Real-time assessment of slope reinforcements to diagnose their state in all stages of service life is imperative for prompt evaluation of slope stability and establishing an efficient early warning(EW)system.Many poin...Real-time assessment of slope reinforcements to diagnose their state in all stages of service life is imperative for prompt evaluation of slope stability and establishing an efficient early warning(EW)system.Many point-based monitoring instruments have been used in the last few decades.However,these sensors suffer from a particular risk of detection failures and practical limitations.Fibre-optic sensing(FOS)technologies have been developed,tested,and validated across various geoengineering applications,including slope monitoring,as they offer exceptional advantages,such as high data-carrying capacity,precise mapping of physical parameters,durability,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.The deformation of rock/soil causes the deformation and fracture of reinforcement materials,which are subsequently transferred to the encapsulated fibre-optic(FO)sensors,providing valuable information on reinforcements'safety state and performance for early failure detection.This paper is devoted to critically analysing the application of cutting-edge FOS technologies for slope reinforcement monitoring.Firstly,a concise overview of the fundamental principles underlying discrete and distributed FOS methods is provided.The key considerations for selecting FO cables and the appropriate packaging techniques necessary to withstand the challenges posed by complex geological environments are also summarised.We delve into the details of three distinct cable installation techniques within slope reinforcement components:surface bonding,slot embedment,and clamping.The recent advancements in FOS methods for monitoring slope reinforcements such as rock bolts,soil nails,anti-slide piles,geosynthetics,and retaining walls are extensively reviewed.The paper addresses this novel sensing technique's challenges and comprehensively explores its prospects.This review is anticipated to be a valuable resource for geoengineers and researchers involved in slope monitoring through FOS technology,offering insightful perspectives and guidance.展开更多
The prediction of slope stability is a complex nonlinear problem.This paper proposes a new method based on the random forest(RF)algorithm to study the rocky slopes stability.Taking the Bukit Merah,Perak and Twin Peak(...The prediction of slope stability is a complex nonlinear problem.This paper proposes a new method based on the random forest(RF)algorithm to study the rocky slopes stability.Taking the Bukit Merah,Perak and Twin Peak(Kuala Lumpur)as the study area,the slope characteristics of geometrical parameters are obtained from a multidisciplinary approach(consisting of geological,geotechnical,and remote sensing analyses).18 factors,including rock strength,rock quality designation(RQD),joint spacing,continuity,openness,roughness,filling,weathering,water seepage,temperature,vegetation index,water index,and orientation,are selected to construct model input variables while the factor of safety(FOS)functions as an output.The area under the curve(AUC)value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve is obtained with precision and accuracy and used to analyse the predictive model ability.With a large training set and predicted parameters,an area under the ROC curve(the AUC)of 0.95 is achieved.A precision score of 0.88 is obtained,indicating that the model has a low false positive rate and correctly identifies a substantial number of true positives.The findings emphasise the importance of using a variety of terrain characteristics and different approaches to characterise the rock slope.展开更多
相较于传统的两步法,动力学一步法能充分利用观测数据的原始信息,理论上可获得更合理的时变重力场产品,同时也因其涉及的参数维度更多样、函数模型更复杂,一直是当前研究的热点和难点.本文研究并实现了动力学一步法恢复时变重力场,给出...相较于传统的两步法,动力学一步法能充分利用观测数据的原始信息,理论上可获得更合理的时变重力场产品,同时也因其涉及的参数维度更多样、函数模型更复杂,一直是当前研究的热点和难点.本文研究并实现了动力学一步法恢复时变重力场,给出了合理的数据处理策略,而后基于GRACE-FO(GRACE Follow-On)星载GPS数据和KBR(K/Ka Band Ranging)距离变率数据反演了2021—2022年60阶全球月时变重力场模型.对于一步法中诸多技术细节,本文重点分析了先验权和经验参数对轨道确定和模型反演的影响,研究表明:当采用30 s采样率的GPS数据时,需适当对GPS数据降权,以免引入过多噪声,码伪距、载波相位和KBR距离变率数据的先验权比应为1:104:1014;为了保证轨道和模型质量,在反演过程中有必要引入经验参数以吸收残余的摄动力误差,相较其他经验参数(分段周期经验加速度、几何经验参数),分段常经验加速度在保证定轨精度的同时可更有效地吸收模型中的噪声.此外,在采用相同动力学参数配置时,动力学一步法反演的时变重力场模型无论是与官方模型的一致性还是内符合精度均优于两步法.最后,综合评估了整个时间跨度的轨道和时变重力场模型质量,结果显示,动力学一步法确定的轨道可满足厘米级需求,双星的卫星激光测距残差标准差均为1.6 cm,重力场模型与官方机构CSR(Center for Space Research)、JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)、GFZ(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam)最新发布的RL06.1模型一致性较好,在保留完整时变信号特征的前提下,噪声表现与CSR模型相当,优于JPL、GFZ模型.展开更多
4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to b...4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to both human health and ecosystems.Herein,for the first time,we developed near-infrared(NIR)responsive upconversion luminescence nanosensor for NP detection.The Förster resonance energy transfer based upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)-graphene oxide sensor offers highly selective and sensitive detection of NP in linear ranges of 5−200 ng/mL and 200−1000 ng/mL under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation,respectively,with LOD at 4.2 ng/mL.The sensors were successfully tested for NP detection in real liquid milk samples with excellent recovery results.The rare-earth fluoride based upconversion luminescence nanosensor with NIR excitation wavelength,holds promise for sensing food,environmental,and biological samples due to their high sensitivity,specific recognition,low LOD,negligible autofluorescence,along with the deep penetration of NIR excitation sources.展开更多
背景:Egr1、Fos基因在手术后应用羟考酮麻醉中的作用尚不清楚。方法:羟考酮麻醉数据集GSE232804配置文件是从GPL20084生成的基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中下载的。进行差异表达基因(DEGs)的筛选,加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),功能富集分...背景:Egr1、Fos基因在手术后应用羟考酮麻醉中的作用尚不清楚。方法:羟考酮麻醉数据集GSE232804配置文件是从GPL20084生成的基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中下载的。进行差异表达基因(DEGs)的筛选,加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),功能富集分析,蛋白质–蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络的构建与分析。绘制基因表达量热图。通过毒理学基因组学比较数据库(CTD)寻找与核心基因的最相关的疾病。TargetScan用于筛选调节中枢DEG的miRNA。结果:共得到了171个DEGs。根据基因本体论(GO)分析,在BP分析中,它们主要富集在细胞对促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素刺激的反应、神经元分化、神经元突触可塑性的调节。在CC分析中,它们主要富集在核、转录因子复合体、神经元胞体。在MF分析中,它们主要集中在蛋白结合、转录辅抑制因子活性、蛋白激酶活性。在KEGG分析中,它们主要富集在MAPK信号通路、安非他命上瘾、nf-κB信号通路、TNF信号通路。PPI网络中获得了核心基因(Rasl11a、Map3k14、Dusp5、Dusp6、Arl4d、Kdm6b、Egr1、Egr3、Bcorl1)。WGCNA分析中的软阈值功率设置为9,一共生成了8个模块。最终获得了5个核心基因(Dusp1、Egr1、Egr2、Fos、Nr4a1)。核心基因表达量热图发现核心基因(Dusp1、Egr1、Egr2、Fos、Nr4a1)在术后应用羟考酮麻醉样本中均为高表达。CTD分析发现核心基因(Dusp1、Egr1、Egr2、Fos、Nr4a1)和免疫系统疾病、神经系统疾病、心律失常、心动过速、消化系统异常有关。结论:Egr1、Fos在术后应用羟考酮麻醉样本中高表达。Background: The role of Egr1 and Fos genes in oxycodone anesthesia post-surgery remains unclear. Methods: The oxycodone anesthesia dataset GSE232804 profile was downloaded from the GEO database, generated by GPL20084. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis were conducted. A heatmap of gene expression was generated. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to identify diseases most related to core genes, and TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs regulating central DEGs. Results: A total of 171 DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that in the BP category, they were primarily enriched in cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone, neuron differentiation, and regulation of synaptic plasticity. In the CC category, they were mainly enriched in the nucleus, transcription factor complex, and neuron cell body. In the MF category, they were focused on protein binding, transcription corepressor activity, and protein kinase activity. KEGG analysis showed enrichment in the MAPK signaling pathway, amphetamine addiction, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Core genes (Rasl11a, Map3k14, Dusp5, Dusp6, Arl4d, Kdm6b, Egr1, Egr3, Bcorl1) were identified in the PPI network. The soft-thresholding power in WGCNA analysis was set to 9, generating a total of eight modules. Five core genes (Dusp1, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nr4a1) were identified. The heatmap of core gene expression showed that Dusp1, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, and Nr4a1 were highly expressed in samples of oxycodone anesthesia post-surgery. CTD analysis revealed that the core genes (Dusp1, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nr4a1) were associated with immune system diseases, neurological diseases, arrhythmia, tachycardia, and digestive system abnormalities. Conclusion: Egr1 and Fos are highly expressed in oxycodone anesthesia samples post-surgery.展开更多
基金funding support from JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.21H01593 and 21K18794)through Tetsuya KogureThis work was also partially supported by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant(2023e2026)from the Japan Science Society(JSS)through Ashis Acharya.
文摘Real-time assessment of slope reinforcements to diagnose their state in all stages of service life is imperative for prompt evaluation of slope stability and establishing an efficient early warning(EW)system.Many point-based monitoring instruments have been used in the last few decades.However,these sensors suffer from a particular risk of detection failures and practical limitations.Fibre-optic sensing(FOS)technologies have been developed,tested,and validated across various geoengineering applications,including slope monitoring,as they offer exceptional advantages,such as high data-carrying capacity,precise mapping of physical parameters,durability,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.The deformation of rock/soil causes the deformation and fracture of reinforcement materials,which are subsequently transferred to the encapsulated fibre-optic(FO)sensors,providing valuable information on reinforcements'safety state and performance for early failure detection.This paper is devoted to critically analysing the application of cutting-edge FOS technologies for slope reinforcement monitoring.Firstly,a concise overview of the fundamental principles underlying discrete and distributed FOS methods is provided.The key considerations for selecting FO cables and the appropriate packaging techniques necessary to withstand the challenges posed by complex geological environments are also summarised.We delve into the details of three distinct cable installation techniques within slope reinforcement components:surface bonding,slot embedment,and clamping.The recent advancements in FOS methods for monitoring slope reinforcements such as rock bolts,soil nails,anti-slide piles,geosynthetics,and retaining walls are extensively reviewed.The paper addresses this novel sensing technique's challenges and comprehensively explores its prospects.This review is anticipated to be a valuable resource for geoengineers and researchers involved in slope monitoring through FOS technology,offering insightful perspectives and guidance.
基金support in providing the data and the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia supported this work under UTM Flagship CoE/RG-Coe/RG 5.2:Evaluating Surface PGA with Global Ground Motion Site Response Analyses for the highest seismic activity location in Peninsular Malaysia(Q.J130000.5022.10G47)Universiti Teknologi Malaysia-Earthquake Hazard Assessment in Peninsular Malaysia Using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis(PSHA)Method(Q.J130000.21A2.06E9).
文摘The prediction of slope stability is a complex nonlinear problem.This paper proposes a new method based on the random forest(RF)algorithm to study the rocky slopes stability.Taking the Bukit Merah,Perak and Twin Peak(Kuala Lumpur)as the study area,the slope characteristics of geometrical parameters are obtained from a multidisciplinary approach(consisting of geological,geotechnical,and remote sensing analyses).18 factors,including rock strength,rock quality designation(RQD),joint spacing,continuity,openness,roughness,filling,weathering,water seepage,temperature,vegetation index,water index,and orientation,are selected to construct model input variables while the factor of safety(FOS)functions as an output.The area under the curve(AUC)value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve is obtained with precision and accuracy and used to analyse the predictive model ability.With a large training set and predicted parameters,an area under the ROC curve(the AUC)of 0.95 is achieved.A precision score of 0.88 is obtained,indicating that the model has a low false positive rate and correctly identifies a substantial number of true positives.The findings emphasise the importance of using a variety of terrain characteristics and different approaches to characterise the rock slope.
文摘相较于传统的两步法,动力学一步法能充分利用观测数据的原始信息,理论上可获得更合理的时变重力场产品,同时也因其涉及的参数维度更多样、函数模型更复杂,一直是当前研究的热点和难点.本文研究并实现了动力学一步法恢复时变重力场,给出了合理的数据处理策略,而后基于GRACE-FO(GRACE Follow-On)星载GPS数据和KBR(K/Ka Band Ranging)距离变率数据反演了2021—2022年60阶全球月时变重力场模型.对于一步法中诸多技术细节,本文重点分析了先验权和经验参数对轨道确定和模型反演的影响,研究表明:当采用30 s采样率的GPS数据时,需适当对GPS数据降权,以免引入过多噪声,码伪距、载波相位和KBR距离变率数据的先验权比应为1:104:1014;为了保证轨道和模型质量,在反演过程中有必要引入经验参数以吸收残余的摄动力误差,相较其他经验参数(分段周期经验加速度、几何经验参数),分段常经验加速度在保证定轨精度的同时可更有效地吸收模型中的噪声.此外,在采用相同动力学参数配置时,动力学一步法反演的时变重力场模型无论是与官方模型的一致性还是内符合精度均优于两步法.最后,综合评估了整个时间跨度的轨道和时变重力场模型质量,结果显示,动力学一步法确定的轨道可满足厘米级需求,双星的卫星激光测距残差标准差均为1.6 cm,重力场模型与官方机构CSR(Center for Space Research)、JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)、GFZ(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam)最新发布的RL06.1模型一致性较好,在保留完整时变信号特征的前提下,噪声表现与CSR模型相当,优于JPL、GFZ模型.
文摘4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to both human health and ecosystems.Herein,for the first time,we developed near-infrared(NIR)responsive upconversion luminescence nanosensor for NP detection.The Förster resonance energy transfer based upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)-graphene oxide sensor offers highly selective and sensitive detection of NP in linear ranges of 5−200 ng/mL and 200−1000 ng/mL under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation,respectively,with LOD at 4.2 ng/mL.The sensors were successfully tested for NP detection in real liquid milk samples with excellent recovery results.The rare-earth fluoride based upconversion luminescence nanosensor with NIR excitation wavelength,holds promise for sensing food,environmental,and biological samples due to their high sensitivity,specific recognition,low LOD,negligible autofluorescence,along with the deep penetration of NIR excitation sources.
文摘背景:Egr1、Fos基因在手术后应用羟考酮麻醉中的作用尚不清楚。方法:羟考酮麻醉数据集GSE232804配置文件是从GPL20084生成的基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中下载的。进行差异表达基因(DEGs)的筛选,加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),功能富集分析,蛋白质–蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络的构建与分析。绘制基因表达量热图。通过毒理学基因组学比较数据库(CTD)寻找与核心基因的最相关的疾病。TargetScan用于筛选调节中枢DEG的miRNA。结果:共得到了171个DEGs。根据基因本体论(GO)分析,在BP分析中,它们主要富集在细胞对促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素刺激的反应、神经元分化、神经元突触可塑性的调节。在CC分析中,它们主要富集在核、转录因子复合体、神经元胞体。在MF分析中,它们主要集中在蛋白结合、转录辅抑制因子活性、蛋白激酶活性。在KEGG分析中,它们主要富集在MAPK信号通路、安非他命上瘾、nf-κB信号通路、TNF信号通路。PPI网络中获得了核心基因(Rasl11a、Map3k14、Dusp5、Dusp6、Arl4d、Kdm6b、Egr1、Egr3、Bcorl1)。WGCNA分析中的软阈值功率设置为9,一共生成了8个模块。最终获得了5个核心基因(Dusp1、Egr1、Egr2、Fos、Nr4a1)。核心基因表达量热图发现核心基因(Dusp1、Egr1、Egr2、Fos、Nr4a1)在术后应用羟考酮麻醉样本中均为高表达。CTD分析发现核心基因(Dusp1、Egr1、Egr2、Fos、Nr4a1)和免疫系统疾病、神经系统疾病、心律失常、心动过速、消化系统异常有关。结论:Egr1、Fos在术后应用羟考酮麻醉样本中高表达。Background: The role of Egr1 and Fos genes in oxycodone anesthesia post-surgery remains unclear. Methods: The oxycodone anesthesia dataset GSE232804 profile was downloaded from the GEO database, generated by GPL20084. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis were conducted. A heatmap of gene expression was generated. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to identify diseases most related to core genes, and TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs regulating central DEGs. Results: A total of 171 DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that in the BP category, they were primarily enriched in cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone, neuron differentiation, and regulation of synaptic plasticity. In the CC category, they were mainly enriched in the nucleus, transcription factor complex, and neuron cell body. In the MF category, they were focused on protein binding, transcription corepressor activity, and protein kinase activity. KEGG analysis showed enrichment in the MAPK signaling pathway, amphetamine addiction, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Core genes (Rasl11a, Map3k14, Dusp5, Dusp6, Arl4d, Kdm6b, Egr1, Egr3, Bcorl1) were identified in the PPI network. The soft-thresholding power in WGCNA analysis was set to 9, generating a total of eight modules. Five core genes (Dusp1, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nr4a1) were identified. The heatmap of core gene expression showed that Dusp1, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, and Nr4a1 were highly expressed in samples of oxycodone anesthesia post-surgery. CTD analysis revealed that the core genes (Dusp1, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nr4a1) were associated with immune system diseases, neurological diseases, arrhythmia, tachycardia, and digestive system abnormalities. Conclusion: Egr1 and Fos are highly expressed in oxycodone anesthesia samples post-surgery.
