油脂沉积物(fat,oil and grease deposits,FOGDs)是家庭、餐饮和工业废水中的脂肪、油和油脂等物质在污水管道输送过程中反应、与水中悬浮颗粒(SS)聚集并最终沉积下来的块状固体物。一方面阻碍污水在下水道系统中的顺利流动,引发城市内...油脂沉积物(fat,oil and grease deposits,FOGDs)是家庭、餐饮和工业废水中的脂肪、油和油脂等物质在污水管道输送过程中反应、与水中悬浮颗粒(SS)聚集并最终沉积下来的块状固体物。一方面阻碍污水在下水道系统中的顺利流动,引发城市内涝和环境污染;另一方面造成管道内微生物的大量繁殖,产生甲烷(CH_(4))和硫化氢(H_(2)S)等温室气体增加管道内的碳排放,引发管道气体爆炸等安全风险。本研究从排水管道中FOGDs的危害出发,采用文献计量学方法,围绕污水管道中物理、化学、生物等不同类型要素对FOGDs形成和特性的影响进行综述,进而结合废水中脂肪、油和油脂等物质在管道中的水流输运、化学反应、微生物附着与降解过程解析,进一步探讨污水管道中FOGDs形成的物理、化学和生物机制,并提出该领域未来的研究方向,为城镇污水排水系统的减污降碳和提质增效提供支撑。展开更多
Background:To determine the clinical and endoscopic demographic characteristics of the ingestion of acidic products in the digestive endoscopy unit of the Cocody University Hospital.Methods:This was a retrospective,de...Background:To determine the clinical and endoscopic demographic characteristics of the ingestion of acidic products in the digestive endoscopy unit of the Cocody University Hospital.Methods:This was a retrospective,descriptive and analytical study on endoscopic reports,which took place for five years,from January 1,2014,to December 31,2018.All patients were admitted to the digestive endoscopy unit with the indication of ingestion of caustic products.The parameters studied:are demographic,clinical,and endoscopic.The statistical tests used were Pearson’s CHI 2 and Fisher’s exact tests.The significance threshold was set at 5%.Results:83 patients were included for an endoscopic prevalence of 1.33%.The mean age was 20.77±16.58 years,with extremes ranging from 1 to 63 years.They were divided into 34 men and 49 women for a sex ratio of 0.69.Accidental circumstances were observed in 73.49%of cases,followed by attempted autolysis(26.51%).Bleach was the most offending caustic(75.90%),followed by hydrochloric acid(14.46%).FOGD was normal in 53.01%and revealed stage I(41.54%)digestive lesions,followed by stage II(35.39%)and stage III(21.53%).The lesions were preferentially gastric(36.11%),esogastroduodenal(27.78%),and esogastric(22.23%).Based on severity,54.55%of esophageal lesions were stage IIA,53.12%were stage I gastric lesions,and 54.55%were stage IIA duodenal lesions.One case of gastric perforation was noted(1.54%).In univariate analysis,we found a statistically significant link between the age group of 1–14 years and the accidental intake of caustics(P<0.001)on the one hand and the other hand between the age group of 26 years and over and taking for autolysis(P=0.02).Likewise,bleaching was responsible for less severe lesions(P=0.006).Conclusions:The seriousness of the ingestion of caustic products requires early,specialized and multidisciplinary management to improve the short,medium,and long-term prognosis of patients.展开更多
文摘油脂沉积物(fat,oil and grease deposits,FOGDs)是家庭、餐饮和工业废水中的脂肪、油和油脂等物质在污水管道输送过程中反应、与水中悬浮颗粒(SS)聚集并最终沉积下来的块状固体物。一方面阻碍污水在下水道系统中的顺利流动,引发城市内涝和环境污染;另一方面造成管道内微生物的大量繁殖,产生甲烷(CH_(4))和硫化氢(H_(2)S)等温室气体增加管道内的碳排放,引发管道气体爆炸等安全风险。本研究从排水管道中FOGDs的危害出发,采用文献计量学方法,围绕污水管道中物理、化学、生物等不同类型要素对FOGDs形成和特性的影响进行综述,进而结合废水中脂肪、油和油脂等物质在管道中的水流输运、化学反应、微生物附着与降解过程解析,进一步探讨污水管道中FOGDs形成的物理、化学和生物机制,并提出该领域未来的研究方向,为城镇污水排水系统的减污降碳和提质增效提供支撑。
文摘Background:To determine the clinical and endoscopic demographic characteristics of the ingestion of acidic products in the digestive endoscopy unit of the Cocody University Hospital.Methods:This was a retrospective,descriptive and analytical study on endoscopic reports,which took place for five years,from January 1,2014,to December 31,2018.All patients were admitted to the digestive endoscopy unit with the indication of ingestion of caustic products.The parameters studied:are demographic,clinical,and endoscopic.The statistical tests used were Pearson’s CHI 2 and Fisher’s exact tests.The significance threshold was set at 5%.Results:83 patients were included for an endoscopic prevalence of 1.33%.The mean age was 20.77±16.58 years,with extremes ranging from 1 to 63 years.They were divided into 34 men and 49 women for a sex ratio of 0.69.Accidental circumstances were observed in 73.49%of cases,followed by attempted autolysis(26.51%).Bleach was the most offending caustic(75.90%),followed by hydrochloric acid(14.46%).FOGD was normal in 53.01%and revealed stage I(41.54%)digestive lesions,followed by stage II(35.39%)and stage III(21.53%).The lesions were preferentially gastric(36.11%),esogastroduodenal(27.78%),and esogastric(22.23%).Based on severity,54.55%of esophageal lesions were stage IIA,53.12%were stage I gastric lesions,and 54.55%were stage IIA duodenal lesions.One case of gastric perforation was noted(1.54%).In univariate analysis,we found a statistically significant link between the age group of 1–14 years and the accidental intake of caustics(P<0.001)on the one hand and the other hand between the age group of 26 years and over and taking for autolysis(P=0.02).Likewise,bleaching was responsible for less severe lesions(P=0.006).Conclusions:The seriousness of the ingestion of caustic products requires early,specialized and multidisciplinary management to improve the short,medium,and long-term prognosis of patients.
