考虑静态和动态两类数据生成过程,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,从估计偏差、实际检验水平和检验功效三个方面对FMOLS(Full Modified Ordinary Least Square)估计的渐近分析和自举分析进行全面比较。结果表明,与渐近分析相比,自举分析可以减小...考虑静态和动态两类数据生成过程,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,从估计偏差、实际检验水平和检验功效三个方面对FMOLS(Full Modified Ordinary Least Square)估计的渐近分析和自举分析进行全面比较。结果表明,与渐近分析相比,自举分析可以减小实际检验水平对名义水平的偏差,但要以检验功效的降低为代价。严格意义上,自举分析是降低了"拒真"错误出现的概率。相对稳健的选择是结合两方面的信息,渐近检验通过则接受原假设,自举检验拒绝则接受备择假设,对于其他情况,具体结论取决于人们的研究态度。展开更多
Greenhouse gas(GHG)emssions from fossil fuel consumption are driving global climate change.This study applied the fully modified ordinary least squares(FMOLS)model and pairwise panel Granger causality test to explore ...Greenhouse gas(GHG)emssions from fossil fuel consumption are driving global climate change.This study applied the fully modified ordinary least squares(FMOLS)model and pairwise panel Granger causality test to explore the relationships of GHG emissions with gross domestic product(GDP),population,urbanization,natural resource rents,foreign direct investment(FDI),and renewable energy consumption in 12 Middle East and North Africa(MENA)countries(Algeria,Bahrain,Comoros,Djibouti,Egypt,Qatar,Somalia,Saudi Arabia,Syria,the United Arab Emirates,Tunisia,and Yemen)from 1990 to 2023.Due to the limited data on renewable energy after 2020,the coverage of renewable energy consumption is from 1990 to 2021.Findings showed that Saudi Arabia,Egypt,Algeria,the United Arab Emirates,and Qatar are the top 5 GHG emitters in the MENA region,with the GHG emissions of the energy sector rising fastest among all sectors.Results also indicated that a 1.00%increase in GDP,population,urbanization,natural resource rents,and FDI raises GHG emissions by 0.48%,0.61%,0.86%,0.29%,and 0.11%,respectively.Conversely,a 1.00%increase in renewable energy consumption reduces GHG emissions by 0.13%.Effective policies promoting renewable energy investment and the adoption of renewable energy could significantly reduce electricity costs and GHG emissions,contributing to achieving climate goals,such as net-zero emissions and environmental sustainability.Additionally,the increase of renewable energy consumption and technology development would improve energy efficiency,create jobs,and stimulate economic growth in the MENA region.This study recommends tailored policy instruments to support the transition to low-emission technologies and strategies.展开更多
文摘考虑静态和动态两类数据生成过程,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,从估计偏差、实际检验水平和检验功效三个方面对FMOLS(Full Modified Ordinary Least Square)估计的渐近分析和自举分析进行全面比较。结果表明,与渐近分析相比,自举分析可以减小实际检验水平对名义水平的偏差,但要以检验功效的降低为代价。严格意义上,自举分析是降低了"拒真"错误出现的概率。相对稳健的选择是结合两方面的信息,渐近检验通过则接受原假设,自举检验拒绝则接受备择假设,对于其他情况,具体结论取决于人们的研究态度。
基金the support provided by the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) for facilitating this research
文摘Greenhouse gas(GHG)emssions from fossil fuel consumption are driving global climate change.This study applied the fully modified ordinary least squares(FMOLS)model and pairwise panel Granger causality test to explore the relationships of GHG emissions with gross domestic product(GDP),population,urbanization,natural resource rents,foreign direct investment(FDI),and renewable energy consumption in 12 Middle East and North Africa(MENA)countries(Algeria,Bahrain,Comoros,Djibouti,Egypt,Qatar,Somalia,Saudi Arabia,Syria,the United Arab Emirates,Tunisia,and Yemen)from 1990 to 2023.Due to the limited data on renewable energy after 2020,the coverage of renewable energy consumption is from 1990 to 2021.Findings showed that Saudi Arabia,Egypt,Algeria,the United Arab Emirates,and Qatar are the top 5 GHG emitters in the MENA region,with the GHG emissions of the energy sector rising fastest among all sectors.Results also indicated that a 1.00%increase in GDP,population,urbanization,natural resource rents,and FDI raises GHG emissions by 0.48%,0.61%,0.86%,0.29%,and 0.11%,respectively.Conversely,a 1.00%increase in renewable energy consumption reduces GHG emissions by 0.13%.Effective policies promoting renewable energy investment and the adoption of renewable energy could significantly reduce electricity costs and GHG emissions,contributing to achieving climate goals,such as net-zero emissions and environmental sustainability.Additionally,the increase of renewable energy consumption and technology development would improve energy efficiency,create jobs,and stimulate economic growth in the MENA region.This study recommends tailored policy instruments to support the transition to low-emission technologies and strategies.
