Objective:To investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties against enteric pathogens Salmonella typhi.Salmonella para typhi A and Vibrio cholera.Methods:Adhesion potentials of spore and vegetative pha...Objective:To investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties against enteric pathogens Salmonella typhi.Salmonella para typhi A and Vibrio cholera.Methods:Adhesion potentials of spore and vegetative phase were studied separately for the isolates.Hydrophobic nature was measured on the basis of affinity towards the xylene.Autoaggregalion and coaggregation were studied on the basis of clumping of cells.In vitro adhesion studies were done on mucous which were prepared from infant child faeces.Biofilm production of superior adhesive isolate was confirmed by SEM analysis.Results:Spore and vegetative phases of isolates possessed a different rate of adhesion potentials on intestinal mucous,which indicated that cell surface properties were involved in adhesion process.Spores showed a higher hydrophobicity than their vegetative cells which remained less or non hydrophobic.Vegetative phases showed capabilities for autoaggregation and coaggregation.Spores were found to be more adhesive on intestinal mucous than vegetative phase.Among enteric pathogens Vibrio cholera registered higher adhesion potentials with supporting cell surface properties.Among the five sporeforming isolates,isolate BM-3 possess superior adhesion than enteric pathogens and also exhibited biofilm formation which enhances colonization potential.Conclusions:Spore and vegetative cell phases shows differences in adhesion potentials.Cell surface properties and adhesion studies reveals that isolate BM-3 can be selected as superior isolate which is capable for biofilm production.In short,isolate BM-3 possesses an enhanced adhesion potential than enteric pathogens towards intestinal mucous which is a desirable probiotic character.展开更多
The aim was to study the main industry effect the double of the per capi- ta net income of farmers economic. The relation between six industry net income per capita income of farmers including grain, animal husbandry,...The aim was to study the main industry effect the double of the per capi- ta net income of farmers economic. The relation between six industry net income per capita income of farmers including grain, animal husbandry, flue-cured tobacco, walnut, long-term labor expot, seasonal labor export and the net income of farmers per capita in the Wazitian Village of Baoshan, Yunnan was studied by means of the effect main industry doubled net income of farmers per capita economic and the grey correlation analysis. The correlation degree of six industry and the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export〉seasonal labor export〉 walnut〉grain〉animal husbandry〉flue-cured tobacco. The pillar industry affecting the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export, seasonal la- bor export and walnut. The study provided the scionce theoretical basis and method of support for net income per capita economic multiplier of farmers in Baoshan, Yunnan province and even a similar low latitude mountain plateau.展开更多
The structural factors of amorphous CuHf alloys at different temperatures are determined by using a high temperature x-ray diffractometer. It is found that not only the short-range order structure but also the medium-...The structural factors of amorphous CuHf alloys at different temperatures are determined by using a high temperature x-ray diffractometer. It is found that not only the short-range order structure but also the medium-range order structure exists in amorphous CuHf alloys. The dynamic viscosities of CuHf alloy melts are measured by a torsional oscillation viscometer. The fragility of superheated melts of CuHf alloys is calculated based on the viscosity data. The experimental results show that the glass-forming ability of the CuHf alloys is closely related to the fragility of their superheated melt. The relationship between the medium-range order structures and the fragility of superheated melts has also been established in amorphous CuHf alloys. In contrast to the fragility of supercooled liquids, the fragility of superheated liquids promises a better approach to reflecting the dynamics of glass forming liquids.展开更多
Solid oral controlled release formulations feature numerous clinical advantages for drug candidates with adequate solubility and dissolution rate.However,most new chemical entities exhibit poor water solubility,and he...Solid oral controlled release formulations feature numerous clinical advantages for drug candidates with adequate solubility and dissolution rate.However,most new chemical entities exhibit poor water solubility,and hence are exempt from such benefits.Although combining drug amorphization with controlled release formulation is promising to elevate drug solubility,like other supersaturating systems,the problem of drug recrystallization has yet to be resolved,particularly within the dosage form.Here,we explored the potential of an emerging,non-leachable terpolymer nanoparticle(TPN)pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor within controlled release amorphous solid dispersion(CRASD)beads comprising a poorly soluble drug(celecoxib)reservoir and insoluble polymer(ethylcellulose)membrane.Compared to conventional pore former,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),TPN-containing membranes exhibited superior structural integrity,less crystal formation at the CRASD bead surface,and greater extent of celecoxib release.All-atom molecular dynamics analyses revealed that in the presence of TPN,intra-molecular bonding,crystal formation tendency,diffusion coefficient,and molecular flexibility of celecoxib were reduced,while intermolecular H-bonding was increased as compared to PVP.This work suggests that selection of a pore former that promotes prolonged molecular separation within a nanoporous controlled release membrane structure may serve as an effective strategy to enhance amorphicity preservation inside CRASD.展开更多
Emerging contaminants like metal nanoparticles get introduced into soil through different routes.Toxic effects of these contaminants on plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPB),which influence plant productivity,can be d...Emerging contaminants like metal nanoparticles get introduced into soil through different routes.Toxic effects of these contaminants on plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPB),which influence plant productivity,can be detrimental to soil health.Titanium dioxide is one of the most produced nanomaterials in the world and therefore potentially the most released nanoform in soil.The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO2 NPs)on plant growth-promoting bacteria.Three types of PGPB,viz.,nitrogen fixers,phosphate solubilizers and biofilm formers were exposed to TiO2 NPs.Our results suggest that direct contact of the bacteria with these NPs is inhibitory as compared to when these bacteria are growing in laboratory nutrient media in the presence of NPs.The inhibitory effect did not follow a linear dose response but instead showed a pronounced step response.Soils with their varying characteristics may not afford the same protection to bacteria as laboratory nutrient media and thus TiO2 NPs may cause some sensitive PGPB to disappear from soil.The resultant shift in bacterial community composition may affect ecosystem functioning.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties against enteric pathogens Salmonella typhi.Salmonella para typhi A and Vibrio cholera.Methods:Adhesion potentials of spore and vegetative phase were studied separately for the isolates.Hydrophobic nature was measured on the basis of affinity towards the xylene.Autoaggregalion and coaggregation were studied on the basis of clumping of cells.In vitro adhesion studies were done on mucous which were prepared from infant child faeces.Biofilm production of superior adhesive isolate was confirmed by SEM analysis.Results:Spore and vegetative phases of isolates possessed a different rate of adhesion potentials on intestinal mucous,which indicated that cell surface properties were involved in adhesion process.Spores showed a higher hydrophobicity than their vegetative cells which remained less or non hydrophobic.Vegetative phases showed capabilities for autoaggregation and coaggregation.Spores were found to be more adhesive on intestinal mucous than vegetative phase.Among enteric pathogens Vibrio cholera registered higher adhesion potentials with supporting cell surface properties.Among the five sporeforming isolates,isolate BM-3 possess superior adhesion than enteric pathogens and also exhibited biofilm formation which enhances colonization potential.Conclusions:Spore and vegetative cell phases shows differences in adhesion potentials.Cell surface properties and adhesion studies reveals that isolate BM-3 can be selected as superior isolate which is capable for biofilm production.In short,isolate BM-3 possesses an enhanced adhesion potential than enteric pathogens towards intestinal mucous which is a desirable probiotic character.
基金Supported by Yunnan Modern Agricultural Maize Industry Technology System Construction Program[(2009)53]Yunnan Modern Agricultural Maize Industry Technology System Construction Program[(2009)171]~~
文摘The aim was to study the main industry effect the double of the per capi- ta net income of farmers economic. The relation between six industry net income per capita income of farmers including grain, animal husbandry, flue-cured tobacco, walnut, long-term labor expot, seasonal labor export and the net income of farmers per capita in the Wazitian Village of Baoshan, Yunnan was studied by means of the effect main industry doubled net income of farmers per capita economic and the grey correlation analysis. The correlation degree of six industry and the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export〉seasonal labor export〉 walnut〉grain〉animal husbandry〉flue-cured tobacco. The pillar industry affecting the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export, seasonal la- bor export and walnut. The study provided the scionce theoretical basis and method of support for net income per capita economic multiplier of farmers in Baoshan, Yunnan province and even a similar low latitude mountain plateau.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50231040 and 50471052, and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No Z2004F02.
文摘The structural factors of amorphous CuHf alloys at different temperatures are determined by using a high temperature x-ray diffractometer. It is found that not only the short-range order structure but also the medium-range order structure exists in amorphous CuHf alloys. The dynamic viscosities of CuHf alloy melts are measured by a torsional oscillation viscometer. The fragility of superheated melts of CuHf alloys is calculated based on the viscosity data. The experimental results show that the glass-forming ability of the CuHf alloys is closely related to the fragility of their superheated melt. The relationship between the medium-range order structures and the fragility of superheated melts has also been established in amorphous CuHf alloys. In contrast to the fragility of supercooled liquids, the fragility of superheated liquids promises a better approach to reflecting the dynamics of glass forming liquids.
基金supported in part by an Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence(ORF-RE)grant(Ontario,Canada)in partnership with Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific,Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada Discovery Grant and Equipment Grants to Xiao Yu Wu,University of Toronto(Canada),Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy Dean's Fund to Jamie Anne Lugtu-Pe,University of Toronto(Canada),Mitacs Accelerate Internship sponsored by Candoo Pharmatech Company Inc.to Xuning Zhang(Canada),NSERC CREATE ContRoL program support to Sako Mirzaie and Hao Han R.Chang(Canada),Ontario Graduate Scholarship(OGS)to Hao Han R.Chang(Canada),and Pharmaceutical Sciences graduate department scholarships to Hao Han R.Chang and Kuan Chen,University of Toronto(Canada).
文摘Solid oral controlled release formulations feature numerous clinical advantages for drug candidates with adequate solubility and dissolution rate.However,most new chemical entities exhibit poor water solubility,and hence are exempt from such benefits.Although combining drug amorphization with controlled release formulation is promising to elevate drug solubility,like other supersaturating systems,the problem of drug recrystallization has yet to be resolved,particularly within the dosage form.Here,we explored the potential of an emerging,non-leachable terpolymer nanoparticle(TPN)pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor within controlled release amorphous solid dispersion(CRASD)beads comprising a poorly soluble drug(celecoxib)reservoir and insoluble polymer(ethylcellulose)membrane.Compared to conventional pore former,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),TPN-containing membranes exhibited superior structural integrity,less crystal formation at the CRASD bead surface,and greater extent of celecoxib release.All-atom molecular dynamics analyses revealed that in the presence of TPN,intra-molecular bonding,crystal formation tendency,diffusion coefficient,and molecular flexibility of celecoxib were reduced,while intermolecular H-bonding was increased as compared to PVP.This work suggests that selection of a pore former that promotes prolonged molecular separation within a nanoporous controlled release membrane structure may serve as an effective strategy to enhance amorphicity preservation inside CRASD.
基金the University Grants Commission(UGC)of the Government of India(Minor research grant:47-584/13(WRO)).
文摘Emerging contaminants like metal nanoparticles get introduced into soil through different routes.Toxic effects of these contaminants on plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPB),which influence plant productivity,can be detrimental to soil health.Titanium dioxide is one of the most produced nanomaterials in the world and therefore potentially the most released nanoform in soil.The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO2 NPs)on plant growth-promoting bacteria.Three types of PGPB,viz.,nitrogen fixers,phosphate solubilizers and biofilm formers were exposed to TiO2 NPs.Our results suggest that direct contact of the bacteria with these NPs is inhibitory as compared to when these bacteria are growing in laboratory nutrient media in the presence of NPs.The inhibitory effect did not follow a linear dose response but instead showed a pronounced step response.Soils with their varying characteristics may not afford the same protection to bacteria as laboratory nutrient media and thus TiO2 NPs may cause some sensitive PGPB to disappear from soil.The resultant shift in bacterial community composition may affect ecosystem functioning.
