Combined with current specifications and stress characteristics of concrete filled steel tubular （CFST） arch bridges, the determination principle of safe-middle-failure threestage mode is given. Accordingly, damage ...Combined with current specifications and stress characteristics of concrete filled steel tubular （CFST） arch bridges, the determination principle of safe-middle-failure threestage mode is given. Accordingly, damage probability and failure probability and the corresponding reliability indices are calculated; a direct relationship between reliability indices and three-stage working status is made. Based on the three-stage working mode, a combined FNM （finite element-neural network- Monte-Carlo simulation） method is put forward to estimate the reliability of existing bridges. According to time-dependent reliability theory, subsequent service time is divided into several stages; minimum samples required by the Monte-Carlo method are generated by random sampling; training samples are calculated by the finite element method, and the training samples are extended by the neural network; failure probability and damage probability are calculated by the Monte-Carlo method. Thus, time dependent reliability indices are obtained, and the working status is judged. A case study is investigated to estimate the reliability of an actual bridge by the FNM method. The bridge is a CFST arch bridge with an 83.6 m span and it has been in operation for 10 years. According to analysis results, in the tenth year, the example bridge is still in safe status. This conclusion is consistent with the facts, which proves the feasibility of the FNM method for estimating the reliability of existing bridges.展开更多
本文提出了一种可靠的图像去噪算法,基于观察图像是期望图像叠加了不规则噪声的假设,用有限高斯混合分布(FNM)描述期望图像分解小波系数(WC)的先验分布,用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)描述同一方向不同分解级之间的小波系数的依赖关系,采用Baye...本文提出了一种可靠的图像去噪算法,基于观察图像是期望图像叠加了不规则噪声的假设,用有限高斯混合分布(FNM)描述期望图像分解小波系数(WC)的先验分布,用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)描述同一方向不同分解级之间的小波系数的依赖关系,采用Bayes准则,根据期望图像的后验分布(以观测图像为条件)所对应的HMM模型的条件概率,用EM(expectation maximization)优化算法,获得MAP(maximization a posteriori)准则下的去噪图像。针对银基触头材料表面形貌去噪对几种算法作定性比较,并对去噪性能给出定量分析,仿真结果表明,此方法有效去除噪声的同时,能保留原始图像的细节信息。展开更多
This paper presents an improved thermal design methodology for wind power converters.It combines analysis and experimental thermal design tools,including heat transfer correlations,flow network modeling(FNM),computati...This paper presents an improved thermal design methodology for wind power converters.It combines analysis and experimental thermal design tools,including heat transfer correlations,flow network modeling(FNM),computational fluid dynamics(CFD),and experimental measurement techniques.Moreover,a systemic product development process is introduced and an effective combination between the product development process and the thermal design methodology is achieved.The draft CFD modeling at the initial design stage is done.Furthermore,it uses the detailed CFD modeling and experimental measurement techniques to provide a higher degree of accuracy at latter design stages.The key advantage of the improved methodology is its emphasis on the use of varied design tools,each of which is actively applied at its optimal point in the proposed product development process.Thus,during the earlier stages of the product development process,the thermal risk is systematically reduced,and longterm reliability of products is maintained in a higher degree.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10672060)
文摘Combined with current specifications and stress characteristics of concrete filled steel tubular （CFST） arch bridges, the determination principle of safe-middle-failure threestage mode is given. Accordingly, damage probability and failure probability and the corresponding reliability indices are calculated; a direct relationship between reliability indices and three-stage working status is made. Based on the three-stage working mode, a combined FNM （finite element-neural network- Monte-Carlo simulation） method is put forward to estimate the reliability of existing bridges. According to time-dependent reliability theory, subsequent service time is divided into several stages; minimum samples required by the Monte-Carlo method are generated by random sampling; training samples are calculated by the finite element method, and the training samples are extended by the neural network; failure probability and damage probability are calculated by the Monte-Carlo method. Thus, time dependent reliability indices are obtained, and the working status is judged. A case study is investigated to estimate the reliability of an actual bridge by the FNM method. The bridge is a CFST arch bridge with an 83.6 m span and it has been in operation for 10 years. According to analysis results, in the tenth year, the example bridge is still in safe status. This conclusion is consistent with the facts, which proves the feasibility of the FNM method for estimating the reliability of existing bridges.
文摘本文提出了一种可靠的图像去噪算法,基于观察图像是期望图像叠加了不规则噪声的假设,用有限高斯混合分布(FNM)描述期望图像分解小波系数(WC)的先验分布,用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)描述同一方向不同分解级之间的小波系数的依赖关系,采用Bayes准则,根据期望图像的后验分布(以观测图像为条件)所对应的HMM模型的条件概率,用EM(expectation maximization)优化算法,获得MAP(maximization a posteriori)准则下的去噪图像。针对银基触头材料表面形貌去噪对几种算法作定性比较,并对去噪性能给出定量分析,仿真结果表明,此方法有效去除噪声的同时,能保留原始图像的细节信息。
文摘This paper presents an improved thermal design methodology for wind power converters.It combines analysis and experimental thermal design tools,including heat transfer correlations,flow network modeling(FNM),computational fluid dynamics(CFD),and experimental measurement techniques.Moreover,a systemic product development process is introduced and an effective combination between the product development process and the thermal design methodology is achieved.The draft CFD modeling at the initial design stage is done.Furthermore,it uses the detailed CFD modeling and experimental measurement techniques to provide a higher degree of accuracy at latter design stages.The key advantage of the improved methodology is its emphasis on the use of varied design tools,each of which is actively applied at its optimal point in the proposed product development process.Thus,during the earlier stages of the product development process,the thermal risk is systematically reduced,and longterm reliability of products is maintained in a higher degree.
