BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chi...BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.展开更多
Let Gq(R_(n))be the Grassmannian of all linear q dimensional subspaces of R_(n)and I an integral invariant of p+q−n dimensional submanifolds of R_(n).Then we give methods of evaluating Crofton type integral∫G_(q)(R^(...Let Gq(R_(n))be the Grassmannian of all linear q dimensional subspaces of R_(n)and I an integral invariant of p+q−n dimensional submanifolds of R_(n).Then we give methods of evaluating Crofton type integral∫G_(q)(R^(n))I(M∩L)dL The methods also work for various generalizations of Gq(R_(n))such as complex Grassmannians.展开更多
This paper reviews the related formulas of Sugemule,introduces the advances in research of clinical application of these formulas in treating Heyi type insomnia,cardiac diseases,and renal diseases.Besides,it summarize...This paper reviews the related formulas of Sugemule,introduces the advances in research of clinical application of these formulas in treating Heyi type insomnia,cardiac diseases,and renal diseases.Besides,it summarizes pharmacological research advances regarding these formulas,including their anti-insomnia effects,cardioprotective properties,and ovarian function preservation capabilities.This study is expected to provide a reference and insight for in-depth and systematic research on classical Mongolian medicinal formulas.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Jianpi formulas(健脾剂)in reducing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma(CRA)after polypectomy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating Jian...OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Jianpi formulas(健脾剂)in reducing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma(CRA)after polypectomy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating Jianpi formulas for CRA post-polypectomy were systematically retrieved from eight electronic databases.The quality of the methodology was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.The Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach was employed for evidence assessment.Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistics and Data Analysis(STATA)17(StataCorp(College Station,TX,USA)and Review Manager(RevMan)5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration(London,UK).RESULTS:The Meta-analysis,encompassing 18 RCTs with 1838 patients,revealed that Jianpi formulas significantly outperformed postoperative routine treatment.It demonstrated a reduction in the half-year recurrence rate[relative risk(RR)=0.41,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.33-0.49,Z=9.08,P<0.00001],the oneyear recurrence rate[RR=0.58,95%CI=0.49-0.69,Z=6.12,P<0.00001],and an enhancement in the clinical effective rate[RR=1.27,95%CI=1.19-1.36,Z=7.06,P<0.00001].The half-year recurrence rate and the clinical effective rate were medium-quality evidence.The one-year recurrence rate was low-quality evidence.Additionally,Jianpi formulas appear to be safe and do not increase adverse reactions compared to postoperative routine treatment alone.CONCLUSION:Jianpi formulas exhibit efficacy in reducing postoperative half-year and one-year recurrence rates while improving the clinical effective rate after polypectomy for CRA.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providin...Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formu...BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.展开更多
As cataract surgery progresses from “restoration of sight” to “refractive correction”, precise prediction of intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical for enhancing postoperative visual quality in patients. IOL pow...As cataract surgery progresses from “restoration of sight” to “refractive correction”, precise prediction of intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical for enhancing postoperative visual quality in patients. IOL power calculation methods have evolved and innovated throughout time, from early theoretical and regression formulas to nonlinear formulas for estimating effective lens position (ELP), multivariable formulas, and innovative formulas that use optical principles and AI-based online formulas. This paper thoroughly discusses the development and iteration of traditional IOL calculation formulas, the emergence of new IOL calculation formulas, and the selection of IOL calculation formulas for different patients in the era of refractive cataract surgery, serving as a reference for “personalized” IOL implantation in clinical practice.展开更多
In present paper, using some methods of approximation theory, the trace formulas for eigenvalues of a eigenvalue problem are calculated under the periodic condition and the decaying condition at x∞.
In this paper we investigate the complexity of several problems concerning 2CNF formulas. At first, we show that the minimal unsatisfiability problem for 2CNF formulas can be solved in linear time. Then we prove that ...In this paper we investigate the complexity of several problems concerning 2CNF formulas. At first, we show that the minimal unsatisfiability problem for 2CNF formulas can be solved in linear time. Then we prove that the problem determining if a 2CNF formula can be transformed to a minimal unsatisfiable formula is also solvable in linear time. Thirdly, we show the polynomial solvability of the satisfiability problem for symmetric monotone formulas in which all clauses has length 2 or ? n - k ( n is the ...展开更多
The multiple regression formulas and correlation of ocular components with refractive errors are presented by Gaussian optics. The refractive error changing rate for the cornea and lens power, the axial length, anteri...The multiple regression formulas and correlation of ocular components with refractive errors are presented by Gaussian optics. The refractive error changing rate for the cornea and lens power, the axial length, anterior chamber depth(ACD) and vitreous chamber depth(VCD) are calculated, including nonlinear terms for more accurate rate functions than the linear theory. Our theory, consistent with the empirical data, shows that the Pearson correlation coefficients for spherical equivalent(SE) and ocular components are highest for SE with axial length, ACD and VCD and weakest for corneal power, lens power and lens thickness. Moreover, our regression formulas show the asymmetric feature of the correlation that the axial length, ACD and VCD are more strongly correlated(with higher negative regression constants) with refractive errors in eyes with hyperopia than in eyes with myopia, particularly for severe hyperopia.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of eight different intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation formulas for a segmented multifocal IOL.METHODS:A total of 53 eyes of 41 adult cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification...AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of eight different intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation formulas for a segmented multifocal IOL.METHODS:A total of 53 eyes of 41 adult cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation with the SBL-3 segmented multifocal IOL between January 1,2017 and January 31,2019 were included in this retrospective study.Preoperative biometry measurements were obtained using an IOL Master.Manifest refraction was performed at least 4 wk postoperatively.Accuracy of the eight formulas[Barrett Universal II,Emmetropia Verifying Optical(EVO),Haigis,Hill-RBF 2.0,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1,Kane,and SRK/T]was analyzed.RESULTS:Using current lens constants,all formulas exhibited errors of slight myopic shift in refractive prediction.The Barrett Universal II formula had a significantly lower median absolute error(MedAE)than did Holladay 1(P=0.02),Kane(P=0.001)and Hill-RBF 2.0(P<0.001)formulas.The Haigis formula had a lower MedAE value than did the Hill-RBF 2.0 formula(P=0.005).Differences in MedAE values among SRK/T,EVO and Hoffer Q formulas were not significant.After optimizing lens constants,the MedAE values of all formulas were reduced;significant changes were noted for EVO(P=0.022),Haigis(P=0.048);Hill-RBF 2.0(P=0.014),Holladay 1(P=0.045)and Kane(P=0.022)formulas.All formulas performed equally well after optimization of lens constants(P=0.203).CONCLUSION:All eight formulas tend to result in a myopic shift when using current lens constants.Optimized lens constants improve the accuracy of these formulas among adult Chinese patients.展开更多
Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets ...Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.展开更多
AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We ...AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.展开更多
In this paper,we derive some∂∂^(-)-Bochner formulas for holomorphic maps between Hermitian manifolds.As applications,we prove some Schwarz lemma type estimates,and some rigidity and degeneracy theorems.For instance,we...In this paper,we derive some∂∂^(-)-Bochner formulas for holomorphic maps between Hermitian manifolds.As applications,we prove some Schwarz lemma type estimates,and some rigidity and degeneracy theorems.For instance,we show that there is no non-constant holomorphic map from a compact Hermitian manifold with positive(resp.non-negative)ℓ-second Ricci curvature to a Hermitian manifold with non-positive(resp.negative)real bisectional curvature.These theorems generalize the results[5,6]proved recently by L.Ni on Kähler manifolds to Hermitian manifolds.We also derive an integral inequality for a holomorphic map between Hermitian manifolds.展开更多
In this paper, the general calculation formulas of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0 are obtained, and the recurrence relation of different power order radial matrix eleme...In this paper, the general calculation formulas of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0 are obtained, and the recurrence relation of different power order radial matrix elements are also derived.展开更多
Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)continues to spread worldwide.Integrated Chinese and Western medicine have had some successes in treating COVID-19.Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy an...Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)continues to spread worldwide.Integrated Chinese and Western medicine have had some successes in treating COVID-19.Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three traditional Chinese medicine drugs and three herbal formulas(3-drugs-3-formulas)in patients with COVID-19.Search strategy Relevant studies were identified from 12 electronic databases searched from their establishment to April 7,2022.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs),non-RCTs and cohort studies that evaluated the effects of 3-drugs-3-formulas for COVID-19.The treatment group was treated with one of the 3-drugs-3-formulas plus conventional treatment.The control group was treated with conventional treatment.Data extraction and analysis Two evaluators screened and selected literature independently,then extracted basic information and assessed risk of bias.The treatment outcome measures were duration of main symptoms,hospitalization time,aggravation rate and mortality.RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze the pooled results reported as mean difference(MD)with 95%confidence interval(CI)for continuous data and risk ratio(RR)with 95%CI for dichotomous data.Results Forty-one studies with a total of 13,260 participants were identified.Our analysis suggests that compared with conventional treatment,the combination of 3-drugs-3-formulas might shorten duration of fever(MD=–1.39;95%CI:–2.19 to–0.59;P<0.05),cough(MD=–1.57;95%CI:–2.16 to–0.98;P<0.05)and fatigue(MD=–1.36;95%CI:–2.21 to–0.51;P<0.05),decrease length of hospital stay(MD=–2.62;95%CI–3.52 to–1.72;P<0.05),the time for nucleic acid conversion(MD=–2.92;95%CI:–4.26 to–1.59;P<0.05),aggravation rate(RR=0.49;95%CI:0.38 to 0.64;P<0.05)and mortality(RR=0.34;95%CI:0.19 to 0.62;P<0.05),and increase the recovery rate of chest computerized tomography manifestations(RR=1.22;95%CI:1.14 to 1.3;P<0.05)and total effectiveness(RR=1.24;95%CI:1.09 to 1.42;P<0.05).Conclusion The 3-drugs-3-formulas can play an active role in treating all stages of COVID-19.No severe adverse events related to 3-drugs-3-formulas were observed.Hence,3-drugs-3-formulas combined with conventional therapies have effective therapeutic value for COVID-19 patients.Further long-term high-quality studies are essential to demonstrate the clinical benefits of each formula.展开更多
We point out a new route to deducing integration formulas, i.e., using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators we derive some new integration formulas, which seems concise. As a by...We point out a new route to deducing integration formulas, i.e., using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators we derive some new integration formulas, which seems concise. As a by-product, some new operator identities also appear.展开更多
We gave the localized solutions,the interaction solutions and the mixed solutions to a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation.These solutions were characterized by superposition formulas of positive qua...We gave the localized solutions,the interaction solutions and the mixed solutions to a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation.These solutions were characterized by superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions,the exponential and hyperbolic functions.According to the known lump solution in the outset,we obtained the superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions by plausible reasoning.Next,we constructed the interaction solutions between the localized solutions and the exponential function solutions with the similar theory.These two kinds of solutions contained superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions,which were turned into general ternary quadratic functions,the coefficients of which were all rational operation of vector inner product.Then we obtained linear superposition formulas of exponential and hyperbolic function solutions.Finally,for aforementioned various solutions,their dynamic properties were showed by choosing specific values for parameters.From concrete plots,we observed wave characteristics of three kinds of solutions.Especially,we could observe distinct generation and separation situations when the localized wave and the stripe wave interacted at different time points.展开更多
In order to define the loading on protective doors of an underground tunnel, the exact knowledge of the blast propagation through tunnels is needed. Thirty-three scale high-explosive tests are conducted to obtain in-t...In order to define the loading on protective doors of an underground tunnel, the exact knowledge of the blast propagation through tunnels is needed. Thirty-three scale high-explosive tests are conducted to obtain in-tunnel blast pressure for detonations external, internal and at the tunnel entrance. The cross section of the concrete model tunnel is 0.67 m2. Explosive charges of TNT, ranging in mass from 400 g to 4 600 g, are detonated at various positions along the central axis of the model tunnel. Blast gages are flush-installed in the interior surface of the tunnel to record side-on blast pressure as it propagates down the tunnel. The engineering empirical formulas for predicting blast peak pressure are evaluated, and are found to be reasonably accurate for in-tunnel pressure prediction.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.
文摘Let Gq(R_(n))be the Grassmannian of all linear q dimensional subspaces of R_(n)and I an integral invariant of p+q−n dimensional submanifolds of R_(n).Then we give methods of evaluating Crofton type integral∫G_(q)(R^(n))I(M∩L)dL The methods also work for various generalizations of Gq(R_(n))such as complex Grassmannians.
基金Supported by Laboratory Open Fund Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University in 2024(2024ZN20)Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Open Fund Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(GX20240003)+2 种基金Inner Mongolia Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Achievement Transformation and Cultivation Project(MYYXTPY202402)Project of Construction of Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(RZ2400000451)Project of Construction of Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Research Platform in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(DC2400000724).
文摘This paper reviews the related formulas of Sugemule,introduces the advances in research of clinical application of these formulas in treating Heyi type insomnia,cardiac diseases,and renal diseases.Besides,it summarizes pharmacological research advances regarding these formulas,including their anti-insomnia effects,cardioprotective properties,and ovarian function preservation capabilities.This study is expected to provide a reference and insight for in-depth and systematic research on classical Mongolian medicinal formulas.
基金Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Research Project:Gut Microbiota Distribution Characteristics in Spleen-Deficiency Colorectal Adenoma Patients(No.2023KR04)Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Major Research Project:Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Tiaochang Pills in Preventing Postoperative Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas based on Metabolomics Technology(No.2024ZD03)。
文摘OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Jianpi formulas(健脾剂)in reducing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma(CRA)after polypectomy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating Jianpi formulas for CRA post-polypectomy were systematically retrieved from eight electronic databases.The quality of the methodology was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.The Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach was employed for evidence assessment.Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistics and Data Analysis(STATA)17(StataCorp(College Station,TX,USA)and Review Manager(RevMan)5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration(London,UK).RESULTS:The Meta-analysis,encompassing 18 RCTs with 1838 patients,revealed that Jianpi formulas significantly outperformed postoperative routine treatment.It demonstrated a reduction in the half-year recurrence rate[relative risk(RR)=0.41,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.33-0.49,Z=9.08,P<0.00001],the oneyear recurrence rate[RR=0.58,95%CI=0.49-0.69,Z=6.12,P<0.00001],and an enhancement in the clinical effective rate[RR=1.27,95%CI=1.19-1.36,Z=7.06,P<0.00001].The half-year recurrence rate and the clinical effective rate were medium-quality evidence.The one-year recurrence rate was low-quality evidence.Additionally,Jianpi formulas appear to be safe and do not increase adverse reactions compared to postoperative routine treatment alone.CONCLUSION:Jianpi formulas exhibit efficacy in reducing postoperative half-year and one-year recurrence rates while improving the clinical effective rate after polypectomy for CRA.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3502005)the three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program[No.ZY(2021-2023)-0401]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104521)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2022M3A9E4017033。
文摘BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.
文摘As cataract surgery progresses from “restoration of sight” to “refractive correction”, precise prediction of intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical for enhancing postoperative visual quality in patients. IOL power calculation methods have evolved and innovated throughout time, from early theoretical and regression formulas to nonlinear formulas for estimating effective lens position (ELP), multivariable formulas, and innovative formulas that use optical principles and AI-based online formulas. This paper thoroughly discusses the development and iteration of traditional IOL calculation formulas, the emergence of new IOL calculation formulas, and the selection of IOL calculation formulas for different patients in the era of refractive cataract surgery, serving as a reference for “personalized” IOL implantation in clinical practice.
文摘In present paper, using some methods of approximation theory, the trace formulas for eigenvalues of a eigenvalue problem are calculated under the periodic condition and the decaying condition at x∞.
文摘In this paper we investigate the complexity of several problems concerning 2CNF formulas. At first, we show that the minimal unsatisfiability problem for 2CNF formulas can be solved in linear time. Then we prove that the problem determining if a 2CNF formula can be transformed to a minimal unsatisfiable formula is also solvable in linear time. Thirdly, we show the polynomial solvability of the satisfiability problem for symmetric monotone formulas in which all clauses has length 2 or ? n - k ( n is the ...
基金Supported by an Internal Research of New Vision Inc. and Nobel Eye Institute
文摘The multiple regression formulas and correlation of ocular components with refractive errors are presented by Gaussian optics. The refractive error changing rate for the cornea and lens power, the axial length, anterior chamber depth(ACD) and vitreous chamber depth(VCD) are calculated, including nonlinear terms for more accurate rate functions than the linear theory. Our theory, consistent with the empirical data, shows that the Pearson correlation coefficients for spherical equivalent(SE) and ocular components are highest for SE with axial length, ACD and VCD and weakest for corneal power, lens power and lens thickness. Moreover, our regression formulas show the asymmetric feature of the correlation that the axial length, ACD and VCD are more strongly correlated(with higher negative regression constants) with refractive errors in eyes with hyperopia than in eyes with myopia, particularly for severe hyperopia.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1104600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770909)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of eight different intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation formulas for a segmented multifocal IOL.METHODS:A total of 53 eyes of 41 adult cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation with the SBL-3 segmented multifocal IOL between January 1,2017 and January 31,2019 were included in this retrospective study.Preoperative biometry measurements were obtained using an IOL Master.Manifest refraction was performed at least 4 wk postoperatively.Accuracy of the eight formulas[Barrett Universal II,Emmetropia Verifying Optical(EVO),Haigis,Hill-RBF 2.0,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1,Kane,and SRK/T]was analyzed.RESULTS:Using current lens constants,all formulas exhibited errors of slight myopic shift in refractive prediction.The Barrett Universal II formula had a significantly lower median absolute error(MedAE)than did Holladay 1(P=0.02),Kane(P=0.001)and Hill-RBF 2.0(P<0.001)formulas.The Haigis formula had a lower MedAE value than did the Hill-RBF 2.0 formula(P=0.005).Differences in MedAE values among SRK/T,EVO and Hoffer Q formulas were not significant.After optimizing lens constants,the MedAE values of all formulas were reduced;significant changes were noted for EVO(P=0.022),Haigis(P=0.048);Hill-RBF 2.0(P=0.014),Holladay 1(P=0.045)and Kane(P=0.022)formulas.All formulas performed equally well after optimization of lens constants(P=0.203).CONCLUSION:All eight formulas tend to result in a myopic shift when using current lens constants.Optimized lens constants improve the accuracy of these formulas among adult Chinese patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82174246)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2019YFC1708701)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talent Support Program(Grant No.:BX20220329).
文摘Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.
基金Supported by a MIUR Grant for Project of Research (ex60%-2008) Italy
文摘AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001490)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ20A010005).
文摘In this paper,we derive some∂∂^(-)-Bochner formulas for holomorphic maps between Hermitian manifolds.As applications,we prove some Schwarz lemma type estimates,and some rigidity and degeneracy theorems.For instance,we show that there is no non-constant holomorphic map from a compact Hermitian manifold with positive(resp.non-negative)ℓ-second Ricci curvature to a Hermitian manifold with non-positive(resp.negative)real bisectional curvature.These theorems generalize the results[5,6]proved recently by L.Ni on Kähler manifolds to Hermitian manifolds.We also derive an integral inequality for a holomorphic map between Hermitian manifolds.
文摘In this paper, the general calculation formulas of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0 are obtained, and the recurrence relation of different power order radial matrix elements are also derived.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Funds Entrusted by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GZY-KJS-2021-055)Foundation Project of China Association of Chinese Medicine for Cultivation of Youth Talents(No.2022-QNQSKJL-02)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(No.2020M680471).
文摘Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)continues to spread worldwide.Integrated Chinese and Western medicine have had some successes in treating COVID-19.Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three traditional Chinese medicine drugs and three herbal formulas(3-drugs-3-formulas)in patients with COVID-19.Search strategy Relevant studies were identified from 12 electronic databases searched from their establishment to April 7,2022.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs),non-RCTs and cohort studies that evaluated the effects of 3-drugs-3-formulas for COVID-19.The treatment group was treated with one of the 3-drugs-3-formulas plus conventional treatment.The control group was treated with conventional treatment.Data extraction and analysis Two evaluators screened and selected literature independently,then extracted basic information and assessed risk of bias.The treatment outcome measures were duration of main symptoms,hospitalization time,aggravation rate and mortality.RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze the pooled results reported as mean difference(MD)with 95%confidence interval(CI)for continuous data and risk ratio(RR)with 95%CI for dichotomous data.Results Forty-one studies with a total of 13,260 participants were identified.Our analysis suggests that compared with conventional treatment,the combination of 3-drugs-3-formulas might shorten duration of fever(MD=–1.39;95%CI:–2.19 to–0.59;P<0.05),cough(MD=–1.57;95%CI:–2.16 to–0.98;P<0.05)and fatigue(MD=–1.36;95%CI:–2.21 to–0.51;P<0.05),decrease length of hospital stay(MD=–2.62;95%CI–3.52 to–1.72;P<0.05),the time for nucleic acid conversion(MD=–2.92;95%CI:–4.26 to–1.59;P<0.05),aggravation rate(RR=0.49;95%CI:0.38 to 0.64;P<0.05)and mortality(RR=0.34;95%CI:0.19 to 0.62;P<0.05),and increase the recovery rate of chest computerized tomography manifestations(RR=1.22;95%CI:1.14 to 1.3;P<0.05)and total effectiveness(RR=1.24;95%CI:1.09 to 1.42;P<0.05).Conclusion The 3-drugs-3-formulas can play an active role in treating all stages of COVID-19.No severe adverse events related to 3-drugs-3-formulas were observed.Hence,3-drugs-3-formulas combined with conventional therapies have effective therapeutic value for COVID-19 patients.Further long-term high-quality studies are essential to demonstrate the clinical benefits of each formula.
基金＊Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10775097, and the Natural Science Foundation of Heze University of Shandong Province, under Crant No. XY07WL01
文摘We point out a new route to deducing integration formulas, i.e., using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators we derive some new integration formulas, which seems concise. As a by-product, some new operator identities also appear.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12061054)Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.NJYT-20A06)。
文摘We gave the localized solutions,the interaction solutions and the mixed solutions to a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation.These solutions were characterized by superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions,the exponential and hyperbolic functions.According to the known lump solution in the outset,we obtained the superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions by plausible reasoning.Next,we constructed the interaction solutions between the localized solutions and the exponential function solutions with the similar theory.These two kinds of solutions contained superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions,which were turned into general ternary quadratic functions,the coefficients of which were all rational operation of vector inner product.Then we obtained linear superposition formulas of exponential and hyperbolic function solutions.Finally,for aforementioned various solutions,their dynamic properties were showed by choosing specific values for parameters.From concrete plots,we observed wave characteristics of three kinds of solutions.Especially,we could observe distinct generation and separation situations when the localized wave and the stripe wave interacted at different time points.
文摘In order to define the loading on protective doors of an underground tunnel, the exact knowledge of the blast propagation through tunnels is needed. Thirty-three scale high-explosive tests are conducted to obtain in-tunnel blast pressure for detonations external, internal and at the tunnel entrance. The cross section of the concrete model tunnel is 0.67 m2. Explosive charges of TNT, ranging in mass from 400 g to 4 600 g, are detonated at various positions along the central axis of the model tunnel. Blast gages are flush-installed in the interior surface of the tunnel to record side-on blast pressure as it propagates down the tunnel. The engineering empirical formulas for predicting blast peak pressure are evaluated, and are found to be reasonably accurate for in-tunnel pressure prediction.
