Lipid droplets(LDs)serve as dynamic organelles central to host immune response and bacterial infection resistance by recruiting multiple proteins and peptides with established antiviral and antibacterial properties.Al...Lipid droplets(LDs)serve as dynamic organelles central to host immune response and bacterial infection resistance by recruiting multiple proteins and peptides with established antiviral and antibacterial properties.Although macrophage polarization is integral to both innate immunity and lipid homeostasis,the regulatory influence of LDs on this process remains unclear.In this study,augmentation of LDs via oleic acid(OA)treatment attenuated M1 polarization in RAW264.7 macrophages.Given that LD budding is mediated by fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2(FIT2)encoded by FITM2,transcriptomic analysis following FITM2 knockdown revealed suppressed expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5(FABP5),a lipid-binding protein that further modulated LD abundance.Both FIT2 and FABP5 were found to regulate LD content and collectively contributed to inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.This shift impaired macrophage capacity to mount effective antibacterial responses.These findings identify a coordinated role for LDs and FABP5 in modulating M1 macrophage polarization,establishing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism and innate host defense against bacterial infection.展开更多
Based on analysis of NMR T2 spectral characteristics,a new method for identifying fluid properties by decomposing T2 spectrum through signal analysis has been proposed.Because T2 spectrum satisfies lognormal distribut...Based on analysis of NMR T2 spectral characteristics,a new method for identifying fluid properties by decomposing T2 spectrum through signal analysis has been proposed.Because T2 spectrum satisfies lognormal distribution on transverse relaxation time axis,the T2 spectrum can be decomposed into 2 to 5 independent component spectra by fitting the T2 spectrum with Gauss functions.By analyzing the free relaxation response characteristics of crude oil and formation water,the dynamic response characteristics of the core mutual drive between oil and water,the petrophysical significance of each component spectrum is clarified.T2 spectrum can be decomposed into clay bound water component spectrum,capillary bound fluid component spectrum,micropores fluid component spectrum and macropores fluid component spectrum.According to the nature of crude oil in the target area,the distribution range of T2 component spectral peaks of oil-bearing reservoir is 165-500 ms on T2 time axis.This range can be used to accurately identify fluid properties.This method has high adaptability in identifying complex oil and water layers in low porosity and permeability reservoirs.展开更多
A novel method based on wavelength-multiplexed line-of-sight absorption and profile fitting for nonuniform flow field measurement is reported. A wavelength scanning combing laser temperature and current modulation WMS...A novel method based on wavelength-multiplexed line-of-sight absorption and profile fitting for nonuniform flow field measurement is reported. A wavelength scanning combing laser temperature and current modulation WMS scheme is used to implement the wavelength-multi- plexed-profile fitting method. Second harmonic （2f） signal of eight H20 transitions features near 7,170 cm^-1 are measured in one period using a single tunable diode laser. Spatial resolved temperature distribution upon a CH4/air premixed flat flame burner is obtained. The result validates the feasibility of strategy for non-uniform flow field diagnostics by means of WMS-2f TDLAS.展开更多
Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·min-1.The activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reac...Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·min-1.The activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and kerogens.The characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF)profiles(product generation window temperatures)of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A trend.Important similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two datasets.The similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best fits.The differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions simulated.The results also justify the validity of using the previously described“variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method”of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A values.In contrast,further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro technique,in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale formations.TF profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0101200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130108)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-47)。
文摘Lipid droplets(LDs)serve as dynamic organelles central to host immune response and bacterial infection resistance by recruiting multiple proteins and peptides with established antiviral and antibacterial properties.Although macrophage polarization is integral to both innate immunity and lipid homeostasis,the regulatory influence of LDs on this process remains unclear.In this study,augmentation of LDs via oleic acid(OA)treatment attenuated M1 polarization in RAW264.7 macrophages.Given that LD budding is mediated by fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2(FIT2)encoded by FITM2,transcriptomic analysis following FITM2 knockdown revealed suppressed expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5(FABP5),a lipid-binding protein that further modulated LD abundance.Both FIT2 and FABP5 were found to regulate LD content and collectively contributed to inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.This shift impaired macrophage capacity to mount effective antibacterial responses.These findings identify a coordinated role for LDs and FABP5 in modulating M1 macrophage polarization,establishing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism and innate host defense against bacterial infection.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05050)
文摘Based on analysis of NMR T2 spectral characteristics,a new method for identifying fluid properties by decomposing T2 spectrum through signal analysis has been proposed.Because T2 spectrum satisfies lognormal distribution on transverse relaxation time axis,the T2 spectrum can be decomposed into 2 to 5 independent component spectra by fitting the T2 spectrum with Gauss functions.By analyzing the free relaxation response characteristics of crude oil and formation water,the dynamic response characteristics of the core mutual drive between oil and water,the petrophysical significance of each component spectrum is clarified.T2 spectrum can be decomposed into clay bound water component spectrum,capillary bound fluid component spectrum,micropores fluid component spectrum and macropores fluid component spectrum.According to the nature of crude oil in the target area,the distribution range of T2 component spectral peaks of oil-bearing reservoir is 165-500 ms on T2 time axis.This range can be used to accurately identify fluid properties.This method has high adaptability in identifying complex oil and water layers in low porosity and permeability reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10772188)
文摘A novel method based on wavelength-multiplexed line-of-sight absorption and profile fitting for nonuniform flow field measurement is reported. A wavelength scanning combing laser temperature and current modulation WMS scheme is used to implement the wavelength-multi- plexed-profile fitting method. Second harmonic （2f） signal of eight H20 transitions features near 7,170 cm^-1 are measured in one period using a single tunable diode laser. Spatial resolved temperature distribution upon a CH4/air premixed flat flame burner is obtained. The result validates the feasibility of strategy for non-uniform flow field diagnostics by means of WMS-2f TDLAS.
文摘Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·min-1.The activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and kerogens.The characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF)profiles(product generation window temperatures)of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A trend.Important similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two datasets.The similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best fits.The differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions simulated.The results also justify the validity of using the previously described“variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method”of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A values.In contrast,further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro technique,in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale formations.TF profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.
