“闪光放射治疗”(简称“闪疗”)作为一种新兴的放射治疗技术,近年来引起了广泛关注。该技术通过在极短时间内使用超高剂量率照射肿瘤组织,有效杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,显著减少对周围正常组织的损伤。本研究系统综述了闪疗的起源和发展,探...“闪光放射治疗”(简称“闪疗”)作为一种新兴的放射治疗技术,近年来引起了广泛关注。该技术通过在极短时间内使用超高剂量率照射肿瘤组织,有效杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,显著减少对周围正常组织的损伤。本研究系统综述了闪疗的起源和发展,探讨了其生物学机制,并全面梳理其研究进展,以期推进闪疗的基础和临床研究。基于Web of Science核心合集和中国知网数据库的文献计量学分析结果表明,外文闪疗研究呈现快速增长趋势,共有52个国家的作者发表了949篇相关研究论文,其中美国(384篇,40.5%)、中国(107篇,11.3%)和瑞士(105篇,11.1%)为主要研究力量;相较之下,中国知网数据库仅收录了30篇中文研究论文,发文量较少且增长趋势较为缓慢。闪疗的研究重点方向主要包括生物学效应、技术设备、有效性、安全性以及临床前细胞实验和动物实验。展开更多
Objective:To investigate the differences in small intestinal toxicity and taxonomic composition,diversity,and functional pathways of gut microbiome and metabolome after different radiotherapies in mouse colorectal can...Objective:To investigate the differences in small intestinal toxicity and taxonomic composition,diversity,and functional pathways of gut microbiome and metabolome after different radiotherapies in mouse colorectal cancer(CRC)model.Methods:Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate(AOM/DSS)-induced mouse CRC model was treated with single pulse FLASH-RT(dose rate 100 Gy/s)or CONV-RT(dose rate 2 Gy/min)at whole abdomen.At 12 d after radiotherapy,sections of small intestinal tract tissue were dissected for hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and the fresh feces were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)microbiome sequencing and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(LC-MS)metabolomics sequencing to assess changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites.Microbial high-throughput 16S rRNA data was analyzed with QIIME2 and LEfSe softwares.ProteoWizard,XCMS and Ropls softwares were used for LC-MS analysis.Results:HE staining showed that FLASH-RT maintained small intestinal integrity and reduced the radiotherapyinduced injury.Sequencing analysis of gut fecal microbiome showed that phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella and Lactobacillus of microbial community were increased after FLASH-RT.Metabolomics sequencing analysis revealed that the metabolites after FLASH-RT were enriched in amino acid metabolism,while cholesterol metabolism was top enriched after CONV-RT.Conclusions:FLASH-RT significantly mitigates the small intestine tissue damage compared with CONV-RT.FLASHRT and CONV-RT have different impact on gut microbiota and its metabolites.Our results provide a theoretical basis for the early evaluation,prediction and individualized treatment of the irradiation effect after novel FLASHRT on tumors through the evaluation of intestinal microbiota and metabolites.展开更多
FLASH radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a new strategy for tumor treatment with an ultra-high dose rate of more than 40 Gy/s.Compared with conventional radiotherapy(CONV-RT),FLASH-RT has no different inhibitory effects on tumo...FLASH radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a new strategy for tumor treatment with an ultra-high dose rate of more than 40 Gy/s.Compared with conventional radiotherapy(CONV-RT),FLASH-RT has no different inhibitory effects on tumors but less damage to normal tissues,which is called the“spare”effect.The“spare”effect triggers our exploration of the great prospect of subverting conventional radiotherapy and its intricate mechanisms.Mitochondrial homeostasis,the immune microenvironment,or DNA integrity may potentially represent the primary breakthrough direction in understanding the mechanisms.Concurrently,it is imperative to advance timely clinical translation efforts.Clinical trials of FLASH-RT have progressed to Phase II in both the United States and Switzerland,with current findings suggesting that FLASH-RT achieves comparable efficacy to CONV-RT while mitigating side effects in select cancer cell types.While summarizing the existing FLASH experiments,this paper emphasizes the significance of clinical transformation and the challenges that will be faced and proposes possible solutions.展开更多
文摘“闪光放射治疗”(简称“闪疗”)作为一种新兴的放射治疗技术,近年来引起了广泛关注。该技术通过在极短时间内使用超高剂量率照射肿瘤组织,有效杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,显著减少对周围正常组织的损伤。本研究系统综述了闪疗的起源和发展,探讨了其生物学机制,并全面梳理其研究进展,以期推进闪疗的基础和临床研究。基于Web of Science核心合集和中国知网数据库的文献计量学分析结果表明,外文闪疗研究呈现快速增长趋势,共有52个国家的作者发表了949篇相关研究论文,其中美国(384篇,40.5%)、中国(107篇,11.3%)和瑞士(105篇,11.1%)为主要研究力量;相较之下,中国知网数据库仅收录了30篇中文研究论文,发文量较少且增长趋势较为缓慢。闪疗的研究重点方向主要包括生物学效应、技术设备、有效性、安全性以及临床前细胞实验和动物实验。
基金The study was supported by the Project from State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection(GZK1202221)the Nuclear Technology Application Excellent Experts Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(XKTJ-HRC2021002),China.
文摘Objective:To investigate the differences in small intestinal toxicity and taxonomic composition,diversity,and functional pathways of gut microbiome and metabolome after different radiotherapies in mouse colorectal cancer(CRC)model.Methods:Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate(AOM/DSS)-induced mouse CRC model was treated with single pulse FLASH-RT(dose rate 100 Gy/s)or CONV-RT(dose rate 2 Gy/min)at whole abdomen.At 12 d after radiotherapy,sections of small intestinal tract tissue were dissected for hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and the fresh feces were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)microbiome sequencing and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(LC-MS)metabolomics sequencing to assess changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites.Microbial high-throughput 16S rRNA data was analyzed with QIIME2 and LEfSe softwares.ProteoWizard,XCMS and Ropls softwares were used for LC-MS analysis.Results:HE staining showed that FLASH-RT maintained small intestinal integrity and reduced the radiotherapyinduced injury.Sequencing analysis of gut fecal microbiome showed that phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella and Lactobacillus of microbial community were increased after FLASH-RT.Metabolomics sequencing analysis revealed that the metabolites after FLASH-RT were enriched in amino acid metabolism,while cholesterol metabolism was top enriched after CONV-RT.Conclusions:FLASH-RT significantly mitigates the small intestine tissue damage compared with CONV-RT.FLASHRT and CONV-RT have different impact on gut microbiota and its metabolites.Our results provide a theoretical basis for the early evaluation,prediction and individualized treatment of the irradiation effect after novel FLASHRT on tumors through the evaluation of intestinal microbiota and metabolites.
文摘FLASH radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a new strategy for tumor treatment with an ultra-high dose rate of more than 40 Gy/s.Compared with conventional radiotherapy(CONV-RT),FLASH-RT has no different inhibitory effects on tumors but less damage to normal tissues,which is called the“spare”effect.The“spare”effect triggers our exploration of the great prospect of subverting conventional radiotherapy and its intricate mechanisms.Mitochondrial homeostasis,the immune microenvironment,or DNA integrity may potentially represent the primary breakthrough direction in understanding the mechanisms.Concurrently,it is imperative to advance timely clinical translation efforts.Clinical trials of FLASH-RT have progressed to Phase II in both the United States and Switzerland,with current findings suggesting that FLASH-RT achieves comparable efficacy to CONV-RT while mitigating side effects in select cancer cell types.While summarizing the existing FLASH experiments,this paper emphasizes the significance of clinical transformation and the challenges that will be faced and proposes possible solutions.
