Objective:Lianhuaqingwen and Shuanghuanglian are drug treatment options for Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).In China,use of traditional Chinese medicine with Shuanghuanglian or Lianhuaqingwen(for them,forsythiasid...Objective:Lianhuaqingwen and Shuanghuanglian are drug treatment options for Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).In China,use of traditional Chinese medicine with Shuanghuanglian or Lianhuaqingwen(for them,forsythiaside is the active antiviral and antibacterial component)in combination with azithromycin is common for the treatment of pediatric pneumonia.It is important to understand the reason why the combination of these compounds is better than a single drug treatment.This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic interaction between forsythiaside and azithromycin.Methods:Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into an experimental group(Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin)and a control group(a single dose of Forsythia suspensa extract in 5%glucose solution).Plasma samples were collected at scheduled time points,and the high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet method was used to determine the plasma forsythiaside concentration.Non-compartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic methods were used to investigate the forsythiaside pharmacokinetic difference between the experimental and control group.Results:Compared with a single administration,the area under the curve and half-life of forsythiaside increased,and forsythiaside clearance decreased significantly after co-administration with azithromycin.The in vivo behavior of forsythiaside could be described by the one compartment model.The forsythiaside clearance decreased when combined with azithromycin.Visual evaluation and bootstrap results suggested that the final model was precise and stable.Conclusion:Co-administration of azithromycin can significantly decrease the forsythiaside clearance and increase drug exposure.A lower dose of azithromycin can obtain sufficient forsythiaside concentration to provide antiviral and antibacterial activity.展开更多
To overcome the chemical instability of forsythiaside,the forsythiaside-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared by triturating. The inclusion complex was found having a varied UV spectrum and melt...To overcome the chemical instability of forsythiaside,the forsythiaside-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared by triturating. The inclusion complex was found having a varied UV spectrum and melt temperature point. Inclusion complex has a higher stability to UV light and temperature over forythiaside itself. Pharmacological evidence showed that inclusion complex has little effect on pharmacokinetics by chicken intravenous injection. This study is favorable for developing preparations for forsythiaside and its clinical application.展开更多
Azithromycin and Chinese medicine forsythia are often used together to treat pediatric mycoplasma infections in China. We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithrom...Azithromycin and Chinese medicine forsythia are often used together to treat pediatric mycoplasma infections in China. We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin after single and co-intravenous administration in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received single(Forsythia suspensa extract or azithromycin) treatment or co-administration of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin. Blood samples were collected at scheduled times, and drug concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV or HPLC-MS/MS methods. Both non-compartmental analyses and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approaches were applied to fit pharmacokinetic data and evaluate the impact of co-administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the area under the curve of azithromycin and forsythiaside increased, and clearance decreased significantly(P < 0.05),after co-administration. The in vivo behavior of both azithromycin and forsythiaside could be appropriately described by the two-compartmental model. The final population pharmacokinetic model indicated that co-administration decreased the central volume of azithromycin and forsythiaside clearance significantly. Co-administration of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin significantly decreased the clearance and increased exposure for both drugs. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that drug co-administration may increase efficiency.展开更多
Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD1/PD-L1) blockade has shown promise in cancer therapy but remains limited by low response rates. Recent efforts have explored strategies to enhance imm...Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD1/PD-L1) blockade has shown promise in cancer therapy but remains limited by low response rates. Recent efforts have explored strategies to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibition can enhance tumor immune responses by downregulating PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, PD-L1 in tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes immune evasion. Here, we found that LSD1 inhibition can mediate the rearrangement of PD-L1 on tumor cell surfaces, reduce the secretion of EVs and PD-L1 levels in the TME, and ultimately block the long-range immunosuppression caused by tumor cell-released EVs. Therefore, we developed a TME-targeted synergistic therapy system with a dual mechanism in which anti-PD1 therapy blocks immune checkpoints, and forsythiaside A (FA) acts as an LSD1 inhibitor to regulate EVs secretion. Additionally, CD4+ T cells can directly kill tumor cells by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest. Ultimately, this system activates the tumor immune response within the TME, effectively inhibiting the growth of non-small cell lung cancer tumors. Our work highlights the signaling role of EVs and the capacity of CD4+ T cells to arrest the cell cycle, offering a new approach to enhance response to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.7192060).
文摘Objective:Lianhuaqingwen and Shuanghuanglian are drug treatment options for Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).In China,use of traditional Chinese medicine with Shuanghuanglian or Lianhuaqingwen(for them,forsythiaside is the active antiviral and antibacterial component)in combination with azithromycin is common for the treatment of pediatric pneumonia.It is important to understand the reason why the combination of these compounds is better than a single drug treatment.This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic interaction between forsythiaside and azithromycin.Methods:Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into an experimental group(Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin)and a control group(a single dose of Forsythia suspensa extract in 5%glucose solution).Plasma samples were collected at scheduled time points,and the high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet method was used to determine the plasma forsythiaside concentration.Non-compartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic methods were used to investigate the forsythiaside pharmacokinetic difference between the experimental and control group.Results:Compared with a single administration,the area under the curve and half-life of forsythiaside increased,and forsythiaside clearance decreased significantly after co-administration with azithromycin.The in vivo behavior of forsythiaside could be described by the one compartment model.The forsythiaside clearance decreased when combined with azithromycin.Visual evaluation and bootstrap results suggested that the final model was precise and stable.Conclusion:Co-administration of azithromycin can significantly decrease the forsythiaside clearance and increase drug exposure.A lower dose of azithromycin can obtain sufficient forsythiaside concentration to provide antiviral and antibacterial activity.
基金Supported by National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the TwelfthFive-year Plan Period(2011BAD34B01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372485,31172362)the opening fund from Beijing Key Laboratory of TCVM(BUA-TCVM-200904)
文摘To overcome the chemical instability of forsythiaside,the forsythiaside-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared by triturating. The inclusion complex was found having a varied UV spectrum and melt temperature point. Inclusion complex has a higher stability to UV light and temperature over forythiaside itself. Pharmacological evidence showed that inclusion complex has little effect on pharmacokinetics by chicken intravenous injection. This study is favorable for developing preparations for forsythiaside and its clinical application.
文摘Azithromycin and Chinese medicine forsythia are often used together to treat pediatric mycoplasma infections in China. We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin after single and co-intravenous administration in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received single(Forsythia suspensa extract or azithromycin) treatment or co-administration of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin. Blood samples were collected at scheduled times, and drug concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV or HPLC-MS/MS methods. Both non-compartmental analyses and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approaches were applied to fit pharmacokinetic data and evaluate the impact of co-administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the area under the curve of azithromycin and forsythiaside increased, and clearance decreased significantly(P < 0.05),after co-administration. The in vivo behavior of both azithromycin and forsythiaside could be appropriately described by the two-compartmental model. The final population pharmacokinetic model indicated that co-administration decreased the central volume of azithromycin and forsythiaside clearance significantly. Co-administration of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin significantly decreased the clearance and increased exposure for both drugs. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that drug co-administration may increase efficiency.
基金co-supported by the 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China(B18056)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R63,China)+1 种基金the“Double First-Class”University Project(CPU2018GF03,China)the Basic Research Project for the Development of Modern Industrial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health at Lishui University(China).
文摘Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD1/PD-L1) blockade has shown promise in cancer therapy but remains limited by low response rates. Recent efforts have explored strategies to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibition can enhance tumor immune responses by downregulating PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, PD-L1 in tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes immune evasion. Here, we found that LSD1 inhibition can mediate the rearrangement of PD-L1 on tumor cell surfaces, reduce the secretion of EVs and PD-L1 levels in the TME, and ultimately block the long-range immunosuppression caused by tumor cell-released EVs. Therefore, we developed a TME-targeted synergistic therapy system with a dual mechanism in which anti-PD1 therapy blocks immune checkpoints, and forsythiaside A (FA) acts as an LSD1 inhibitor to regulate EVs secretion. Additionally, CD4+ T cells can directly kill tumor cells by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest. Ultimately, this system activates the tumor immune response within the TME, effectively inhibiting the growth of non-small cell lung cancer tumors. Our work highlights the signaling role of EVs and the capacity of CD4+ T cells to arrest the cell cycle, offering a new approach to enhance response to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy.
