Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalyst...Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:Thi...AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected ...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected from May 2021 to May 2025, consisting of 80 patients with hand surgery fractures. These patients were randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method: the plate fixation group (40 cases, treated with open reduction and plate fixation) and the Kirschner wire fixation group (40 cases, treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation). The therapeutic effects between the two groups were randomly compared. Results: The Kirschner wire fixation group outperformed the plate fixation group in all indicators except for hand function scores (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hand function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open reduction and plate fixation, closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation for patients with hand surgery fractures achieves a more pronounced therapeutic effect, with advantages such as less trauma, shorter operation time, less bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. It is suitable for hand surgery fractures with good stability. Open reduction and plate internal fixation have greater advantages in complex fractures and cases requiring high stability, and are worthy of promotion and application.展开更多
A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance wa...A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance was evaluated.Results showed that ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)(OD-2)obtained by adding 1.5 mL of ethylene glycol during preparation exhibited the optimal nitrogen fixation performance,with a nitrogen fixation rate of 114.92μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).However,its crystal counterpart,Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO),lacked nitrogen-fixation activity.In-situ diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique(DR-FTIR),electrochemical tests,and energy band structure analysis confirmed that the surface disordered structure in OD-2 not only promoted nitrogen activation but also enabled the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the ordered-disordered interface,facilitating the interface electrons transfer to the surface disordered structure of OD-2 and reacting with N_(2) adsorbed on the disordered structure,thereby promoting the smooth progress of the nitrogen fixation reaction.展开更多
AIM:To introduce a novel technique for stabilizing the capsular bag in cataract surgery.METHODS:This retrospective observational case series included eyes with unstable capsular bag that underwent cataract surgery.A s...AIM:To introduce a novel technique for stabilizing the capsular bag in cataract surgery.METHODS:This retrospective observational case series included eyes with unstable capsular bag that underwent cataract surgery.A standard capsular tension ring(CTR)with 10-0 Prolene sutures was inserted into the capsular bag and fixated to the sulcus to stabilize the bag,enabling in-the-bag intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Uncorrected distance visual acuity,corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),and slit-lamp examination were performed preoperatively and at 1 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Of the 17 eyes from 15 patients(mean age 51.20±19.60y,male/female=11/6),8 had subluxation due to Marfan syndrome,3 due to trauma,5 due to zonular weakness,and 1 due to acute angle closure glaucoma.The preoperative mean CDVA(logMAR)was 0.56±0.67(mean spherical equivalent:−6.39±4.78 D).At 1mo postoperatively,the mean CDVA improved to 0.21±0.37(mean spherical equivalent:−0.35±1.07 D).At 6mo,the mean CDVA was 0.32±0.39,and the mean spherical equivalent was−0.34±0.99 D.All patients showed significant visual improvement at both postoperative visits(P<0.05),with stable IOLs in all cases.CONCLUSION:This technique offers a viable surgical option in complex cataract cases with zonulysis.展开更多
The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inse...The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.展开更多
Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A fiel...Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied ...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junct...Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.展开更多
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in members of the Fabaceae family is highly efficient and beneficial for global agriculture,but not all species in this family form root nodules with rhizobial bacteria.Nodulation mainly oc...Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in members of the Fabaceae family is highly efficient and beneficial for global agriculture,but not all species in this family form root nodules with rhizobial bacteria.Nodulation mainly occurs in plants belonging to the Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae subfamilies(Tederso0 et al.,2018;van Velzen et al.,2019).Nodulation mechanisms in Fabaceae are well studied(Yang et al.,2022),and genomic comparisons of nodulating and non-nodulating host species can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary and genetic basis of this key process.展开更多
Development of robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realize seawater electrolyte-based zinc-air batteries(SZABs).Herein,constructing a local electric field c...Development of robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realize seawater electrolyte-based zinc-air batteries(SZABs).Herein,constructing a local electric field coupled with chloride ions(Cl-)fixation strategy in dual single-atom catalysts(DSACs)was proposed,and the resultant catalyst delivered considerable ORR performance in a seawater electrolyte,with a high half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.868 V and a good maximum power density(Pmax)of 182 mW·cm^(−2)in the assembled SZABs,much higher than those of the Pt/C catalyst(E_(1/2):0.846 V;Pmax:150 mW·cm^(−2)).The in-situ characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that the Fe sites have a higher Cl^(−)adsorption affinity than the Co sites,and preferentially adsorbs Cl^(−)in a seawater electrolyte during the ORR process,and thus constructs a low-concentration Cl^(−)local microenvironment through the common-ion exclusion effect,which prevents Cl^(−)adsorption and corrosion in the Co active centers,achieving impressive catalytic stability.In addition,the directional charge movement between Fe and Co atomic pairs establishes a local electric field,optimizing the adsorption energy of Co sites for oxygen-containing intermediates,and further improving the ORR activity.展开更多
The Ilizarov apparatus was designed by its author 75 years ago and addresses a wide range of orthopedic conditions.Its classical assemblies are still self-sufficient and versatile.However,certain clinical scenarios re...The Ilizarov apparatus was designed by its author 75 years ago and addresses a wide range of orthopedic conditions.Its classical assemblies are still self-sufficient and versatile.However,certain clinical scenarios require a more specialized approach,and some groups of patients may benefit from customized Ilizarov constructs.Engineering science has designed various external fixators for orthopedic purposes,and some of those have become the gold standard for specific clinical tasks.We aimed to determine the current state and novel modifications of specialized external fixators for specific clinical situations which are based on the principles of the Ilizarov method.They are half-pin-based fixators for temporal fracture fixation,ring or hybrid devices for gradual deformity correction,and compression-distraction devices tailored for definite limb segments.Gradual correction of deformities can be achieved with external hexapods incorporating universal reduction units.Alternatively,external fixators with special connection mechanisms are able to provide independent movement of the rings in six degrees of freedom.Deformity correction can be performed with combined or sequential use of external and internal fixators.Special devices were developed for moving the split fragment for revascularization of the tibia.The units of external frames on the foot were modified to consider its complex anatomy and the clinical needs ranging from correction of multi-plane deformities,joint arthrodesis to distraction arthroplasty.Mini-fixators are compact external fixators for small bones of the hand and foot.The varieties of external fixators based on the Ilizarov principles have been designed to fulfill an ultimate goal of improving treatment outcomes.展开更多
To compare the clinical efficacy of locking plate(LP)fixation and intramedullary nail(IMN)fixation for the treatment of post-traumatic nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia.Methods:This single-center...To compare the clinical efficacy of locking plate(LP)fixation and intramedullary nail(IMN)fixation for the treatment of post-traumatic nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia.Methods:This single-center retrospective comparative study included 50 adult patients with aseptic nonunion of femoral or tibial diaphyseal fractures treated at our institution between January 2015 and January 2025.Patients underwent either locking-plate(LP)fixation(n=25)or intramedullary nailing(IMN)(n=25).The primary outcome was radiographic union at 12 months postoperatively.Secondary outcomes included time to union,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,incidence of complications(superficial/deep infection,implant failure,malunion),and 12-month functional status assessed by the Lower Extremity Functional Scale(LEFS).Statistical comparisons used Welch t tests for continuous variables and χ^(2) or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.The protocol received institutional review board approval with waiver of informed consent.Results:Among 50 patients(LP=25;IMN=25),the 12-month union rate was 88.00%(22/25)in the LP group and 96.00%(24/25)in the IMN group(p=0.609).Time to union was shorter with IMN(6.20±1.83 vs 7.51±2.12 months;p=0.023).Operative time(110.52±25.23 vs 145.81±30.21 min;p<0.01)and intraoperative blood loss(250.41±80.64 vs 350.22±95.30 ml;p<0.01)favored IMN.Length of hospital stay was similar(6.24±1.83 vs 6.82±2.11 days;p=0.284).The incidence of superficial wound infection did not differ significantly(12.00%vs 4.00%;p=0.609).Twelve-month LEFS scores were comparable(65.44±10.21 vs 67.10±9.83;p=0.451).Conclusion:Both locking plate and intramedullary nail fixation are effective in the treatment of femoral and tibial nonunion,with high rates of union and good functional outcomes.Intramedullary nailing may be associated with a shorter time to union,reduced operative time and blood loss,and a lower risk of superficial wound infection compared to locking plate fixation.The choice of implant should be individualized based on fracture characteristics,patient factors,and surgeon preference.展开更多
Surface modification is found to be an effective way to control the initial degradation of Mg based biomedical alloys.The present study focuses on the modulation of in vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-Ce a...Surface modification is found to be an effective way to control the initial degradation of Mg based biomedical alloys.The present study focuses on the modulation of in vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-Ce alloy through a stearic acid-treated polypyrrole coating,which developed superhydrophobic surface(contact angle∼153°)that drastically enhanced the corrosion resistance(more than 85%efficacy).Cerium addition to Mg alloy results basal texture strengthening and grain refinement,resulting in improved mechanical properties.All the specimens exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against gram-negative E.Coli(DH5α)and gram positive S.aureus bacteria.The oligodynamic effect of polypyrrole coating leads to complete bacterial mitigation.Non-toxic nature of the specimens was studied by MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation in indirect cell culture method.Improved corrosion resistance of the coated specimen leads to enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.Hard tissue histology and micro-CT analysis exhibited higher fraction of newly formed callus tissues and highest bone-implant integration across the coated specimen,when implanted in rabbit femur.Efficacy of the material in fracture healing was evaluated by implanting bone plate and screw in a clinically fractured goat tibia.At 3 months,complete fracture healed with no vital organ toxicity was observed for the coated specimen.The present results suggest that Ce addition and polypyrrole coating are effective ways to modulate the corrosion and biocompatibility behavior making it a potential candidate for fracture fixation applications.展开更多
Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF and ANF),two forms of biological nitrogen(N)fixation,are the main pathways for external N inputs into natural terrestrial ecosystems.However,the regulatory mechanisms of ...Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF and ANF),two forms of biological nitrogen(N)fixation,are the main pathways for external N inputs into natural terrestrial ecosystems.However,the regulatory mechanisms of SNF and ANF,particularly in response to changing environmental conditions,remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated changes in SNF and ANF rates along two altitudinal gradients in two subtropical forests on soils with granite and slate parent materials.Our results revealed distinct patterns for SNF and ANF rates.SNF rates consistently declined with increasing altitude,whereas ANF rates initially increased at lower altitudes but declined at higher altitudes.These contrasting trends were attributed to divergent regulatory mechanisms of SNF and ANF rates.Specifically,the decrease in SNF rates was primarily driven by increased soil N availability and decreased air temperature.However,the drivers of ANF rates shifted from soil properties(e.g.,phosphorus,iron,and moisture)at lower altitudes to climatic factors(e.g.,air temperature)at higher altitudes.We also observed opposite trends of SNF and ANF between forests on granite and slate,demonstrating that lithology is an important driver of both SNF and ANF.Collectively,our findings highlight the divergent mechanisms regulating SNF and ANF in subtropical forests,which contribute to improving the mechanistic representation of biological N fixation in Earth system models.展开更多
In order to protect the environment and economize energy,a nitrogen-fixing photocatalyst,VMCeact,is investigated in this work.This catalyst is prepared from a natural mineral,vermiculite,and modified by Ce-based metal...In order to protect the environment and economize energy,a nitrogen-fixing photocatalyst,VMCeact,is investigated in this work.This catalyst is prepared from a natural mineral,vermiculite,and modified by Ce-based metal-organic framework,Ce-UiO-66.Vermiculite was treated with formic acid;thus,Ce-UiO-66 particles grew in-situ on vermiculite;then,Ce-UiO-66 particles were activated by ultraviolet irradiation.The vermiculite absorbed visible light with a narrow band gap,and transferred photogenerated electrons to the active sites on Ce-UiO-66.Moreover,the lamella structure of vermiculite protected Ce-UiO-66 during photocatalytic process.Therefore,with only 45.92 wt%of Ce-UiO-66,the nitrogen fixation performance of VMCeact was 2.29 times that of pure activated Ce-UiO-66 particles under 455nm light irradiation(apparent quantum efficiency of 4.49%),and retained at least 96.05%performance after 7×24 h of photocatalytic reaction.This cost-reduced,efficient and stable photocatalyst has the opportunity to facilitate environmentally friendly ammonia production.展开更多
Prophylactic fixation(ProFix)of the proximal femur in elderly patients with osteoporosis presents a forward-thinking approach to preventing debilitating fractures and their associated complications.By addressing fract...Prophylactic fixation(ProFix)of the proximal femur in elderly patients with osteoporosis presents a forward-thinking approach to preventing debilitating fractures and their associated complications.By addressing fracture risk before an injury occurs,ProFix has the potential to enhance patient outcomes,promote long-term mobility,and reduce healthcare costs.Early intervention in individuals at high risk can significantly lower hospital admissions,shorten recovery periods,and preserve independence,mitigating challenges such as chronic pain and reduced life expectancy.Given the high prevalence of undiagnosed osteoporosis,prioritising early risk assessment and targeted prevention is essential.Advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques and safer anaesthesia methods further support ProFix as a feasible and effective strategy to decrease fracturerelated morbidity,improve overall patient well-being,and optimise the use of healthcare resources.This opinion review details the evidence supporting this concept,its efficacy,the challenges in its implementation,and a strategic plan for future implementation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.AIM ...BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.AIM To assess the effectiveness of suture button fixation in managing ligamentous Lisfranc injuries through a systematic evaluation of short-term clinical and radiological outcomes.METHODS During March 2024,the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.Data regarding patient demographics,pathological characteristics,subjective clinical outcomes,radiological outcomes,complications,and failure rates were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS Eight studies were included.In total,94 patients(94 feet)underwent suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries at a weighted mean follow-up of 27.2±10.2 months.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 39.2±11.8 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 82.8±5.4.The weighted mean visual analogue scale score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 7.7±0.6 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 2.0±0.4.In total,100%of patients returned to sport at a mean time of 16.8 weeks.The complication rate was 5%,the most common complication of which was residual midfoot stiffness(3.0%).No failures nor secondary surgical procedures were recorded.CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that suture button fixation for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries produced improved clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up.In addition,there was an excellent return-to-sport rate(100%)at a weighted mean time of 16.8 weeks.This review highlights that suture button fixation is a potent surgical treatment strategy for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries;however,caution should be taken when evaluating this data in light of the lack of high quality,comparative studies,and short-term follow-up.展开更多
The replacement of energy-intensive Haber-Bosch technique for ammonia production to mitigate global warming is increasingly emphasized.In this paper,we report the preparation of Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites ...The replacement of energy-intensive Haber-Bosch technique for ammonia production to mitigate global warming is increasingly emphasized.In this paper,we report the preparation of Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation by coupling ultrathin two-dimensional g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets with MIL-101(Fe)using a solvothermal method.Methanol was used as a hole sacrificing reagent to strengthen the catalytic performance.The highest NH3 yield of the composites under full spectrum irradiation was 472.8μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1),which is about 3.5 times that of MIL-101(Fe).From BET results,photocatalyst with high specific surface area has superior nitrogen fixation performance.The results of PL,EIS,UPS,and ESR show that the presence of Z-scheme heterojunction is largely able to facilitate the separation of electrons and holes.It is one reason for improving performance of nitrogen fixation.The study has provided a viable approach to construct heterojunction photocatalysts with outstanding nitrogen fixation performance.展开更多
基金supported by the funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0904700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471477)to Cheng Qi.
文摘Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected from May 2021 to May 2025, consisting of 80 patients with hand surgery fractures. These patients were randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method: the plate fixation group (40 cases, treated with open reduction and plate fixation) and the Kirschner wire fixation group (40 cases, treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation). The therapeutic effects between the two groups were randomly compared. Results: The Kirschner wire fixation group outperformed the plate fixation group in all indicators except for hand function scores (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hand function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open reduction and plate fixation, closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation for patients with hand surgery fractures achieves a more pronounced therapeutic effect, with advantages such as less trauma, shorter operation time, less bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. It is suitable for hand surgery fractures with good stability. Open reduction and plate internal fixation have greater advantages in complex fractures and cases requiring high stability, and are worthy of promotion and application.
文摘A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance was evaluated.Results showed that ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)(OD-2)obtained by adding 1.5 mL of ethylene glycol during preparation exhibited the optimal nitrogen fixation performance,with a nitrogen fixation rate of 114.92μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).However,its crystal counterpart,Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO),lacked nitrogen-fixation activity.In-situ diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique(DR-FTIR),electrochemical tests,and energy band structure analysis confirmed that the surface disordered structure in OD-2 not only promoted nitrogen activation but also enabled the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the ordered-disordered interface,facilitating the interface electrons transfer to the surface disordered structure of OD-2 and reacting with N_(2) adsorbed on the disordered structure,thereby promoting the smooth progress of the nitrogen fixation reaction.
文摘AIM:To introduce a novel technique for stabilizing the capsular bag in cataract surgery.METHODS:This retrospective observational case series included eyes with unstable capsular bag that underwent cataract surgery.A standard capsular tension ring(CTR)with 10-0 Prolene sutures was inserted into the capsular bag and fixated to the sulcus to stabilize the bag,enabling in-the-bag intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Uncorrected distance visual acuity,corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),and slit-lamp examination were performed preoperatively and at 1 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Of the 17 eyes from 15 patients(mean age 51.20±19.60y,male/female=11/6),8 had subluxation due to Marfan syndrome,3 due to trauma,5 due to zonular weakness,and 1 due to acute angle closure glaucoma.The preoperative mean CDVA(logMAR)was 0.56±0.67(mean spherical equivalent:−6.39±4.78 D).At 1mo postoperatively,the mean CDVA improved to 0.21±0.37(mean spherical equivalent:−0.35±1.07 D).At 6mo,the mean CDVA was 0.32±0.39,and the mean spherical equivalent was−0.34±0.99 D.All patients showed significant visual improvement at both postoperative visits(P<0.05),with stable IOLs in all cases.CONCLUSION:This technique offers a viable surgical option in complex cataract cases with zonulysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42377227)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.2232061)。
文摘The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301962 and 31901127)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752947)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20232437)the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2023C02)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(252300420222)。
文摘Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22172144 and 22272151)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C03148).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,No.52372212)。
文摘Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32160142)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2023GXNSFDA026034)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(SKLCUSAb202302)to H.W.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32460062)to Y.L.,and 1+9 Leading the Charge with Open Competition'project of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1+9KJGG010)Fruit tree breeding project in Sichuan Province(2021YFYZ0023)to H.X.
文摘Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in members of the Fabaceae family is highly efficient and beneficial for global agriculture,but not all species in this family form root nodules with rhizobial bacteria.Nodulation mainly occurs in plants belonging to the Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae subfamilies(Tederso0 et al.,2018;van Velzen et al.,2019).Nodulation mechanisms in Fabaceae are well studied(Yang et al.,2022),and genomic comparisons of nodulating and non-nodulating host species can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary and genetic basis of this key process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52164028,52274297)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)20008,KYQD(ZR)21125,KYQD(ZR)23169))+1 种基金Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology of Hainan University(XTCX2022HYC14)Innovative Research Project for Postgraduate Students in Hainan Province(Qhyb2024-95).
文摘Development of robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realize seawater electrolyte-based zinc-air batteries(SZABs).Herein,constructing a local electric field coupled with chloride ions(Cl-)fixation strategy in dual single-atom catalysts(DSACs)was proposed,and the resultant catalyst delivered considerable ORR performance in a seawater electrolyte,with a high half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.868 V and a good maximum power density(Pmax)of 182 mW·cm^(−2)in the assembled SZABs,much higher than those of the Pt/C catalyst(E_(1/2):0.846 V;Pmax:150 mW·cm^(−2)).The in-situ characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that the Fe sites have a higher Cl^(−)adsorption affinity than the Co sites,and preferentially adsorbs Cl^(−)in a seawater electrolyte during the ORR process,and thus constructs a low-concentration Cl^(−)local microenvironment through the common-ion exclusion effect,which prevents Cl^(−)adsorption and corrosion in the Co active centers,achieving impressive catalytic stability.In addition,the directional charge movement between Fe and Co atomic pairs establishes a local electric field,optimizing the adsorption energy of Co sites for oxygen-containing intermediates,and further improving the ORR activity.
文摘The Ilizarov apparatus was designed by its author 75 years ago and addresses a wide range of orthopedic conditions.Its classical assemblies are still self-sufficient and versatile.However,certain clinical scenarios require a more specialized approach,and some groups of patients may benefit from customized Ilizarov constructs.Engineering science has designed various external fixators for orthopedic purposes,and some of those have become the gold standard for specific clinical tasks.We aimed to determine the current state and novel modifications of specialized external fixators for specific clinical situations which are based on the principles of the Ilizarov method.They are half-pin-based fixators for temporal fracture fixation,ring or hybrid devices for gradual deformity correction,and compression-distraction devices tailored for definite limb segments.Gradual correction of deformities can be achieved with external hexapods incorporating universal reduction units.Alternatively,external fixators with special connection mechanisms are able to provide independent movement of the rings in six degrees of freedom.Deformity correction can be performed with combined or sequential use of external and internal fixators.Special devices were developed for moving the split fragment for revascularization of the tibia.The units of external frames on the foot were modified to consider its complex anatomy and the clinical needs ranging from correction of multi-plane deformities,joint arthrodesis to distraction arthroplasty.Mini-fixators are compact external fixators for small bones of the hand and foot.The varieties of external fixators based on the Ilizarov principles have been designed to fulfill an ultimate goal of improving treatment outcomes.
文摘To compare the clinical efficacy of locking plate(LP)fixation and intramedullary nail(IMN)fixation for the treatment of post-traumatic nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia.Methods:This single-center retrospective comparative study included 50 adult patients with aseptic nonunion of femoral or tibial diaphyseal fractures treated at our institution between January 2015 and January 2025.Patients underwent either locking-plate(LP)fixation(n=25)or intramedullary nailing(IMN)(n=25).The primary outcome was radiographic union at 12 months postoperatively.Secondary outcomes included time to union,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,incidence of complications(superficial/deep infection,implant failure,malunion),and 12-month functional status assessed by the Lower Extremity Functional Scale(LEFS).Statistical comparisons used Welch t tests for continuous variables and χ^(2) or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.The protocol received institutional review board approval with waiver of informed consent.Results:Among 50 patients(LP=25;IMN=25),the 12-month union rate was 88.00%(22/25)in the LP group and 96.00%(24/25)in the IMN group(p=0.609).Time to union was shorter with IMN(6.20±1.83 vs 7.51±2.12 months;p=0.023).Operative time(110.52±25.23 vs 145.81±30.21 min;p<0.01)and intraoperative blood loss(250.41±80.64 vs 350.22±95.30 ml;p<0.01)favored IMN.Length of hospital stay was similar(6.24±1.83 vs 6.82±2.11 days;p=0.284).The incidence of superficial wound infection did not differ significantly(12.00%vs 4.00%;p=0.609).Twelve-month LEFS scores were comparable(65.44±10.21 vs 67.10±9.83;p=0.451).Conclusion:Both locking plate and intramedullary nail fixation are effective in the treatment of femoral and tibial nonunion,with high rates of union and good functional outcomes.Intramedullary nailing may be associated with a shorter time to union,reduced operative time and blood loss,and a lower risk of superficial wound infection compared to locking plate fixation.The choice of implant should be individualized based on fracture characteristics,patient factors,and surgeon preference.
基金the financial assistance from Science and Engineering Research Board(SERBCRG/2020/002818/MMM).
文摘Surface modification is found to be an effective way to control the initial degradation of Mg based biomedical alloys.The present study focuses on the modulation of in vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-Ce alloy through a stearic acid-treated polypyrrole coating,which developed superhydrophobic surface(contact angle∼153°)that drastically enhanced the corrosion resistance(more than 85%efficacy).Cerium addition to Mg alloy results basal texture strengthening and grain refinement,resulting in improved mechanical properties.All the specimens exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against gram-negative E.Coli(DH5α)and gram positive S.aureus bacteria.The oligodynamic effect of polypyrrole coating leads to complete bacterial mitigation.Non-toxic nature of the specimens was studied by MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation in indirect cell culture method.Improved corrosion resistance of the coated specimen leads to enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.Hard tissue histology and micro-CT analysis exhibited higher fraction of newly formed callus tissues and highest bone-implant integration across the coated specimen,when implanted in rabbit femur.Efficacy of the material in fracture healing was evaluated by implanting bone plate and screw in a clinically fractured goat tibia.At 3 months,complete fracture healed with no vital organ toxicity was observed for the coated specimen.The present results suggest that Ce addition and polypyrrole coating are effective ways to modulate the corrosion and biocompatibility behavior making it a potential candidate for fracture fixation applications.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515011004)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530150015035)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42367035)the Chinese Scholarship Council(No.202306380142).
文摘Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF and ANF),two forms of biological nitrogen(N)fixation,are the main pathways for external N inputs into natural terrestrial ecosystems.However,the regulatory mechanisms of SNF and ANF,particularly in response to changing environmental conditions,remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated changes in SNF and ANF rates along two altitudinal gradients in two subtropical forests on soils with granite and slate parent materials.Our results revealed distinct patterns for SNF and ANF rates.SNF rates consistently declined with increasing altitude,whereas ANF rates initially increased at lower altitudes but declined at higher altitudes.These contrasting trends were attributed to divergent regulatory mechanisms of SNF and ANF rates.Specifically,the decrease in SNF rates was primarily driven by increased soil N availability and decreased air temperature.However,the drivers of ANF rates shifted from soil properties(e.g.,phosphorus,iron,and moisture)at lower altitudes to climatic factors(e.g.,air temperature)at higher altitudes.We also observed opposite trends of SNF and ANF between forests on granite and slate,demonstrating that lithology is an important driver of both SNF and ANF.Collectively,our findings highlight the divergent mechanisms regulating SNF and ANF in subtropical forests,which contribute to improving the mechanistic representation of biological N fixation in Earth system models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21978251,22102141 and U1904215)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200044).
文摘In order to protect the environment and economize energy,a nitrogen-fixing photocatalyst,VMCeact,is investigated in this work.This catalyst is prepared from a natural mineral,vermiculite,and modified by Ce-based metal-organic framework,Ce-UiO-66.Vermiculite was treated with formic acid;thus,Ce-UiO-66 particles grew in-situ on vermiculite;then,Ce-UiO-66 particles were activated by ultraviolet irradiation.The vermiculite absorbed visible light with a narrow band gap,and transferred photogenerated electrons to the active sites on Ce-UiO-66.Moreover,the lamella structure of vermiculite protected Ce-UiO-66 during photocatalytic process.Therefore,with only 45.92 wt%of Ce-UiO-66,the nitrogen fixation performance of VMCeact was 2.29 times that of pure activated Ce-UiO-66 particles under 455nm light irradiation(apparent quantum efficiency of 4.49%),and retained at least 96.05%performance after 7×24 h of photocatalytic reaction.This cost-reduced,efficient and stable photocatalyst has the opportunity to facilitate environmentally friendly ammonia production.
文摘Prophylactic fixation(ProFix)of the proximal femur in elderly patients with osteoporosis presents a forward-thinking approach to preventing debilitating fractures and their associated complications.By addressing fracture risk before an injury occurs,ProFix has the potential to enhance patient outcomes,promote long-term mobility,and reduce healthcare costs.Early intervention in individuals at high risk can significantly lower hospital admissions,shorten recovery periods,and preserve independence,mitigating challenges such as chronic pain and reduced life expectancy.Given the high prevalence of undiagnosed osteoporosis,prioritising early risk assessment and targeted prevention is essential.Advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques and safer anaesthesia methods further support ProFix as a feasible and effective strategy to decrease fracturerelated morbidity,improve overall patient well-being,and optimise the use of healthcare resources.This opinion review details the evidence supporting this concept,its efficacy,the challenges in its implementation,and a strategic plan for future implementation.
文摘BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.AIM To assess the effectiveness of suture button fixation in managing ligamentous Lisfranc injuries through a systematic evaluation of short-term clinical and radiological outcomes.METHODS During March 2024,the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.Data regarding patient demographics,pathological characteristics,subjective clinical outcomes,radiological outcomes,complications,and failure rates were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS Eight studies were included.In total,94 patients(94 feet)underwent suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries at a weighted mean follow-up of 27.2±10.2 months.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 39.2±11.8 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 82.8±5.4.The weighted mean visual analogue scale score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 7.7±0.6 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 2.0±0.4.In total,100%of patients returned to sport at a mean time of 16.8 weeks.The complication rate was 5%,the most common complication of which was residual midfoot stiffness(3.0%).No failures nor secondary surgical procedures were recorded.CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that suture button fixation for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries produced improved clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up.In addition,there was an excellent return-to-sport rate(100%)at a weighted mean time of 16.8 weeks.This review highlights that suture button fixation is a potent surgical treatment strategy for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries;however,caution should be taken when evaluating this data in light of the lack of high quality,comparative studies,and short-term follow-up.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(22071018)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20220101069JC)
文摘The replacement of energy-intensive Haber-Bosch technique for ammonia production to mitigate global warming is increasingly emphasized.In this paper,we report the preparation of Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation by coupling ultrathin two-dimensional g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets with MIL-101(Fe)using a solvothermal method.Methanol was used as a hole sacrificing reagent to strengthen the catalytic performance.The highest NH3 yield of the composites under full spectrum irradiation was 472.8μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1),which is about 3.5 times that of MIL-101(Fe).From BET results,photocatalyst with high specific surface area has superior nitrogen fixation performance.The results of PL,EIS,UPS,and ESR show that the presence of Z-scheme heterojunction is largely able to facilitate the separation of electrons and holes.It is one reason for improving performance of nitrogen fixation.The study has provided a viable approach to construct heterojunction photocatalysts with outstanding nitrogen fixation performance.
