The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025 o...The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025 of the Campo Ma’an National park, South Region of Cameroon. Due to human activities in the area, the study site was divided into two Blocks (A and B). The transect method was employed in data collection. A total 14 long transects were established parallel to each other in blocks at a distance of 3 km apart, 8 transects in Block A and 6 Transects in Block. In each transect, plots of 20 × 500 m were established at intervals of 500 m. Within each plot, all individual trees ≥ 10 cm were identified, measured, and recorded. The DBH of all trees were measured at 1.3 using the DBH meter tape. The height of trees was measured through estimation (average estimates of all field researchers). Results revealed a total of eight thousand one hundred and twenty four (8124) individual plants with DBH ≥ 10 cm in the entire study area. From this number, 5113 tree stems ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured in Block A. This belongs to 216 species in 47 families. In block B a total of and 5011 stems were identified and measured. This belongs to 239 species in 47 families. Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families in the study site. Erythrophleum ivorense, Lophira alata, Dialium bipindense, Musanga cecropioides, Alstonia boonei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Guibourtia ehie, Staudtia kamerunensis, Desbordesia glaucescens, Sacoglottis gabonensis were found to be the most dominant plant species. 41 species are of conservation concern according to the IUCN global Red List 2023 and IUCN local status. These species are considered species with high-priority for conservation. We have 6 endangered species, 11 near Threatened species, and 25 vulnerable species. There was no significant difference in species diversity in the two Blocks.展开更多
Deforestation is one of the most crucial problems in Indonesia. It creates a number of environmental problems, e.g., landslides, loss of biological diversity, and decrease of carbon sequestration which are impacting h...Deforestation is one of the most crucial problems in Indonesia. It creates a number of environmental problems, e.g., landslides, loss of biological diversity, and decrease of carbon sequestration which are impacting human lives, There are a number of underlying causes, often stemmed from the emphasis on a particular forest management objective. Despite numerous forest policies and regulations established by the government, deforestation continues to happen. Quite often, the policies and regulations remain ＂paper tiger＂, which means ineffectual on the ground. One of the contributing factors to deforestation is the lack of custodian for the management of the forests. The regulation, such as law No. 41/1999, stipulates that all state forests must be managed under a FMI3 （forest management unit） as the custodians. The objective of this research is to develop an optimal model for FMU. Using the LGP （linear goal programming）, this research attempts to develop an optimum model for conservation areas. It assumes that the existing zoning approach implemented by the government in conservation areas is inappropriate. The optimum zoning model is expected to improve forest management and restore the forest function as a life supporting system and biological diversity conservation.展开更多
In recent decades,the design of complex systems like launch vehicles in the aerospace industry has presented engineers with challenges that go beyond system complexity.Issues such as time-to-market pressures and intri...In recent decades,the design of complex systems like launch vehicles in the aerospace industry has presented engineers with challenges that go beyond system complexity.Issues such as time-to-market pressures and intricate industrial processes have underscored the increasing significance of agile design methodologies.Agile design is derived from the simplification of the design process and enhancing cross-domain data transmission and feedback.While methods based on model-based system engineering have improved iteration times in system architecture design,challenges persist in cross-domain data transmission.Due to the diversity of complex system models and data,a single-mode integration method is difficult to realize the data link construction of all tools used.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dualmode data integration framework with expansibility,universality,and cost-efficiency which leverages the benefits of Remote Procedure Call and Intermediate Exchange Module,addressing the challenge of constructing cross-domain data links under single-mode integration.In this study,two critical requirements of the first-and second-stage separation systems,namely,weight and minimum separation gap,are selected for data feedback.A Modelica-based multiphysics simulation model is developed in MWorks;visualization and computation of the minimum gap are carried out in CoppeliaSim.To bridge the gap between domain-specific tools,Matlab and Functional Mock-up Unit modules are introduced as middleware,facilitating data feedback linkage.The entire simulation process is orchestrated using activity diagrams in the MagicDraw tool.The study delves into the influence of critical design parameters,such as the initial angular velocity of separation and the thrust of the retro rocket,on the minimum separation gap.It provides an analysis of minimum separation gap variations under uncertain operating conditions and examines design margins.Significantly,the paper highlights the significance of controlling the initial angular velocity during separation and the reliability of the retro rocket,providing essential decision supports and valuable insights to agile the process of system design.展开更多
Exchanging simulation models is currently of utmost importance.To improve interoperability between suppliers and original equipment manufacturers(OEMs),the functional mock-up interface(FMI)is exchanged in a standard f...Exchanging simulation models is currently of utmost importance.To improve interoperability between suppliers and original equipment manufacturers(OEMs),the functional mock-up interface(FMI)is exchanged in a standard format called functional mock-up unit(FMU).Since its first release,many simulation tools took the initiative to support FMI.However,since then,there have been many complaints stating that exchanging models via FMI does not work as stable as expected.The reason usually turned out to be the implementation of tool vendors that sometimes fail to comply with the standard fully.This paper introduces a methodology for testing FMI compliance of importing simulation tools using a set of reference FMUs.The standard defines the implementation of FMI functions calling sequence in a state machine.Therefore,conformance testing(also called fault detection)from automata theory is utilized to produce reference FMUs based on the FMI state-machine.展开更多
文摘The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025 of the Campo Ma’an National park, South Region of Cameroon. Due to human activities in the area, the study site was divided into two Blocks (A and B). The transect method was employed in data collection. A total 14 long transects were established parallel to each other in blocks at a distance of 3 km apart, 8 transects in Block A and 6 Transects in Block. In each transect, plots of 20 × 500 m were established at intervals of 500 m. Within each plot, all individual trees ≥ 10 cm were identified, measured, and recorded. The DBH of all trees were measured at 1.3 using the DBH meter tape. The height of trees was measured through estimation (average estimates of all field researchers). Results revealed a total of eight thousand one hundred and twenty four (8124) individual plants with DBH ≥ 10 cm in the entire study area. From this number, 5113 tree stems ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured in Block A. This belongs to 216 species in 47 families. In block B a total of and 5011 stems were identified and measured. This belongs to 239 species in 47 families. Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families in the study site. Erythrophleum ivorense, Lophira alata, Dialium bipindense, Musanga cecropioides, Alstonia boonei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Guibourtia ehie, Staudtia kamerunensis, Desbordesia glaucescens, Sacoglottis gabonensis were found to be the most dominant plant species. 41 species are of conservation concern according to the IUCN global Red List 2023 and IUCN local status. These species are considered species with high-priority for conservation. We have 6 endangered species, 11 near Threatened species, and 25 vulnerable species. There was no significant difference in species diversity in the two Blocks.
文摘Deforestation is one of the most crucial problems in Indonesia. It creates a number of environmental problems, e.g., landslides, loss of biological diversity, and decrease of carbon sequestration which are impacting human lives, There are a number of underlying causes, often stemmed from the emphasis on a particular forest management objective. Despite numerous forest policies and regulations established by the government, deforestation continues to happen. Quite often, the policies and regulations remain ＂paper tiger＂, which means ineffectual on the ground. One of the contributing factors to deforestation is the lack of custodian for the management of the forests. The regulation, such as law No. 41/1999, stipulates that all state forests must be managed under a FMI3 （forest management unit） as the custodians. The objective of this research is to develop an optimal model for FMU. Using the LGP （linear goal programming）, this research attempts to develop an optimum model for conservation areas. It assumes that the existing zoning approach implemented by the government in conservation areas is inappropriate. The optimum zoning model is expected to improve forest management and restore the forest function as a life supporting system and biological diversity conservation.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020YFB1708100“14th Five-Year Plan”Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project of China,Grant/Award Number:D020101。
文摘In recent decades,the design of complex systems like launch vehicles in the aerospace industry has presented engineers with challenges that go beyond system complexity.Issues such as time-to-market pressures and intricate industrial processes have underscored the increasing significance of agile design methodologies.Agile design is derived from the simplification of the design process and enhancing cross-domain data transmission and feedback.While methods based on model-based system engineering have improved iteration times in system architecture design,challenges persist in cross-domain data transmission.Due to the diversity of complex system models and data,a single-mode integration method is difficult to realize the data link construction of all tools used.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dualmode data integration framework with expansibility,universality,and cost-efficiency which leverages the benefits of Remote Procedure Call and Intermediate Exchange Module,addressing the challenge of constructing cross-domain data links under single-mode integration.In this study,two critical requirements of the first-and second-stage separation systems,namely,weight and minimum separation gap,are selected for data feedback.A Modelica-based multiphysics simulation model is developed in MWorks;visualization and computation of the minimum gap are carried out in CoppeliaSim.To bridge the gap between domain-specific tools,Matlab and Functional Mock-up Unit modules are introduced as middleware,facilitating data feedback linkage.The entire simulation process is orchestrated using activity diagrams in the MagicDraw tool.The study delves into the influence of critical design parameters,such as the initial angular velocity of separation and the thrust of the retro rocket,on the minimum separation gap.It provides an analysis of minimum separation gap variations under uncertain operating conditions and examines design margins.Significantly,the paper highlights the significance of controlling the initial angular velocity during separation and the reliability of the retro rocket,providing essential decision supports and valuable insights to agile the process of system design.
文摘Exchanging simulation models is currently of utmost importance.To improve interoperability between suppliers and original equipment manufacturers(OEMs),the functional mock-up interface(FMI)is exchanged in a standard format called functional mock-up unit(FMU).Since its first release,many simulation tools took the initiative to support FMI.However,since then,there have been many complaints stating that exchanging models via FMI does not work as stable as expected.The reason usually turned out to be the implementation of tool vendors that sometimes fail to comply with the standard fully.This paper introduces a methodology for testing FMI compliance of importing simulation tools using a set of reference FMUs.The standard defines the implementation of FMI functions calling sequence in a state machine.Therefore,conformance testing(also called fault detection)from automata theory is utilized to produce reference FMUs based on the FMI state-machine.
