and associated risks.We report a high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in Reddy population,linked to the HLA-B∗27:04 allele and strong founder effect.Our findings highlight the need for extensive genomic research in understudied Indian populations for a better understanding of disease risk and evolving strategies for precision and preventive medicine.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471174)
文摘Founder parents have contributed significantly to the improvement of wheat breeding and production. In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of founder parents and widely planted cultivars, Mazhamai(M), Biyumai(B) and six sibling lines(BM1–6) derived from the cross M×B were phenotyped for eight yield-related traits over multiple years and locations and genotyped using the the wheat 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) assay. BM4 has been used as a founder parent, and BM1 has been widely planted, whereas BM2, 3, 5, and 6 have not been used extensively for breeding or planting in China. Phenotypic comparisons revealed that BM4 and BM1 displayed a better overall performance than the other sibling lines. BM1 showed higher thousand-grain weight than BM4, whereas BM4 exhibited lower coefficient of variation for most of the yield-related traits across different years and locations, indicating that BM4 was widely adaptable and more stable in different environments. SNP analysis revealed that BM4 and BM1 inherited similar proportions of the M genome but are dissimilar to BM2, 3, 5, and 6. Both BM1 and BM4 have specific alleles that differ from the other BM lines, and most of these alleles are concentrated in specific chromosomal regions that are found to associate with favorable QTLs, these SNPs and their surrounding regions may carry the genetic determinants important for the superior performance of the two lines. But BM4 has more genetic diversity than BM1 with more specific alleles and pleiotropic regions, indicating that the genome of BM4 may be more complex than the other sibling lines and has more favorable gene resources. Our results provide valuable information that can be used to select elite parents for wheat and self-pollinating crop breeding.
文摘Sexual isolation resulting from differences in mate choice behaviors is a hallmark of rapidly-speciating lineages. When present, asymmetrical sexual isolation may provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for the evolutionary change in mate signaling traits. In particular, Kaneshiro＇s hypothesis suggests that divergence in sexual characters between populations may arise in allopatry when ＇derived＇ founding populations are subject to severe population bottlenecks, accompanied by a relaxation of sexual selection relative to ＇ancestral＇ source populations. In the present study, we tested predictions of asymmetrical sexual isolation between two allopatric species of Hawaiian Laupala crickets, representing ＇ancestral＇ （L. makaio） and ＇derived＇ （L. nigra） taxa. While crickets in this genus are notable for rapid divergence of male courtship songs, these species share similar song types, thus suggesting that patterns of sexual isolation are likely due to other mating cues. Analysis of behavioral responses in conspeci- fic and heterospecific ＇no-choice＇ mating trials revealed pronounced asymmetrical isolation in the direction predicted by Kane- shiro＇s hypothesis, wherein we observed a significant reduction in mating success for crosses involving ＇derived＇ males paired with ＇ancestral＇ females, compared to the reciprocal heterospecific and both conspecific pairings. Further dissection of courtship behaviors suggested this difference did not reflect male mate choice, but rather, marked reduced spermatophore acceptance rates by ＇ancestral＇ females paired with ＇derived＇ males. The results are discussed with respect to founder effect models of speciatiou and the potential role of chemosensory signals in mate choice in these species [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 230-238, 2013].
文摘Zhu Zhenheng (courtesy name:Zhu Yanxiu,1281-1358) was from Yiwu County,Zhejiang Province.His family lived near a river named Dan Xi for many generations,hence his sobriquet Old Man Dan Xi,or Mr Dan Xi.Since he was intelligent,diligent and eager to learn,he traveled around to visit literary celebrities with the expectation to pass the imperial examination and seek an official position.When he was 36 years old,he heard that Xu Qian,a famous scholar of the Neo-Confucianism came to give lectures in Dongyang County,Zhejiang Province,he soon rushed there to learn from him.1 He kept on study for years and made great progress.But he suffered a reversal of fortune and failed the imperial examinations.At this moment,Xu Qian was badly ill and completely bedridden.One day,when Zhu went to visit him,he said:'I have been ill for a long time,and only those who are skillful in medicine can save me.
文摘Guo Moruo (Kuo Mojo, 1892-1978), specialist in Chinese history, philologist, writer and social activist. His original name was Kuo Kaizhen and his self-styled name was Shangwu. On November 16 1892, he was born in the town of Shawan in Leshan County, Sichuan Province.From the autumn.of 1907 to the summer of 1913, he was a pupil at the Jiadingfu Middle School and the
文摘Since the first International Textile Exhibition created by SPINEXPO in March 2003, Ms. Karine Van Tassel, the founder and organizer of SPINEXPO, dedicates herself to the display of the
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(China)of China(2021YFF1000200)the National Science Foundation of China(32372132)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300421033)the Science and Technology Funds of Zhengzhou City,and China Postdoctoral Funds(GZC20230727)。
文摘High-quality genome information is essential for efficiently deciphering and improving crop traits.Here,we report a highly contiguous and accurate hexaploid genome assembly for the key wheat breeding parent Zhou8425B,an elite 1BL/1RS translocation line with durable adult plant resistance(APR)against yellow rust(YR)disease.By integrating HiFi and Hi-C sequencing reads,we have generated a 14.75-Gb genome assembly for Zhou8425B with a contig N50 of 70.94 and a scaffold N50 of 735.11 Mb.Comparisons with previously sequenced common wheat cultivars shed light on structural changes in the 1RS chromosome arm,which has been extensively used in wheat improvement.Interestingly,Zhou8425B 1RS carries more genes encoding AP2/ERF-ERF or B3 transcription factors than its counterparts in four previously sequenced wheat and rye genotypes.The Zhou8425B genome assembly aided in the fine mapping of a new APR locus(YrZH3BS)that confers resistance to YR disease and promotes grain yield under field conditions.Notably,pyramiding YrZH3BS with two previously characterized APR loci(YrZH22 and YrZH84)can further reduce YR severity and enhance grain yield,with the triple combination(YrZH3B+YrZH22+YrZH84)having the greatest effect.Finally,the founder genotype effects of Zhou8425B were explored using publicly available genome resequencing data,which reveals the presence of important Zhou8425B genomic blocks in its derivative cultivars.Our data demonstrate the value of the Zhou8425B genome assembly for further study of the structural and functional characteristics of 1RS,the genetic basis of durable YR resistance,and founder genotype effects in wheat breeding.Our resources will facilitate the development of elite wheat cultivars through genomics-assisted breeding.
文摘The paper introduces the"Founder Mode Entrepreneurial Experience"(FMEE),a novel therapeutic framework rooted in transpersonal psychology that reimagines entrepreneurial engagement as exposure therapy for individuals with Moral Scrupulosity Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD).FMEE emphasizes confronting ethical dilemmas,embracing imperfection,and navigating moral ambiguities through mission-driven entrepreneurial activities.This approach not only facilitates desensitization to scrupulosity-related triggers but also fosters resilience,self-efficacy,and a purpose-driven mindset.Integrating transpersonal practices such as mindfulness,altruism,and intuitive decision-making,FMEE bridges personal healing with meaningful social impact.The manuscript underscores FMEE's transformative potential as a practical and spiritually grounded intervention for reducing moral rigidity and fostering holistic well-being.Implications for OCD therapy,transpersonal psychology,and social entrepreneurship are discussed,along with future research directions at the intersection of psychology and missiondriven innovation.
