Objective To compare the efficacy of 3 internal fixations,locking proximal femoral plate (LPFP),ASI-AN IMHS and InterTAN,for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective study was do...Objective To compare the efficacy of 3 internal fixations,locking proximal femoral plate (LPFP),ASI-AN IMHS and InterTAN,for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective study was done to analyse展开更多
BACKGROUND In robot-assisted(RA)spine surgery,the relationship between the surgical outcome and the learning curve remains to be evaluated.AIM To analyze the learning curve of RA pedicle screw fixation(PSF)through fit...BACKGROUND In robot-assisted(RA)spine surgery,the relationship between the surgical outcome and the learning curve remains to be evaluated.AIM To analyze the learning curve of RA pedicle screw fixation(PSF)through fitting the operation time curve based on the cumulative summation method.METHODS RA PSFs that were initially completed by two surgeons at the Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 2016 to March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the cumulative sum of the operation time,the learning curves of the two surgeons were drawn and fit to polynomial curves.The learning curve was divided into the early and late stages according to the shape of the fitted curve.The operation time and screw accuracy were compared between the stages.RESULTS The turning point of the learning curves from Surgeons A and B appeared in the 18th and 17th cases,respectively.The operation time[150(128,188)min vs 120(105,150)min,P=0.002]and the screw accuracy(87.50%vs 96.30%,P=0.026)of RA surgeries performed by Surgeon A were significantly improved after he completed 18 cases.In the case of Surgeon B,the operation time(177.35±28.18 min vs 150.00±34.64 min,P=0.024)was significantly reduced,and the screw accuracy(91.18%vs 96.15%,P=0.475)was slightly improved after the surgeon completed 17 RA surgeries.CONCLUSION After completing 17 to 18 cases of RA PSFs,surgeons can pass the learning phase of RA technology.The operation time is reduced afterward,and the screw accuracy shows a trend of improvement.展开更多
Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalyst...Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.展开更多
A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance wa...A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance was evaluated.Results showed that ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)(OD-2)obtained by adding 1.5 mL of ethylene glycol during preparation exhibited the optimal nitrogen fixation performance,with a nitrogen fixation rate of 114.92μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).However,its crystal counterpart,Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO),lacked nitrogen-fixation activity.In-situ diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique(DR-FTIR),electrochemical tests,and energy band structure analysis confirmed that the surface disordered structure in OD-2 not only promoted nitrogen activation but also enabled the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the ordered-disordered interface,facilitating the interface electrons transfer to the surface disordered structure of OD-2 and reacting with N_(2) adsorbed on the disordered structure,thereby promoting the smooth progress of the nitrogen fixation reaction.展开更多
The direct transformation of dinitrogen(N_(2)) into nitrogen-containing organic compounds holds substantial importance.In this work,we report a titanium-promoted method for the conversion of N_(2) to N-methylimides.In...The direct transformation of dinitrogen(N_(2)) into nitrogen-containing organic compounds holds substantial importance.In this work,we report a titanium-promoted method for the conversion of N_(2) to N-methylimides.Initially,the N_(2)-bridging end-on dititanium side-on dipotassium complex[{(Tren^(TMS))Ti}_(2)(μ-η^(1):η^(1):η^(2):η^(2)-N_(2)K_(2))] underwent simultaneous disproportionation and N-methylation reactions in the presence of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate(Me OTf),yielding [{(N^(Me,TMS)NN^(TMS)_(2))Ti}(μ-NMe)]_(2) with complete cleavage of the N≡N bond.The nucleophilicity of the N-methylated intermediate allowed it to react with electrophilic reagents such as trimethylchlorosilane(TMSCl) to form heptamethyldisilazane,or with acyl chlorides to generate N-methylimides.Moreover,nitrogen-15(^(15)N) labeled experiments provided a novel approach to synthesizing ^(15)N-labeled methylimides.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale p...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale photocatalysts offer enhanced performance due to their high surface area and abundant active sites,their small size makes them difficult to recover and prone to agglomeration.These bottlenecks severely limit industrial application.A promising solution is to immobilize the catalysts onto support surfaces.This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the design of immobilized photocatalysts for ammonia synthesis.It begins by outlining the key benefits of immobilization strategies,particularly in improving catalyst stability,recyclability,and overall photocatalytic performance.The working mechanisms and features of various immobilization techniques are then categorized and explained,covering physical adsorption/deposition,chemical bonding,in situ growth,and hybrid physico-chemical methods.Supported materials and common substrate types are also summarized.Furthermore,the widely used configurations of photoreactors suitable for immobilized systems are introduced.Finally,the review identifies current research limitations and challenges,and offers perspectives on future developments in the field of immobilized photocatalysis.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected ...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected from May 2021 to May 2025, consisting of 80 patients with hand surgery fractures. These patients were randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method: the plate fixation group (40 cases, treated with open reduction and plate fixation) and the Kirschner wire fixation group (40 cases, treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation). The therapeutic effects between the two groups were randomly compared. Results: The Kirschner wire fixation group outperformed the plate fixation group in all indicators except for hand function scores (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hand function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open reduction and plate fixation, closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation for patients with hand surgery fractures achieves a more pronounced therapeutic effect, with advantages such as less trauma, shorter operation time, less bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. It is suitable for hand surgery fractures with good stability. Open reduction and plate internal fixation have greater advantages in complex fractures and cases requiring high stability, and are worthy of promotion and application.展开更多
As the core of cathode materials,sensitive metals play important roles in the optimization of acetate production from carbon dioxide(CO_(2))in microbial electrochemical system(MES).In this work,iron(Fe),copper(Cu),and...As the core of cathode materials,sensitive metals play important roles in the optimization of acetate production from carbon dioxide(CO_(2))in microbial electrochemical system(MES).In this work,iron(Fe),copper(Cu),and nickel(Ni)as sensitive metal cathode materials were evaluated for CO_(2) conversion in MES.The MES with Feelectrode as a promising electrode material demonstrated a superior CO_(2) reduction performance with a maximum acetate accumulation of 417.9±39.2 mg/L,which was 1.5 and 1.7 folds higher than that in the Ni-electrode and Cu-electrode groups,respectively.Furthermore,an outstanding electron recovery efficiency of 67.7%was shown in the Fe-electrode group.The electron transfer between electrode-suspended sludge was systematically cross-evaluated by the electrochemical behavior and extracellular polymeric substances.The Fe-electrode group had the highest electron transfer rate with 0.194 s-1(k_(app)),which was 17.6 and 21.5 times higher than that of the Cu-and Ni-electrode groups,respectively.Fe-electrode was beneficial for reducing electrochemical impedance between the electrode and suspended sludge.Additionally,redox substances in extracellular polymeric substances of the Fe-electrode group were increased,implying more favorable electron transport dynamics.Simultaneously,enrichments of functional bacteria Acetoanerobium and increased key enzymes involved in the carbonyl pathway of the Fe-electrode group were observed,which also promoted CO_(2) conversion in MES.This study provides a perspective on evaluating the promising sensitive metal electrode material for the process of CO_(2) valorization in MES and offers a reference for the subsequent electrode modification.展开更多
Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A fiel...Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.展开更多
The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inse...The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:Thi...AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied ...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice...The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou(25°05'N,119°13'E),Southeast China:ratooning rice(RR:MC+RSR)pattern for rice ratooning,single-cropping rice(LR_(1)),and double-cropping rice(DC:ER+LR_(2)).The closed static dark box gas collection,dry matter determination,life cycle assessment(LCA)etc.approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of“high carbon fixation–low emissions”mechanism in RR.A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions,including crop yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon and nitrogen footprints,resource use efficiency,carbon sequestration capacity,and carbon budget balance.Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice(RSR)across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40%higher than that of the main crop(MC)and LR_(1),and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76%higher than DC.This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26%increase in the allocation of^(13)C-labeled photosynthetic products(including non-structural carbohydrates,NSCs)to panicle organs,and a 21.77–43.51%reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.Furthermore,the average daily global warming potential(GWP)was 16.44 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for RR,24.99 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 21.32 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Specifically,the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21%lower than that of LR_(1) and 22.90%lower than double-cropping rice.Similarly,the average daily greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of ratoon rice was 62.28%lower than LR_(1) and 28.96%lower than double-cropping rice.In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints,the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.47 kg N ha^(–1),respectively.In comparison,LR_(1) had values of 45.63 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.49 kg N ha^(–1),while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.53 kg N ha^(–1).These values represent reductions of 24.30%in carbon footprint and4.28%in nitrogen footprint relative to LR_(1),and 20.38 and 11.45%relative to double-cropping rice,respectively.Moreover,the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for ratoon rice(MC+RSR),11,228.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 23,772.15 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Consequently,the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50%higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems,respectively.Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%,respectively.These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.展开更多
Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junct...Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.展开更多
The locking plate and percutaneous crossing metallic screws and crossing absorbable screws have been used clinically to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures, but little is known about the biomechanical difference...The locking plate and percutaneous crossing metallic screws and crossing absorbable screws have been used clinically to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures, but little is known about the biomechanical differences between them. This study compared the biomechanical stability of calcaneal fractures fixed using a locking plate and crossing screws. Three-dimensional finite-element models of intact and fractured calcanei were developed based on the CT images of a cadaveric sample. Surgeries were simulated on models of Sanders type III calcaneal fractures to produce accurate postoperative models fixed by the three implants. A vertical force was applied to the superior surface of the subtalar joint to simulate the stance phase of a walking gait. This model was validated by an in vitro experiment using the same calcaneal sample. The intact calcaneus showed greater stiffness than the fixation models. Of the three fixations, the locking plate produced the greatest stiffness and the highest von Mises stress peak. The micromotion of the fracture fixated with the locking plate was similar to that of the fracture fixated with the metallic screws but smaller than that fixated with the absorbable screws. Fixation with both plate and crossing screws can be used to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures. In general, fixation with crossing metallic screws is preferable because it provides sufficient stability with less stress shielding.展开更多
Global warming caused by the emission of CO_(2) in industrial flue gas has attractedmore and more attention.Therefore,to fix CO_(2) with high efficiency and environmentally friendly had become the hot research field.C...Global warming caused by the emission of CO_(2) in industrial flue gas has attractedmore and more attention.Therefore,to fix CO_(2) with high efficiency and environmentally friendly had become the hot research field.Compared with the traditional coal-fired power plant flue gas emission reduction technology,carbon fixation and emission reduction by microalgae is considered as a promising technology due to the advantages of simple process equipment,convenient operation and environmental protection.When the flue gas is treated by microalgae carbon fixation and emission reduction technology,microalgae cells can fix CO_(2) in the flue gas through photosynthesis,and simultaneously absorb NO_(x) and SO_(x) as nitrogen and sulfur sources required for growth.Meanwhile,they can also absorb mercury,selenium,arsenic,cadmium,lead and other heavy metal ions in the flue gas to obtain microalgae biomass.The obtained microalgae biomass can be further transformed into high valueadded products,which has broad development prospects.This paper reviews the mechanisms and pathways of CO_(2) sequestration,the mechanism and impacts of microalgal emission reduction of flue gas pollutants,and the applications of carbon sequestration in industrial flue gas by microalgae.Finally,this paper provides some guidelines and prospects for the research and application of green emission reduction technology for industrial flue gas.展开更多
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a transformative field in agriculture,offering innovative solutions to enhance food security,provide resilience to climate change,and transition to sustainable farming practices....Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a transformative field in agriculture,offering innovative solutions to enhance food security,provide resilience to climate change,and transition to sustainable farming practices.By integrating advanced genetic tools,computational modeling,and systems biology,researchers can precisely modify plant genomes to enhance traits such as yield,stress tolerance,and nutrient use efficiency.The ability to design plants with specific characteristics tailored to diverse environmental conditions and agricultural needs holds great potential to address global food security challenges.Here,we highlight recent advancements and applications of plant synthetic biology in agriculture,focusing on key areas such as photosynthetic efficiency,nitrogen fixation,drought tolerance,pathogen resistance,nutrient use efficiency,biofortification,climate resilience,microbiology engineering,synthetic plant genomes,and the integration of artificial intelligence with synthetic biology.These innovations aim to maximize resource use efficiency,reduce reliance on external inputs,and mitigate environmental impacts associated with conventional agricultural practices.Despite challenges related to regulatory approval and public acceptance,the integration of synthetic biology in agriculture holds immense promise for creating more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems,contributing to global food security and environmental sustainability.Rigorous multi-field testing of these approaches will undoubtedly be required to ensure reproducibility.展开更多
The advancement in catalysis techniques for sustainable environmental applications,particularly an alternative to the current Haber-Bosch process for NH_(3),has recently gained widespread attention.Although photocatal...The advancement in catalysis techniques for sustainable environmental applications,particularly an alternative to the current Haber-Bosch process for NH_(3),has recently gained widespread attention.Although photocatalytic conversion of N_(2) to NH_(3) using solar energy is an eco-friendly method,it has the limitation of low quantum yield.Recently,2D Bi-based photocatalysts which exhibit higher visible light absorption than TiO_(2) and higher stability than MXene have been an active research topic,and their performance can be enhanced through improved visible light absorption properties by incorporating plasmonic gold nanoparticles while nitrogen adsorption could be enhanced through oxygen vacancy(OV)processes.In the present study,we explore the application of 2D nanosized Bi_(2)O_(3–x) and gold nanoparticles for visible light photo generation of NH_(3).HRTEM and XPS reveal that the formation of AuNP and nano-sized Bi_(2)O_(3–x) in AuNP/Bi_(2)O_(3–x) heterozygote structure promotes the charge carrier mobility and charge transport at the interface,resulting in a 2.6-fold increase in the photocatalytic activity compared to micro-sized Bi_(2)O_(3–x) with AuNP.The improved photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to significant enhancement of visible light absorption by plasmonic nanoparticles,fast charge transport and mobility(due to sheet morphology)and the N_(2) activation by OV in AuNP/Bi_(2)O_(3–x) heterozygote.Through a systematic experimental investigation involving catalysts,concentration,pH,and scavengers,the highest photocatalytic performance was achieved with the heterozygote structures of AuNP/n-Bi_(2)O_(3–x) under optimized conditions,yielding 432.5μmol gcat^(-1) h^(-1) of NH_(3).展开更多
Potassium hydroxide(KOH)was introduced into the molybdenite roasting process to convert molybdenum(Mo)and sulfur(S)into water-soluble potassium molybdate(K_(2)MoO_(4))and potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)).Roasting with a...Potassium hydroxide(KOH)was introduced into the molybdenite roasting process to convert molybdenum(Mo)and sulfur(S)into water-soluble potassium molybdate(K_(2)MoO_(4))and potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)).Roasting with a 1.8-fold excess of KOH at 400℃ for 3 h enabled the leaching of over 99%of Mo from the molybdenum calcine using water.A precipitation method involving potassium–magnesium(K-Mg)salts was proposed for impurity removal.Under the conditions of pH 11,30℃,excess coefficient of 1.7 for Mg salts,and a duration of 1 h,98.37%of phosphorus(P)was removed from the K_(2)MoO_(4) solution.With post-purification,over 99%of Mo crystallized upon adjustment of pH to 1.Subsequently,S and K were recovered as K_(2)SO_(4) fertilizer from the crystalline mother liquor.An environmentally sustainable approach was proposed to conduct molybdenite production and ensure the efficient recovery of both Mo and S.展开更多
文摘Objective To compare the efficacy of 3 internal fixations,locking proximal femoral plate (LPFP),ASI-AN IMHS and InterTAN,for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective study was done to analyse
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1713221.
文摘BACKGROUND In robot-assisted(RA)spine surgery,the relationship between the surgical outcome and the learning curve remains to be evaluated.AIM To analyze the learning curve of RA pedicle screw fixation(PSF)through fitting the operation time curve based on the cumulative summation method.METHODS RA PSFs that were initially completed by two surgeons at the Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 2016 to March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the cumulative sum of the operation time,the learning curves of the two surgeons were drawn and fit to polynomial curves.The learning curve was divided into the early and late stages according to the shape of the fitted curve.The operation time and screw accuracy were compared between the stages.RESULTS The turning point of the learning curves from Surgeons A and B appeared in the 18th and 17th cases,respectively.The operation time[150(128,188)min vs 120(105,150)min,P=0.002]and the screw accuracy(87.50%vs 96.30%,P=0.026)of RA surgeries performed by Surgeon A were significantly improved after he completed 18 cases.In the case of Surgeon B,the operation time(177.35±28.18 min vs 150.00±34.64 min,P=0.024)was significantly reduced,and the screw accuracy(91.18%vs 96.15%,P=0.475)was slightly improved after the surgeon completed 17 RA surgeries.CONCLUSION After completing 17 to 18 cases of RA PSFs,surgeons can pass the learning phase of RA technology.The operation time is reduced afterward,and the screw accuracy shows a trend of improvement.
基金supported by the funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0904700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471477)to Cheng Qi.
文摘Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.
文摘A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance was evaluated.Results showed that ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)(OD-2)obtained by adding 1.5 mL of ethylene glycol during preparation exhibited the optimal nitrogen fixation performance,with a nitrogen fixation rate of 114.92μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).However,its crystal counterpart,Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO),lacked nitrogen-fixation activity.In-situ diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique(DR-FTIR),electrochemical tests,and energy band structure analysis confirmed that the surface disordered structure in OD-2 not only promoted nitrogen activation but also enabled the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the ordered-disordered interface,facilitating the interface electrons transfer to the surface disordered structure of OD-2 and reacting with N_(2) adsorbed on the disordered structure,thereby promoting the smooth progress of the nitrogen fixation reaction.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22025109,22371283)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2023YFA1507902)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (No.YSBR-050)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology (No.KF2102) are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘The direct transformation of dinitrogen(N_(2)) into nitrogen-containing organic compounds holds substantial importance.In this work,we report a titanium-promoted method for the conversion of N_(2) to N-methylimides.Initially,the N_(2)-bridging end-on dititanium side-on dipotassium complex[{(Tren^(TMS))Ti}_(2)(μ-η^(1):η^(1):η^(2):η^(2)-N_(2)K_(2))] underwent simultaneous disproportionation and N-methylation reactions in the presence of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate(Me OTf),yielding [{(N^(Me,TMS)NN^(TMS)_(2))Ti}(μ-NMe)]_(2) with complete cleavage of the N≡N bond.The nucleophilicity of the N-methylated intermediate allowed it to react with electrophilic reagents such as trimethylchlorosilane(TMSCl) to form heptamethyldisilazane,or with acyl chlorides to generate N-methylimides.Moreover,nitrogen-15(^(15)N) labeled experiments provided a novel approach to synthesizing ^(15)N-labeled methylimides.
基金support for carrying out this work was provided by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Weifang University(2024BS20)Science and Technology Development Plan Foundation of Weifang(2024GX017).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale photocatalysts offer enhanced performance due to their high surface area and abundant active sites,their small size makes them difficult to recover and prone to agglomeration.These bottlenecks severely limit industrial application.A promising solution is to immobilize the catalysts onto support surfaces.This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the design of immobilized photocatalysts for ammonia synthesis.It begins by outlining the key benefits of immobilization strategies,particularly in improving catalyst stability,recyclability,and overall photocatalytic performance.The working mechanisms and features of various immobilization techniques are then categorized and explained,covering physical adsorption/deposition,chemical bonding,in situ growth,and hybrid physico-chemical methods.Supported materials and common substrate types are also summarized.Furthermore,the widely used configurations of photoreactors suitable for immobilized systems are introduced.Finally,the review identifies current research limitations and challenges,and offers perspectives on future developments in the field of immobilized photocatalysis.
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected from May 2021 to May 2025, consisting of 80 patients with hand surgery fractures. These patients were randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method: the plate fixation group (40 cases, treated with open reduction and plate fixation) and the Kirschner wire fixation group (40 cases, treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation). The therapeutic effects between the two groups were randomly compared. Results: The Kirschner wire fixation group outperformed the plate fixation group in all indicators except for hand function scores (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hand function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open reduction and plate fixation, closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation for patients with hand surgery fractures achieves a more pronounced therapeutic effect, with advantages such as less trauma, shorter operation time, less bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. It is suitable for hand surgery fractures with good stability. Open reduction and plate internal fixation have greater advantages in complex fractures and cases requiring high stability, and are worthy of promotion and application.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Foundation(No.22230710500)the Interdisciplinary joint research project of Tongji University(No.2023-3-YB-07).
文摘As the core of cathode materials,sensitive metals play important roles in the optimization of acetate production from carbon dioxide(CO_(2))in microbial electrochemical system(MES).In this work,iron(Fe),copper(Cu),and nickel(Ni)as sensitive metal cathode materials were evaluated for CO_(2) conversion in MES.The MES with Feelectrode as a promising electrode material demonstrated a superior CO_(2) reduction performance with a maximum acetate accumulation of 417.9±39.2 mg/L,which was 1.5 and 1.7 folds higher than that in the Ni-electrode and Cu-electrode groups,respectively.Furthermore,an outstanding electron recovery efficiency of 67.7%was shown in the Fe-electrode group.The electron transfer between electrode-suspended sludge was systematically cross-evaluated by the electrochemical behavior and extracellular polymeric substances.The Fe-electrode group had the highest electron transfer rate with 0.194 s-1(k_(app)),which was 17.6 and 21.5 times higher than that of the Cu-and Ni-electrode groups,respectively.Fe-electrode was beneficial for reducing electrochemical impedance between the electrode and suspended sludge.Additionally,redox substances in extracellular polymeric substances of the Fe-electrode group were increased,implying more favorable electron transport dynamics.Simultaneously,enrichments of functional bacteria Acetoanerobium and increased key enzymes involved in the carbonyl pathway of the Fe-electrode group were observed,which also promoted CO_(2) conversion in MES.This study provides a perspective on evaluating the promising sensitive metal electrode material for the process of CO_(2) valorization in MES and offers a reference for the subsequent electrode modification.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301962 and 31901127)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752947)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20232437)the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2023C02)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(252300420222)。
文摘Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42377227)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.2232061)。
文摘The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22172144 and 22272151)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C03148).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016yfd30300508,2017YFD0301602,and 2018yfd0301105)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(kf2015043)。
文摘The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou(25°05'N,119°13'E),Southeast China:ratooning rice(RR:MC+RSR)pattern for rice ratooning,single-cropping rice(LR_(1)),and double-cropping rice(DC:ER+LR_(2)).The closed static dark box gas collection,dry matter determination,life cycle assessment(LCA)etc.approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of“high carbon fixation–low emissions”mechanism in RR.A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions,including crop yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon and nitrogen footprints,resource use efficiency,carbon sequestration capacity,and carbon budget balance.Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice(RSR)across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40%higher than that of the main crop(MC)and LR_(1),and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76%higher than DC.This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26%increase in the allocation of^(13)C-labeled photosynthetic products(including non-structural carbohydrates,NSCs)to panicle organs,and a 21.77–43.51%reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.Furthermore,the average daily global warming potential(GWP)was 16.44 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for RR,24.99 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 21.32 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Specifically,the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21%lower than that of LR_(1) and 22.90%lower than double-cropping rice.Similarly,the average daily greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of ratoon rice was 62.28%lower than LR_(1) and 28.96%lower than double-cropping rice.In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints,the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.47 kg N ha^(–1),respectively.In comparison,LR_(1) had values of 45.63 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.49 kg N ha^(–1),while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.53 kg N ha^(–1).These values represent reductions of 24.30%in carbon footprint and4.28%in nitrogen footprint relative to LR_(1),and 20.38 and 11.45%relative to double-cropping rice,respectively.Moreover,the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for ratoon rice(MC+RSR),11,228.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 23,772.15 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Consequently,the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50%higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems,respectively.Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%,respectively.These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,No.52372212)。
文摘Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(20144Y0250,20134Y207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11302154,11272273)The Hong Kong Research Grant Council GRF(PolyU152216/14E,PolyU5326/11E)
文摘The locking plate and percutaneous crossing metallic screws and crossing absorbable screws have been used clinically to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures, but little is known about the biomechanical differences between them. This study compared the biomechanical stability of calcaneal fractures fixed using a locking plate and crossing screws. Three-dimensional finite-element models of intact and fractured calcanei were developed based on the CT images of a cadaveric sample. Surgeries were simulated on models of Sanders type III calcaneal fractures to produce accurate postoperative models fixed by the three implants. A vertical force was applied to the superior surface of the subtalar joint to simulate the stance phase of a walking gait. This model was validated by an in vitro experiment using the same calcaneal sample. The intact calcaneus showed greater stiffness than the fixation models. Of the three fixations, the locking plate produced the greatest stiffness and the highest von Mises stress peak. The micromotion of the fracture fixated with the locking plate was similar to that of the fracture fixated with the metallic screws but smaller than that fixated with the absorbable screws. Fixation with both plate and crossing screws can be used to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures. In general, fixation with crossing metallic screws is preferable because it provides sufficient stability with less stress shielding.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3709500).
文摘Global warming caused by the emission of CO_(2) in industrial flue gas has attractedmore and more attention.Therefore,to fix CO_(2) with high efficiency and environmentally friendly had become the hot research field.Compared with the traditional coal-fired power plant flue gas emission reduction technology,carbon fixation and emission reduction by microalgae is considered as a promising technology due to the advantages of simple process equipment,convenient operation and environmental protection.When the flue gas is treated by microalgae carbon fixation and emission reduction technology,microalgae cells can fix CO_(2) in the flue gas through photosynthesis,and simultaneously absorb NO_(x) and SO_(x) as nitrogen and sulfur sources required for growth.Meanwhile,they can also absorb mercury,selenium,arsenic,cadmium,lead and other heavy metal ions in the flue gas to obtain microalgae biomass.The obtained microalgae biomass can be further transformed into high valueadded products,which has broad development prospects.This paper reviews the mechanisms and pathways of CO_(2) sequestration,the mechanism and impacts of microalgal emission reduction of flue gas pollutants,and the applications of carbon sequestration in industrial flue gas by microalgae.Finally,this paper provides some guidelines and prospects for the research and application of green emission reduction technology for industrial flue gas.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Category B,XDB1090000).
文摘Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a transformative field in agriculture,offering innovative solutions to enhance food security,provide resilience to climate change,and transition to sustainable farming practices.By integrating advanced genetic tools,computational modeling,and systems biology,researchers can precisely modify plant genomes to enhance traits such as yield,stress tolerance,and nutrient use efficiency.The ability to design plants with specific characteristics tailored to diverse environmental conditions and agricultural needs holds great potential to address global food security challenges.Here,we highlight recent advancements and applications of plant synthetic biology in agriculture,focusing on key areas such as photosynthetic efficiency,nitrogen fixation,drought tolerance,pathogen resistance,nutrient use efficiency,biofortification,climate resilience,microbiology engineering,synthetic plant genomes,and the integration of artificial intelligence with synthetic biology.These innovations aim to maximize resource use efficiency,reduce reliance on external inputs,and mitigate environmental impacts associated with conventional agricultural practices.Despite challenges related to regulatory approval and public acceptance,the integration of synthetic biology in agriculture holds immense promise for creating more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems,contributing to global food security and environmental sustainability.Rigorous multi-field testing of these approaches will undoubtedly be required to ensure reproducibility.
基金Financial support for this work by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2022R1F1A1074682,2022R1A4A1031687)Korea University,and the KU-KIST Research Fund.
文摘The advancement in catalysis techniques for sustainable environmental applications,particularly an alternative to the current Haber-Bosch process for NH_(3),has recently gained widespread attention.Although photocatalytic conversion of N_(2) to NH_(3) using solar energy is an eco-friendly method,it has the limitation of low quantum yield.Recently,2D Bi-based photocatalysts which exhibit higher visible light absorption than TiO_(2) and higher stability than MXene have been an active research topic,and their performance can be enhanced through improved visible light absorption properties by incorporating plasmonic gold nanoparticles while nitrogen adsorption could be enhanced through oxygen vacancy(OV)processes.In the present study,we explore the application of 2D nanosized Bi_(2)O_(3–x) and gold nanoparticles for visible light photo generation of NH_(3).HRTEM and XPS reveal that the formation of AuNP and nano-sized Bi_(2)O_(3–x) in AuNP/Bi_(2)O_(3–x) heterozygote structure promotes the charge carrier mobility and charge transport at the interface,resulting in a 2.6-fold increase in the photocatalytic activity compared to micro-sized Bi_(2)O_(3–x) with AuNP.The improved photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to significant enhancement of visible light absorption by plasmonic nanoparticles,fast charge transport and mobility(due to sheet morphology)and the N_(2) activation by OV in AuNP/Bi_(2)O_(3–x) heterozygote.Through a systematic experimental investigation involving catalysts,concentration,pH,and scavengers,the highest photocatalytic performance was achieved with the heterozygote structures of AuNP/n-Bi_(2)O_(3–x) under optimized conditions,yielding 432.5μmol gcat^(-1) h^(-1) of NH_(3).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174340)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFC2904505)the Hunan FURONG Scholars Project and the Basic Science Centre of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72088101)。
文摘Potassium hydroxide(KOH)was introduced into the molybdenite roasting process to convert molybdenum(Mo)and sulfur(S)into water-soluble potassium molybdate(K_(2)MoO_(4))and potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)).Roasting with a 1.8-fold excess of KOH at 400℃ for 3 h enabled the leaching of over 99%of Mo from the molybdenum calcine using water.A precipitation method involving potassium–magnesium(K-Mg)salts was proposed for impurity removal.Under the conditions of pH 11,30℃,excess coefficient of 1.7 for Mg salts,and a duration of 1 h,98.37%of phosphorus(P)was removed from the K_(2)MoO_(4) solution.With post-purification,over 99%of Mo crystallized upon adjustment of pH to 1.Subsequently,S and K were recovered as K_(2)SO_(4) fertilizer from the crystalline mother liquor.An environmentally sustainable approach was proposed to conduct molybdenite production and ensure the efficient recovery of both Mo and S.
