提取练习效应(Retrieval Practice Effect,RPE)的研究揭示了提取直接促进记忆保持和间接促进后续学习(重学)的关键作用。研究表明,材料难度和提取难度是影响RPE的重要因素,但以往研究未具体区分二者对提取练习直接和间接效应的影响。实...提取练习效应(Retrieval Practice Effect,RPE)的研究揭示了提取直接促进记忆保持和间接促进后续学习(重学)的关键作用。研究表明,材料难度和提取难度是影响RPE的重要因素,但以往研究未具体区分二者对提取练习直接和间接效应的影响。实验1采用2(词对难度:简单,困难)×2(提取支持:无,有)的混合实验设计,考察材料难度和提取难度对提取练习直接效应的影响。实验2引入提取后重学因素,结合行为实验和fNIRS技术区分了材料难度和提取难度对提取练习两种效应的影响。结果发现,相比有提取支持条件,无提取支持条件下提取时颞上回脑区(与提取难度关联)的激活显著增强,且前额皮层脑区(与加工深度关联)在重学阶段表现出更高的激活水平,显著提高了最终记忆成绩。困难词对的提取练习效应弱于简单词对,但无提取支持条件下重学困难词对时,前额叶皮层脑区的激活水平显著更高,有效促进了困难词对提取后的重学效果(记忆成绩显著提高)。以上发现表明,提高提取难度增强了提取练习的直接和间接效应;提取有助于促进困难材料的后续学习,且增加提取难度有助于增强困难材料提取练习的间接效应。展开更多
This study innovatively employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology to investigate passengers’brain responses to various external stimuli during high-speed train operations,assessing their impact o...This study innovatively employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology to investigate passengers’brain responses to various external stimuli during high-speed train operations,assessing their impact on passenger comfort.Three stimuli are examined:passing through tunnels,sonic booms at tunnel exits,and two trains meeting within the tunnel.The analysis of environmental variables,including cabin noise,cabin-to-external pressure,and cabin-to-body acceleration,reveals that changes in auditory and pressure levels during the tunnel experience led to an 87%increase in oxygenated hemoglobin(HbO)levels in the temporal lobe(TL).This reflects a brief discomfort that subsides as passengers adapt,with HbO levels nearly returning to pre-tunnel levels upon exit.Among the stimuli,the sonic boom triggered the most significant neural response,with HbO fluctuations increased by 175%.In contrast,the impact of train meetings was minor,yielding an average HbO increase of only 14.21%.Connectivity analysis further shows significant enhancements in brain functional connectivity during tunnel entrance and sonic boom scenarios,with increases of 52%and 80%,respectively.Our findings contribute to passenger comfort assessment by establishing objective neurophysiological measures that quantify previously subjective experiences.The application of fNIRS in this dynamic environment creates new possibilities for evidence-based comfort optimization in railway design.展开更多
文摘提取练习效应(Retrieval Practice Effect,RPE)的研究揭示了提取直接促进记忆保持和间接促进后续学习(重学)的关键作用。研究表明,材料难度和提取难度是影响RPE的重要因素,但以往研究未具体区分二者对提取练习直接和间接效应的影响。实验1采用2(词对难度:简单,困难)×2(提取支持:无,有)的混合实验设计,考察材料难度和提取难度对提取练习直接效应的影响。实验2引入提取后重学因素,结合行为实验和fNIRS技术区分了材料难度和提取难度对提取练习两种效应的影响。结果发现,相比有提取支持条件,无提取支持条件下提取时颞上回脑区(与提取难度关联)的激活显著增强,且前额皮层脑区(与加工深度关联)在重学阶段表现出更高的激活水平,显著提高了最终记忆成绩。困难词对的提取练习效应弱于简单词对,但无提取支持条件下重学困难词对时,前额叶皮层脑区的激活水平显著更高,有效促进了困难词对提取后的重学效果(记忆成绩显著提高)。以上发现表明,提高提取难度增强了提取练习的直接和间接效应;提取有助于促进困难材料的后续学习,且增加提取难度有助于增强困难材料提取练习的间接效应。
基金Project(52202426)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(15205723,15226424)supported by the Research Grants Council(RGC)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,ChinaProject(KBBY1)supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region。
文摘This study innovatively employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology to investigate passengers’brain responses to various external stimuli during high-speed train operations,assessing their impact on passenger comfort.Three stimuli are examined:passing through tunnels,sonic booms at tunnel exits,and two trains meeting within the tunnel.The analysis of environmental variables,including cabin noise,cabin-to-external pressure,and cabin-to-body acceleration,reveals that changes in auditory and pressure levels during the tunnel experience led to an 87%increase in oxygenated hemoglobin(HbO)levels in the temporal lobe(TL).This reflects a brief discomfort that subsides as passengers adapt,with HbO levels nearly returning to pre-tunnel levels upon exit.Among the stimuli,the sonic boom triggered the most significant neural response,with HbO fluctuations increased by 175%.In contrast,the impact of train meetings was minor,yielding an average HbO increase of only 14.21%.Connectivity analysis further shows significant enhancements in brain functional connectivity during tunnel entrance and sonic boom scenarios,with increases of 52%and 80%,respectively.Our findings contribute to passenger comfort assessment by establishing objective neurophysiological measures that quantify previously subjective experiences.The application of fNIRS in this dynamic environment creates new possibilities for evidence-based comfort optimization in railway design.
