Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybr...Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybrid control method was proposed.This method included a hybrid controller composed of a slope-based controller and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller.The speed of agricultural machinery was influenced by longitudinal forces,which were divided into two parts:one part was slope-related forces and conventional resistance,and the other was hard-to-estimate forces,such as sliding friction.For the first part,a slope-based controller was designed;for the second part,a PID controller was implemented.By combining these two controllers,the system can dynamically adjust the throttle opening and the brake master cylinder pressure,ensuring steady speed travel on sloping farmland.Simulation tests at a target speed of 7 km/h demonstrated that the proposed controller maintained a stable speed,achieving a root mean square error of 0.13 km/h and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.6%.Field tests on a practical experimental platform validated the method’s effectiveness,with results showing consistent control performance across varying slope conditions.The proposed controller demonstrated superior control performance.Experimental data verified that this method can achieve precise control of the agricultural machinery’s movement speed,meeting the stability requirements for agricultural operations.展开更多
Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for q...Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.展开更多
Slopes are likely to fail in areas with frequent rainfall and earthquakes.The deformation characteristics of unsaturated slopes subjected to post-rainfall earthquakes are investigated using centrifuge model tests and ...Slopes are likely to fail in areas with frequent rainfall and earthquakes.The deformation characteristics of unsaturated slopes subjected to post-rainfall earthquakes are investigated using centrifuge model tests and finite element analyses.Three tests of the slope deformation under earthquake and post-rainfall earthquakes are first studied using image analysis techniques.Then,based on an elastoplastic constitutive model,numerical simulations are carried out using the finite element method and compared with the centrifuge test results.Finally,a parametric study is performed to clarify the effects of antecedent rainfall on earthquake-induced slope deformation.The results show that slope deformation caused by post-rainfall earthquakes differs from that caused by earthquakes without antecedent rainfall.The seepage flow and soil strength of the slope are affected by previous rainfall conditions,such as intensity and duration,which directly influence the slope deformation caused by the subsequent earthquake.Soil displacement and strain become greater and the slip surface is more noticeable during the post-rainfall earthquake of higher intensity.In addition,the time interval between the rainfall and the earthquake has a considerable impact on the detailed characteristics of the slope deformation,and the significant deformation occurs at the time of lowest soil strength when seepage flow reaches the lower part of the slope.Moreover,the repeated intermittent rainfall greatly affects the subsequent earthquake-induced slope deformation,the main characteristics of which are closely related to the changes in saturation and strength of the slope.However,with the prolonged time gap between each round of rainfall,the earthquake-induced slope deformation becomes insignificant.展开更多
Slope units are divided according to the real topography and have clear geological characteristics,making them ideal units for evaluating the susceptibility to geological disasters.Based on the results of automaticall...Slope units are divided according to the real topography and have clear geological characteristics,making them ideal units for evaluating the susceptibility to geological disasters.Based on the results of automatically and manually corrected hydrological slope unit division,the Longhua District,Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,was selected as the study area.A total of 15 influencing factors,namely Fluctuation,slope,slope aspect,curvature,topographic witness index(TWI),stream power index(SPI),topographic roughness index(TRI),annual average rainfall,distance to water system,engineering rock group,distance to fault,land use,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),nighttime light,and distance to road,were selected as evaluation indicators.The information volume model(IV)and random points were used to select non-geological disaster units,and then the random forest model(RF)was used to evaluate the susceptibility to geological disasters.The automatic slope unit and the hydrological slope unit were compared and analyzed in the random forest and information volume random forest models.The results show that the area under the curve(AUC)values of the automatic slope unit evaluation results are 0.931 for the IV-RF model and 0.716 for the RF model,which are 0.6%(IV-RF model)and 1.9%(RF model)higher than those for the hydrological slope unit.Based on a comparison of the evaluation methods based on the two types of slope units,the hydrological slope unit evaluation method based on manual correction is highly subjective,is complicated to operate,and has a low evaluation accuracy,whereas the evaluation method based on automatic slope unit division is efficient and accurate,is suitable for large-scale efficient geological disaster evaluation,and can better deal with the problem of geological disaster susceptibility evaluation.展开更多
Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of p...Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of plant root systems.However,limited studies have explored their practical applications,particularly in improving slope stability.To fill this gap,this study investigates the reinforcement effect of root-inspired anchors on slope stabilization using transparent soil modeling and 3D-printed anchors,and examines the impact of anchor branching patterns(i.e.branching numbers,branching angle,and branching nodes)on slope bearing capacity,shear band evolution,and temporal and spatial variation of slope deformation.The results show that peak slope bearing capacity increases with branching numbers and branching angles,correlating with the envelope area of the curved shear band.Upper anchors result in step-like deflections in the shear band near the trailing edge,while lower anchors convert the upward concave shear band into an upward convex one,thus increasing the slope bearing capacity.Slope deformation is minimized with intermediate branching parameters,such as a branching number of 4 and a branching angle of 45°.The anchor reinforcement mechanisms,i.e.anchor rod shear resistance,interface friction,anchor pullout capacity,and plate tightening effects,are comprehensively discussed,and the installation effects resulting from compromise slope modeling are identified as the contributors.These findings shed light on the failure process of root-inspired anchors reinforced slopes and provide a preliminary reference for potential applications,especially for the tradeoff between anchor branching,slope deformation,and slope stability.展开更多
The stability of rock slopes is frequently controlled by the initiation and propagation of inherent dominant cracks.This study systematically investigated these processes in valley slopes by combining fracture-mechani...The stability of rock slopes is frequently controlled by the initiation and propagation of inherent dominant cracks.This study systematically investigated these processes in valley slopes by combining fracture-mechanics analysis with transparent soil model tests.An analytical expression for the stress field at the dominant crack tip was derived from the slope stress distribution by superposing the corresponding stress intensity factors(SIFs).The theoretical predictions were then validated against observations from transparent soil model tests.The influences of slope angle(β),crack inclination angle(α),crack position parameter(b),and crack length parameter(h)on crack initiation and propagation were quantified.The results indicated that:(1)cracks at the slope crest tended to propagate in shear mode,and the shear crack initiation angle(θ_(s))was approximately 8°.Cracks at the slope toe might propagate in either tensile or shear mode.(2)θ_(s) at the slope crest increased withβ,b,and l,and decreased withα.The maximum change inθ_(s) induced by the considered parameters was approximately 30°.(3)The tensile crack initiation angle(θ_(t))at the slop toe decreased withβ,α,and l,while the influence of b was comparatively minor.The maximum change inθ_(t) caused by individual parameters ranged approximately from 25°to 60°.Predicted crack propagation modes and directions showed good agreement with experimental results.These findings provide theoretical guidance for stability assessments of valley slopes controlled by dominant crack propagation.展开更多
Investigating the wind-sand flow response regularity in the longitudinal slope sections of desert highways provides a scientific basis for selecting the slope of desert roads.This study uses the Tengger Desert section...Investigating the wind-sand flow response regularity in the longitudinal slope sections of desert highways provides a scientific basis for selecting the slope of desert roads.This study uses the Tengger Desert section of the Wuhai-Maqin Expressway as a case study,employing CFD numerical simulation methods to calculate and analyze the wind-sand flow field distribution characteristics in different longitudinal slope sections.The results show that:(1)Along with the direction of the incoming flow,the windward and leeward slope toes of the embankment are low-wind-speed zones,with the wind speed at the leeward slope toe being even lower.The higher the embankment,the larger the low-wind-speed zone at the windward and leeward slope toes.As the longitudinal slope increases,the extent of the lowwind-speed zone at the same location along the route also increases.(2)Along the route direction,the wind speed at the windward and leeward slope toes decreases as embankment height increases.At the embankment toe,sand particles are transported from the top to the bottom of the longitudinal slope,and the greater the longitudinal slope,the stronger the transport effect.(3)Along the route direction,the sand accumulation around the embankment gradually gathers toward the bottom of the longitudinal slope as the slope increases.When the longitudinal slope is 3%and 4%,the trend of sand accumulation moving from the windward side at the end of the route to the leeward side at the start of the route is more significant.When the longitudinal slope is less than or equal to 3%,severe sand accumulation within the embankment range is reduced by 86.4%or more compared to when the slope is 4%.(4)Under the same longitudinal slope,the higher the embankment height,the smaller its transport rate.When the embankment height is the same,the greater the longitudinal slope,the greater the embankment transport rate.展开更多
This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material u...This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.展开更多
The identification of rock mass hazard sources is fundamental for preventing rockfall and landslide disasters in mountainous regions,with rock mass structural characteristics playing a vital role in hazard assessment....The identification of rock mass hazard sources is fundamental for preventing rockfall and landslide disasters in mountainous regions,with rock mass structural characteristics playing a vital role in hazard assessment.In this study,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)technologies were integrated to enhance the evaluation methodology for rock mass hazard sources,focusing on the Sichuan Yanjiang Expressway project in China.The findings demonstrate that TLS-UAV technology enhanced both spatial coverage and data density in slope modeling.Through integrated algorithmic analysis,rock discontinuities within heterogeneous datasets were systematically identified,enabling quantitative extraction and statistical analysis of key geometric parameters,including orientation,trace length,spacing,and roughness.Furthermore,quantitative models were developed for cohesion,friction angle and the morphology parameter M of in situ discontinuities,respectively,facilitating efficient mechanical parameter acquisition.A novel rock mass hazard index(RHI)was developed incorporating discontinuity geometric rating(DGR),discontinuity mechanical rating(DMR),and slope mass rating(SMR).Field validation confirmed the methodology's effectiveness in evaluating risk levels and spatial heterogeneity of rock mass hazard sources,revealing the contribution of different discontinuity sets to the rock mass hazard and identifying the primary discontinuity sets controlling instability mechanisms.This study is of great significance for evaluating discontinuity-controlled rock mass hazard sources and preventing rockfall disasters.展开更多
井工开采过程中,覆岩运动、应力演化及能量释放是影响安全生产的重要矿压与动力现象,但其隐蔽性、复杂性、间接性等特点给防灾减灾专业的教研教学带来了一定难度与挑战。传统教学方式受限于条件假设和不可视性,制约了学生对灾害机理的...井工开采过程中,覆岩运动、应力演化及能量释放是影响安全生产的重要矿压与动力现象,但其隐蔽性、复杂性、间接性等特点给防灾减灾专业的教研教学带来了一定难度与挑战。传统教学方式受限于条件假设和不可视性,制约了学生对灾害机理的深度理解与应用能力。基于此,该文将FLAC3D(fastlagrangian analysis of continua in 3D)数值模拟技术引入防灾减灾教学体系,阐述FLAC3D在教学中的实用价值,通过两个案例实验演示解释其在教学过程中的可视化、易接受的矿压响应特征、灾害诱因、优化防控措施,并评估教学质量的应用成效,给出优化建议。实践表明FLAC3D数值模拟技术可有效提升学生对矿山岩石力学与矿压响应特征的理解能力,培养其灾害预警与防范思维,以及工程决策能力。未来,随着具备强大数据处理和分析能力的AI技术的快速发展,可进一步与FLAC3D数值模拟基础软件深度联合,解析煤矿开采过程中复杂的数据信息,构建基于数据驱动的煤矿安全+教学与战略人才培养新模式。展开更多
文摘Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybrid control method was proposed.This method included a hybrid controller composed of a slope-based controller and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller.The speed of agricultural machinery was influenced by longitudinal forces,which were divided into two parts:one part was slope-related forces and conventional resistance,and the other was hard-to-estimate forces,such as sliding friction.For the first part,a slope-based controller was designed;for the second part,a PID controller was implemented.By combining these two controllers,the system can dynamically adjust the throttle opening and the brake master cylinder pressure,ensuring steady speed travel on sloping farmland.Simulation tests at a target speed of 7 km/h demonstrated that the proposed controller maintained a stable speed,achieving a root mean square error of 0.13 km/h and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.6%.Field tests on a practical experimental platform validated the method’s effectiveness,with results showing consistent control performance across varying slope conditions.The proposed controller demonstrated superior control performance.Experimental data verified that this method can achieve precise control of the agricultural machinery’s movement speed,meeting the stability requirements for agricultural operations.
基金supported by the Chongqing Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project(grant number:CQSLK-202329)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0991)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:52378327)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation Development Joint Fund(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0049)。
文摘Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(Grant No.2024M762769)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2024JC-YBQN-0333)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20232230).
文摘Slopes are likely to fail in areas with frequent rainfall and earthquakes.The deformation characteristics of unsaturated slopes subjected to post-rainfall earthquakes are investigated using centrifuge model tests and finite element analyses.Three tests of the slope deformation under earthquake and post-rainfall earthquakes are first studied using image analysis techniques.Then,based on an elastoplastic constitutive model,numerical simulations are carried out using the finite element method and compared with the centrifuge test results.Finally,a parametric study is performed to clarify the effects of antecedent rainfall on earthquake-induced slope deformation.The results show that slope deformation caused by post-rainfall earthquakes differs from that caused by earthquakes without antecedent rainfall.The seepage flow and soil strength of the slope are affected by previous rainfall conditions,such as intensity and duration,which directly influence the slope deformation caused by the subsequent earthquake.Soil displacement and strain become greater and the slip surface is more noticeable during the post-rainfall earthquake of higher intensity.In addition,the time interval between the rainfall and the earthquake has a considerable impact on the detailed characteristics of the slope deformation,and the significant deformation occurs at the time of lowest soil strength when seepage flow reaches the lower part of the slope.Moreover,the repeated intermittent rainfall greatly affects the subsequent earthquake-induced slope deformation,the main characteristics of which are closely related to the changes in saturation and strength of the slope.However,with the prolonged time gap between each round of rainfall,the earthquake-induced slope deformation becomes insignificant.
文摘Slope units are divided according to the real topography and have clear geological characteristics,making them ideal units for evaluating the susceptibility to geological disasters.Based on the results of automatically and manually corrected hydrological slope unit division,the Longhua District,Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,was selected as the study area.A total of 15 influencing factors,namely Fluctuation,slope,slope aspect,curvature,topographic witness index(TWI),stream power index(SPI),topographic roughness index(TRI),annual average rainfall,distance to water system,engineering rock group,distance to fault,land use,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),nighttime light,and distance to road,were selected as evaluation indicators.The information volume model(IV)and random points were used to select non-geological disaster units,and then the random forest model(RF)was used to evaluate the susceptibility to geological disasters.The automatic slope unit and the hydrological slope unit were compared and analyzed in the random forest and information volume random forest models.The results show that the area under the curve(AUC)values of the automatic slope unit evaluation results are 0.931 for the IV-RF model and 0.716 for the RF model,which are 0.6%(IV-RF model)and 1.9%(RF model)higher than those for the hydrological slope unit.Based on a comparison of the evaluation methods based on the two types of slope units,the hydrological slope unit evaluation method based on manual correction is highly subjective,is complicated to operate,and has a low evaluation accuracy,whereas the evaluation method based on automatic slope unit division is efficient and accurate,is suitable for large-scale efficient geological disaster evaluation,and can better deal with the problem of geological disaster susceptibility evaluation.
基金supported by the High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program(Grant No.G2022165004L)the Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2018-ZL-01)China Railway 20th Bureau Science and Technology Project(Grant No.YF1900SD07B).
文摘Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of plant root systems.However,limited studies have explored their practical applications,particularly in improving slope stability.To fill this gap,this study investigates the reinforcement effect of root-inspired anchors on slope stabilization using transparent soil modeling and 3D-printed anchors,and examines the impact of anchor branching patterns(i.e.branching numbers,branching angle,and branching nodes)on slope bearing capacity,shear band evolution,and temporal and spatial variation of slope deformation.The results show that peak slope bearing capacity increases with branching numbers and branching angles,correlating with the envelope area of the curved shear band.Upper anchors result in step-like deflections in the shear band near the trailing edge,while lower anchors convert the upward concave shear band into an upward convex one,thus increasing the slope bearing capacity.Slope deformation is minimized with intermediate branching parameters,such as a branching number of 4 and a branching angle of 45°.The anchor reinforcement mechanisms,i.e.anchor rod shear resistance,interface friction,anchor pullout capacity,and plate tightening effects,are comprehensively discussed,and the installation effects resulting from compromise slope modeling are identified as the contributors.These findings shed light on the failure process of root-inspired anchors reinforced slopes and provide a preliminary reference for potential applications,especially for the tradeoff between anchor branching,slope deformation,and slope stability.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.52379110 and 42207222)the Key Technologies for Accurate Diagnosis and Intelligent Prevention and Control of Slope Hazards in Open Pit Mines,181 Major R&D projects of Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd。
文摘The stability of rock slopes is frequently controlled by the initiation and propagation of inherent dominant cracks.This study systematically investigated these processes in valley slopes by combining fracture-mechanics analysis with transparent soil model tests.An analytical expression for the stress field at the dominant crack tip was derived from the slope stress distribution by superposing the corresponding stress intensity factors(SIFs).The theoretical predictions were then validated against observations from transparent soil model tests.The influences of slope angle(β),crack inclination angle(α),crack position parameter(b),and crack length parameter(h)on crack initiation and propagation were quantified.The results indicated that:(1)cracks at the slope crest tended to propagate in shear mode,and the shear crack initiation angle(θ_(s))was approximately 8°.Cracks at the slope toe might propagate in either tensile or shear mode.(2)θ_(s) at the slope crest increased withβ,b,and l,and decreased withα.The maximum change inθ_(s) induced by the considered parameters was approximately 30°.(3)The tensile crack initiation angle(θ_(t))at the slop toe decreased withβ,α,and l,while the influence of b was comparatively minor.The maximum change inθ_(t) caused by individual parameters ranged approximately from 25°to 60°.Predicted crack propagation modes and directions showed good agreement with experimental results.These findings provide theoretical guidance for stability assessments of valley slopes controlled by dominant crack propagation.
基金financially supported by Youth Science“Research on Failure Mechanism and Evaluation Method of Sand Control Measures for Railway Machinery in Sandy Area”(12302511)Ningxia Transportation Department Science and Technology Project(20200173)The Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Funds(22ZY1QA005)。
文摘Investigating the wind-sand flow response regularity in the longitudinal slope sections of desert highways provides a scientific basis for selecting the slope of desert roads.This study uses the Tengger Desert section of the Wuhai-Maqin Expressway as a case study,employing CFD numerical simulation methods to calculate and analyze the wind-sand flow field distribution characteristics in different longitudinal slope sections.The results show that:(1)Along with the direction of the incoming flow,the windward and leeward slope toes of the embankment are low-wind-speed zones,with the wind speed at the leeward slope toe being even lower.The higher the embankment,the larger the low-wind-speed zone at the windward and leeward slope toes.As the longitudinal slope increases,the extent of the lowwind-speed zone at the same location along the route also increases.(2)Along the route direction,the wind speed at the windward and leeward slope toes decreases as embankment height increases.At the embankment toe,sand particles are transported from the top to the bottom of the longitudinal slope,and the greater the longitudinal slope,the stronger the transport effect.(3)Along the route direction,the sand accumulation around the embankment gradually gathers toward the bottom of the longitudinal slope as the slope increases.When the longitudinal slope is 3%and 4%,the trend of sand accumulation moving from the windward side at the end of the route to the leeward side at the start of the route is more significant.When the longitudinal slope is less than or equal to 3%,severe sand accumulation within the embankment range is reduced by 86.4%or more compared to when the slope is 4%.(4)Under the same longitudinal slope,the higher the embankment height,the smaller its transport rate.When the embankment height is the same,the greater the longitudinal slope,the greater the embankment transport rate.
基金support from Research Council of Norway via STIPINST PhD grant(Grant No.323307),Bever Control AS,and Bane NOR.
文摘This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177142 and 52378477)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2023-YBSF-486).
文摘The identification of rock mass hazard sources is fundamental for preventing rockfall and landslide disasters in mountainous regions,with rock mass structural characteristics playing a vital role in hazard assessment.In this study,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)technologies were integrated to enhance the evaluation methodology for rock mass hazard sources,focusing on the Sichuan Yanjiang Expressway project in China.The findings demonstrate that TLS-UAV technology enhanced both spatial coverage and data density in slope modeling.Through integrated algorithmic analysis,rock discontinuities within heterogeneous datasets were systematically identified,enabling quantitative extraction and statistical analysis of key geometric parameters,including orientation,trace length,spacing,and roughness.Furthermore,quantitative models were developed for cohesion,friction angle and the morphology parameter M of in situ discontinuities,respectively,facilitating efficient mechanical parameter acquisition.A novel rock mass hazard index(RHI)was developed incorporating discontinuity geometric rating(DGR),discontinuity mechanical rating(DMR),and slope mass rating(SMR).Field validation confirmed the methodology's effectiveness in evaluating risk levels and spatial heterogeneity of rock mass hazard sources,revealing the contribution of different discontinuity sets to the rock mass hazard and identifying the primary discontinuity sets controlling instability mechanisms.This study is of great significance for evaluating discontinuity-controlled rock mass hazard sources and preventing rockfall disasters.
文摘井工开采过程中,覆岩运动、应力演化及能量释放是影响安全生产的重要矿压与动力现象,但其隐蔽性、复杂性、间接性等特点给防灾减灾专业的教研教学带来了一定难度与挑战。传统教学方式受限于条件假设和不可视性,制约了学生对灾害机理的深度理解与应用能力。基于此,该文将FLAC3D(fastlagrangian analysis of continua in 3D)数值模拟技术引入防灾减灾教学体系,阐述FLAC3D在教学中的实用价值,通过两个案例实验演示解释其在教学过程中的可视化、易接受的矿压响应特征、灾害诱因、优化防控措施,并评估教学质量的应用成效,给出优化建议。实践表明FLAC3D数值模拟技术可有效提升学生对矿山岩石力学与矿压响应特征的理解能力,培养其灾害预警与防范思维,以及工程决策能力。未来,随着具备强大数据处理和分析能力的AI技术的快速发展,可进一步与FLAC3D数值模拟基础软件深度联合,解析煤矿开采过程中复杂的数据信息,构建基于数据驱动的煤矿安全+教学与战略人才培养新模式。
