The efficient extraction and separation of valuable metal elements from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)are crucial for the comprehensive high-value utilization of its constituents.This study focused on the carbon-ri...The efficient extraction and separation of valuable metal elements from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)are crucial for the comprehensive high-value utilization of its constituents.This study focused on the carbon-rich components of CGFS(CGFS-H)and systematically investigates the selective leaching behavior of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)using three organic acid extractants,i.e.,citric acid,tartaric acid,and tetrasodium iminodisuccinate.Additionally,the stepwise leaching of iron,aluminum and calcium from CGFS-H is explored.The selective dissolution mechanisms of these metals by different organic acids are elucidated through X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses.The results indicate that tetrasodium iminodisuccinate exhibits the highest leaching selectivity for Fe^(3+),while tartaric acid demonstrateds a comparable affinity for both Fe^(3+)and Al^(3+).In contrast citric acid shows superior selectivity toward Ca^(2+).The leaching yield of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)after sequential leaching with the three organic acids were 79.8%,65.08%and 78.6%,respectively.These findings confirm that effective and selective separation of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)from CGFS-H can be achieved via optimized organic acid-based leaching strategies.This advancement provides a critical foundation for developing Ca/Fe/Al hydrotalcite materials using CGFS-H as a sustainable feedstock,thereby facilitating the transformation of waste residue into high-value functional materials and promoting resourceefficient utilization of coal gasification fine slag.展开更多
The influence mechanism of MgO particle fineness on the properties of MOC was comprehensively explored through means of grinding,sieving,hydration and apparent density testing,in conjunction with characterization meth...The influence mechanism of MgO particle fineness on the properties of MOC was comprehensively explored through means of grinding,sieving,hydration and apparent density testing,in conjunction with characterization methods such as setting time,stability,compressive strength,and microscopic morphology.The findings reveal that MOC demonstrates excellent stability and mechanical properties when the particle fineness of MgO is less than 75μm.When the MgO particle fineness exceeds 75μm,MOC exhibits superior fluidity and maneuverability.When 0.75μm MgO is employed as the raw material to prepare MOC,a water-cement ratio of 0.6 proves more favorable.These results can furnish a theoretical foundation for the preparation and application of MOC.展开更多
To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),base...To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),based on the strain equivalence principle and the assumption that microelement strength follows a Weibull statistical distribution.The proposed model incorporates the Drucker-Prager failure criterion.By examining the influence of Weibull distribution parameters m and S_(0)on the stress-strain response,empirical relationships were established between the fine aggregate replacement ratio and the distribution parameters.This enabled the derivation of a theoretical stress-strain curve accounting for variable recycled fine aggragate(RFA)replacement ratios.The experimental results show that the proposed model exhibits high agreement with measured data and effectively captures the increased brittleness of PRFAC with higher RFA replacement ratios.Moreover,increasing the replacement rate accelerates internal crack propagation,reduces deformability and toughness,and significantly hastens the accumulation of internal damage in PRFAC.展开更多
Increasing evidence suggests that fine roots are particularly sensitive to environmental changes,making them essential in responding and adapting forest ecosystems to climate change.However,we still lack a fundamental...Increasing evidence suggests that fine roots are particularly sensitive to environmental changes,making them essential in responding and adapting forest ecosystems to climate change.However,we still lack a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control fine root plasticity.The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil moisture changes on fine root dynamics and morphology of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.).We conducted a 30-month study of fine root traits,i.e.,fine root biomass(FRB),productivity,mortality,turnover,specific root length(SRL),specific root area(SRA),and root tip frequency(RTF),along a soil moisture gradient from dry,intermediate,and wet conditions in a near-natural mature beech forest.Sequential root coring with accompanying soil measurements was carried out at three study sites reflecting the gradient in soil water availability.For most fine root traits,we found significant differences between the upper 10 cm and lower soil depths.FRB showed significant differences between study sites,with the lowest FRB at the dry site.However,productivity,turnover,SRL,SRA,and RTF showed no significant differences between sites,but a high variability between seasons,suggesting an adaptation to short-term fluctuations but not to long-term gradients in soil water content(SWC).Linear mixed models revealed that decreasing SWC led to a significant increase in SRL,SRA,and RTF(standardized coefficients:-1.0±0.46,-1.1±0.46,and-1.1±0.43,respectively).Our observations indicate an adaptation strategy of beech to low availability of soil water and drought by forming thin absorptive roots and by maintaining a high seasonal plasticity to tolerate fluctuations in soil moisture.By highlighting the belowground morphological adaptations of mature forests to low soil water availability,our results provide novel insights into the structure and dynamics of forest ecosystem adaptations to climate change.展开更多
Fine particulate matter(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5μm or less;PM2.5)causes millions of premature deaths globally1,but not all particles are equally harmful2-4.Current air-pollution control strategies,pr...Fine particulate matter(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5μm or less;PM2.5)causes millions of premature deaths globally1,but not all particles are equally harmful2-4.Current air-pollution control strategies,prioritizing PM2.5 mass reduction,have provided considerable health benefits but further refinements based on differences in the toxicity of various emission sources may provide greater benefits5-7.Here we integrated field measurements with air-quality modelling to assess the unequal toxicities of PM2.5 from various anthropogenic sources.展开更多
Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage...Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage resistance to powdery mildew over consecutive years.Genetic analysis of H1-707 at the seedling stage revealed a dominant monogenic inheritance pattern,and the underlying gene was designated Pm71.By employing bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)and using 2000 F2:3 families,Pm71 was fine mapped to a 336-kb interval on chromosome arm 6AS by referencing to the durum cv.Svevo RefSeq 1.0.Collinearity analysis revealed high homology in the candidate interval between Svevo and six Triticum species.Among six high-confidence genes annotated within this interval,TRITD6Av1G005050 encoding a GDSL esterase/lipase was identified as a key candidate for Pm71.展开更多
A new adsorbent was successfully prepared by hydrothermal treatment and chemical activation through coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)and blue algae(BA)as raw materials and used for CO_(2)capture.The CO_(2)chemisorptio...A new adsorbent was successfully prepared by hydrothermal treatment and chemical activation through coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)and blue algae(BA)as raw materials and used for CO_(2)capture.The CO_(2)chemisorption capacity of the adsorbent was further enhanced by taking advantage of the nitrogenous bases contained in the BA.In the hydrothermal process,the addition of BA significantly increased the content of pyrrole nitrogen in the adsorbent.In the activation process,pyrrole nitrogen gradually changed into pyridine nitrogen and graphite nitrogen.Increased BA addition result in a higher specific surface area and microporosity of the adsorbent.The CO_(2)adsorption performance test proved that the CGFS-50%-CA sample has the strongest CO_(2)adsorption capacity at low temperature,up to 15.59 cm^(3)/g,which is mainly through physical adsorption,and the CGFS-10%-CA sample has the strongest CO_(2)adsorption capacity at high temperature,up to 7.31 cm^(3)/g,which is mainly through chemical adsorption.CO_(2)uptake of the CGFS-10%-CA sample was well maintained after 10 cycles,with regeneration efficiencies above 99%.The results indicate that the novel adsorbents with coexistence of physical and chemical adsorption have great potential for CO_(2)adsorption applications.展开更多
This study embarks on an explorative investigation into the effects of typical concentrations and varying particle sizes of fine grits(FG,the involatile portion of suspended solids)and fine debris(FD,the volatile yet ...This study embarks on an explorative investigation into the effects of typical concentrations and varying particle sizes of fine grits(FG,the involatile portion of suspended solids)and fine debris(FD,the volatile yet unbiodegradable fraction of suspended solids)within the influent on themixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)/mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)ratio of an activated sludge system.Through meticulous experimentation,it was discerned that the addition of FG or FD,the particle size of FG,and the concentration of FD bore no substantial impact on the pollutant removal efficiency(denoted by the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen)under constant operational conditions.However,a notable decrease in the MLVSS/MLSS ratio was observed with a typical FG concentration of 20 mg/L,with smaller FG particle sizes exacerbating this reduction.Additionally,variations in FD concentrations influenced both MLSS andMLVSS/MLSS ratios;a higher FD concentration led to an increased MLSS and a reduced MLVSS/MLSS ratio,indicating FD accumulation in the system.A predictive model for MLVSS/MLSS was constructed based on quality balance calculations,offering a tool for foreseeing the MLVSS/MLSS ratio under stable long-term influent conditions of FG and FD.This model,validated using data from the BXH wastewater treatment plant(WWTP),showcased remarkable accuracy.展开更多
Rubbery waste at the end of the cycle often constitutes a threat for the environment because of their encumbrance and low biodeterioration.The purpose of the research presented is to develop the rubber fine powder as ...Rubbery waste at the end of the cycle often constitutes a threat for the environment because of their encumbrance and low biodeterioration.The purpose of the research presented is to develop the rubber fine powder as a pavement.It is interested primarily in the behavior of two types of bitumen 40/50 modified by the addition of two varieties of rubber fine powders of different grading,resulting from the crushing of the rubbery products intended for the clothes industry of soles of shoes.The objective of the experimentation is to study the influence of the added polymer on the physical properties of the ordinary road bitumen with the incorporation of the fine powder.The experimental approach is carried out using the two tests of characterization of the bitumen i.e.the softening point test and the penetration test which remain the most used to define and classify the road bitumen.It will be noted however,that the experimental investigation which is based on several tests according to the type and the content of fine powders,leads on a whole of interesting correlations.展开更多
Fine debris is an important component of natural debris flows.Previous studies focused primarily on the clay minerals found in the fines,and non-clay minerals were often neglected.The effects of mineralogy of fines on...Fine debris is an important component of natural debris flows.Previous studies focused primarily on the clay minerals found in the fines,and non-clay minerals were often neglected.The effects of mineralogy of fines on debris-mass slurrying and flow behaviors of the resultant slurries are examined herein.The fines(≤0.04 mm)in the<5 mm fraction of the Dongyuege Creek debris-flow deposit is replaced with five other mineral powders with the same maximum particle size.Four types of separate and sequential experiments related to debris slurrying and slurry behaviors are carried out with the prepared clastic materials.The obtained slurrying index ranging from 0.08 to 0.18 shows that non-clay minerals also can function as the fine fractions of debris-flow materials,so long as the requirement of grain size distribution is met.Equidimensional,non-clay minerals making up fines of debris flows can increase the upper solid concentration limits of slurrying(with a maximum of 0.692)and peak values of relative excess water pressure(measured maximum mean peak value is 0.99),leading to higher momentum and higher competence,and thereby more destructive catastrophe.The sediments with platy non-clay mineral-dominated fines have potential for mobilizing into small-to medium-size debris flows with a relatively small competence.Clay minerals in the fines may indeed enhance the liquefaction potential of debris masses by expanding the difference between upper and lower solid concentration limits of slurrying(0.413 and 0.238,respectively,for pure kaolinite),but they significantly suppress the momentum,competence,and destructive power of potential debris flows by lowering upper solid concentration limit of slurrying of debris masses.Alpine catchments rich in non-clay minerals,notably those releasing dolomite into loose sediments,may be more prone to threatening and destructive debris flows.The basin producing clay minerals should be more susceptible to lowmagnitude/high-frequency debris flows with less devastating consequences.展开更多
The mineral composition of the sinter affects the quality of cold-bonded briquettes(CBB),which are prepared from returned sinter fines and serve as a cleaner blast furnace charge.Pulverization rate,compressive strengt...The mineral composition of the sinter affects the quality of cold-bonded briquettes(CBB),which are prepared from returned sinter fines and serve as a cleaner blast furnace charge.Pulverization rate,compressive strength,reduction disintegration index(RDI)and compressive strength after reduction experiment were tested to analyze the experimental parameters of CBB under the influence of different basicities and sintering time.The results show that when the basicity of CBB is increased from 0.5 to 1.5,the pulverization rate increases,and performance indexes such as compressive strength,RDI,and compressive strength exhibit a decreasing trend.When the basicity is increased from 1.5 to 3.0,all the aforementioned performance indexes are improved.When the sintering time is extended from 0 to 8 h,the properties mentioned above are improved.The results of X-ray diffraction,microstructure,and thermodynamic calculations confirm that the hematite in the mineral composition of CBB tends to convert into calcium ferrite,which leads to the increased compressive strength of CBB.The reasonable basicity and sintering time during sinter preparation not only form the desired mineral composition but also improve the properties of the CBB.展开更多
Soybean seed isoflavones are a type of secondary metabolites that can provide health and nutrition benefits for humans. In our previous study, a stable quantitative trait locus(QTL) qIF05-1 controlling the seed isofla...Soybean seed isoflavones are a type of secondary metabolites that can provide health and nutrition benefits for humans. In our previous study, a stable quantitative trait locus(QTL) qIF05-1 controlling the seed isoflavone content in soybean was detected on chromosome(Chr.) 05 in a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population from a cross of Huachun 2×Wayao. In this study, the parental lines were re-sequenced using the Illumina Solexa System with deep coverage. A total of 63,099 polymorphic long insertions and deletions(InDels)(≥15 bp)were identified between the parents Huachun 2 and Wayao. The InDels were unevenly distributed on 20chromosomes of soybean, varying from 1,826 in Chr. 12 to 4,544 in Chr. 18. A total of 10,002 long InDels(15.85% of total) were located in genic regions, including 1,139 large-effect long InDels which resulted in truncated or elongated protein sequences. In the qIF05-1 region, 68 long InDels were detected between the two parents. Using a progeny recombination experiment and genotype analysis, the qIF05-1 locus was mapped into a 102.2 kb genomic region, and this region contained 12 genes. By RNA-seq data analysis, genome sequence comparison and functional validation through ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, Glyma.05G208300(described as GmEGL3), which is a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) transcription factor in plants, emerged as the most likely confirmed gene in qIF05-1. These long InDels can be used as a type of complementary genetic method for QTL fine mapping, and they can facilitate genetic studies and molecular-assisted selection breeding in soybean.展开更多
Although fine equiaxed structure benefits both strength and ductility in titanium alloys,it is often considered incompatible with high toughness,for its insufficient ability to deflect propagating cracks compared to c...Although fine equiaxed structure benefits both strength and ductility in titanium alloys,it is often considered incompatible with high toughness,for its insufficient ability to deflect propagating cracks compared to coarse lamellar structure.This work reports an excellent combination of standard Charpy impact toughness(∼100 J)and yield strength(∼820 MPa)in a powder metallurgy titanium alloy with fine equiaxed structure(∼1.5μm),wherein the β matrix exists as equiaxed nodules and fine ligaments for globularization of α grains.The impact curve divided with the“compliance changing rate”(CCR)method indicates that the energy consumed by crack propagation is dominant(∼82%)during the impact process.Fractographic and structural examinations indicate that multiple micro-voids nucleation near boundaries between fine β ligaments and α grains mitigates local stress concentration,and that coordinated deformation between equiaxed β nodules and α grains hinders crack propagation,which together enable the excellent combination of yield strength and impact toughness.Our work provides a new pathway for designing impact-resistant titanium alloys.展开更多
Gas channeling in fractures during CO_(2) injection into the deep coal seam seriously reduces the CO_(2) storage efficiency after the development of coalbed methane.The generation and migration of coal fines causes bl...Gas channeling in fractures during CO_(2) injection into the deep coal seam seriously reduces the CO_(2) storage efficiency after the development of coalbed methane.The generation and migration of coal fines causes blockages in the fractures in the stage of drainage and gas production,reducing the gas channeling effect of injected CO_(2) caused by the heterogeneity of the coal seam.To explore the impact of coal fines within coal seam fractures on the efficacy of CO_(2) storage,experiments on the production stage and CO_(2) injection for storage were conducted on coal combinations containing propped fractures,fractures,and matrix.The CO_(2) storage characteristics of coal at the constraint of coal fines,as well as the influence of multiple rounds of intermittent CO_(2) injection and different injection parameters on the CO_(2) storage effect,were analyzed.The research results show that blockage by coal fines increases the resistance to fluid flow in the fractures by 71.2%.The CO_(2) storage capacity and storage potential of coal with coal fines are 6.5 cm^(3)/g and 8.8%higher than those of coal without coal fines,while the CO_(2) storage capacity of fractured coal under the influence of coal fines has the largest increase of 9.4 cm^(3)/g.The CO_(2) storage of coal containing coal fines is significantly higher(6.6%)than that of the coal without coal fines.The CO_(2) storage effect of the coal with coal fines is improved with the increase in injection rate,whereas the CO_(2) storage effect of the coal without coal fines decreases significantly(by 7.8%).Multiple rounds of intermittent injection increases the CO_(2) storage volume of coal by 20.4%(with coal fines)and 17.1%(without coal fines).The presence of coal fines in fractures also slows down the downward trend of CO_(2) storage fraction after multiple rounds of CO_(2) injection.The blockage in fractures significantly increases the CO_(2) injection time and difficulty,but can increase the CO_(2) storage fraction by 4.7%-17.1%,and the storage volume by 1.9%-14%,increasing the feasibility of CO_(2) storage in fractured coal seams that have previously been exploited for methane production.The multiple rounds of intermittent CO_(2) injection and shut-in periods has shown potential for greater CO_(2) storage and injection efficiency.展开更多
Soot is a flocculent carbon nanoparticle that results the imperfect combustion of fossil fuel,and numerous studies are dedicated to the reduction of soot production to alleviate the associated environmental problems.H...Soot is a flocculent carbon nanoparticle that results the imperfect combustion of fossil fuel,and numerous studies are dedicated to the reduction of soot production to alleviate the associated environmental problems.However,soot as a functional material is also widely used in energy storage and superhydrophobic materials.As a partial oxidation technology,the entrained flow coal gasification process will produce part of the soot.It is important to separate soot from the coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)and understand its structural characteristics for soot utilization.For this purpose,two industrial typical pulverized coal gasification fine slag(PCGFS)and coal-water slurry gasification fine slag(WCGFS)were selected for this study.The results showed that both fine slags were rich in soot,and the dry ash free mass fraction of soot in PCGFS and WCGFS was 6.24%and 2.91%,respectively,and the soot of PCGFS had a hollow carbon nanosphere morphology,while the soot of WCGFS showed a flocculent irregular morphology.The average fringe length,fringe tortuosity,and fringe spacing of the soot were 0.84 nm,1.21,and 0.45 nm,respectively.Compared to the WCGFS,the soot particles of PCGFS have less continuity of molecular bonds within the lattice,the larger the defects within the lattice,the fewer isolated lattice carbon layers there are.This study provides important theoretical support for understanding the structural characteristics and next applications of soot in the entrained flow coal gasification fine slag.展开更多
The permeability of the sintering process can be significantly improved by the pellet sintering,but the excessive permeability will impact the heat accumulation of the sinter bed.Thus,it is very essential to clarify t...The permeability of the sintering process can be significantly improved by the pellet sintering,but the excessive permeability will impact the heat accumulation of the sinter bed.Thus,it is very essential to clarify the influence of the pellet particle size on the heat transfer process of sintering.Therefore,pilot-scale sinter pot tests of pellet sintering with manganese ore fines of different particle sizes were conducted,and traditional sintering was compared to reveal the heat transfer process of sintering and its impact on the microstructure of sintered ore.The results indicate that under suitable pellet sizes(8-12 mm),the heat transfer efficiency and the heat accumulation effect between the layers of sinter bed are strengthened by the pellet sintering,as well as the highest temperature in the combustion zone and the duration of high-temperature zone.This also leads to the further growth of ferrotephroite or hausmannite in liquid phase and its more reasonable crystal distribution.Ultimately,compared with the traditional sintering process,the total solid fuel consumption can be reduced by 20%-30%,and the productivity can be increased by 11.71%-16.21%.展开更多
The deposition of coal fines in fractures reduces fracture conductivity and hampers efficient coalbed methane production.The results of the multiphase flow visualization experiment indicate that,at low flow rates,fine...The deposition of coal fines in fractures reduces fracture conductivity and hampers efficient coalbed methane production.The results of the multiphase flow visualization experiment indicate that,at low flow rates,fines primarily deposit at the bottom of fracture.At medium flow rates,they exhibit finger-like migration patterns.At high flow rates,some fines initially transported out,but later they tend to form agglomerates.Fine coal fines migrate through suspension and rolling,while medium coal fines form filter cakes both inside and outside the fractures,and coarse coal fines block gas-water flow by forming filter cakes at the fracture fronts.Smaller particle sizes result in higher fines production.The output of coal fines peaks at concentration 4%before declining.Higher concentrations promote the formation of filter cake;however,gas-water injection can effectively clear these blockages.Multiple forces drive fines migration,with capillary forces playing a significant role in this process.The initiation velocity decreases with increasing particle size,but it rises again at a particle size threshold of 22μm.In the early stages,fines are more influenced by adhesion forces,but gravity prevails as particle size grows.At flow rates between 0.2 and 0.29 cm/s,fines ranging from 0.4 to 52.44μm are discharged from the coal seam.The results provide insights into coalbed methane production during gas-water flow.展开更多
Large grain is a favorable trait for appearance quality and a large sink potential in wheat breeding.The stable QTL QGl.caas-5BS for grain length was previously identified in a recombinant inbred line population from ...Large grain is a favorable trait for appearance quality and a large sink potential in wheat breeding.The stable QTL QGl.caas-5BS for grain length was previously identified in a recombinant inbred line population from the cross of Zhongmai 871(ZM871)and its sister line Zhongmai 895(ZM895).Here,a BC_(1)F_6 residual heterozygous line was selected from the cross of a ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 population,and six heterozygous recombinant plants were identified in the BC_(1)F_(7)population from self-pollination of the heterozygous line.QGl.caas-5BS was delimited into an interval of approximately 2.2 Mb flanked by markers Kasp_5B33 and Kasp_5B2(25.3-27.5 Mb)by phenotyping and genotyping the secondary mapping populations derived from these heterozygous recombinant plants.Five genes were predicted as candidates of QGl.caas-5BS based on sequence polymorphism and differential expression analyses.Further mutation analysis showed that TraesCS5B02G026800 is likely the causal gene of QGl.caas-5BS.The gene-specific marker Kasp_5B_Gl for TraesCS5B02G026800 was developed,and a significant genetic effect of QGl.caas-5BS on grain length was identified in a validation population of 166 cultivars using this marker.These findings lay a good foundation for map-based cloning of QGl.caas-5BS and provide a breeding-applicable marker for the improvement of grain length in wheat.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(52374279)。
文摘The efficient extraction and separation of valuable metal elements from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)are crucial for the comprehensive high-value utilization of its constituents.This study focused on the carbon-rich components of CGFS(CGFS-H)and systematically investigates the selective leaching behavior of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)using three organic acid extractants,i.e.,citric acid,tartaric acid,and tetrasodium iminodisuccinate.Additionally,the stepwise leaching of iron,aluminum and calcium from CGFS-H is explored.The selective dissolution mechanisms of these metals by different organic acids are elucidated through X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses.The results indicate that tetrasodium iminodisuccinate exhibits the highest leaching selectivity for Fe^(3+),while tartaric acid demonstrateds a comparable affinity for both Fe^(3+)and Al^(3+).In contrast citric acid shows superior selectivity toward Ca^(2+).The leaching yield of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)after sequential leaching with the three organic acids were 79.8%,65.08%and 78.6%,respectively.These findings confirm that effective and selective separation of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)from CGFS-H can be achieved via optimized organic acid-based leaching strategies.This advancement provides a critical foundation for developing Ca/Fe/Al hydrotalcite materials using CGFS-H as a sustainable feedstock,thereby facilitating the transformation of waste residue into high-value functional materials and promoting resourceefficient utilization of coal gasification fine slag.
基金Funded by the Ten National-level Science and Technology Innovation Platform Cultivation and Construction Projects in Qinghai Province(No.2025-ZJ-J01)the Leader of Natural Science and Engineering Technology in Qinghai Province(2023)the Western Young Scholars Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2024)。
文摘The influence mechanism of MgO particle fineness on the properties of MOC was comprehensively explored through means of grinding,sieving,hydration and apparent density testing,in conjunction with characterization methods such as setting time,stability,compressive strength,and microscopic morphology.The findings reveal that MOC demonstrates excellent stability and mechanical properties when the particle fineness of MgO is less than 75μm.When the MgO particle fineness exceeds 75μm,MOC exhibits superior fluidity and maneuverability.When 0.75μm MgO is employed as the raw material to prepare MOC,a water-cement ratio of 0.6 proves more favorable.These results can furnish a theoretical foundation for the preparation and application of MOC.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52168022).
文摘To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),based on the strain equivalence principle and the assumption that microelement strength follows a Weibull statistical distribution.The proposed model incorporates the Drucker-Prager failure criterion.By examining the influence of Weibull distribution parameters m and S_(0)on the stress-strain response,empirical relationships were established between the fine aggregate replacement ratio and the distribution parameters.This enabled the derivation of a theoretical stress-strain curve accounting for variable recycled fine aggragate(RFA)replacement ratios.The experimental results show that the proposed model exhibits high agreement with measured data and effectively captures the increased brittleness of PRFAC with higher RFA replacement ratios.Moreover,increasing the replacement rate accelerates internal crack propagation,reduces deformability and toughness,and significantly hastens the accumulation of internal damage in PRFAC.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)the Federal Ministry for the Environment,Nature Conservation,Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV) through the Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V.(FNR)(grant no. 2218 WK53X4)
文摘Increasing evidence suggests that fine roots are particularly sensitive to environmental changes,making them essential in responding and adapting forest ecosystems to climate change.However,we still lack a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control fine root plasticity.The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil moisture changes on fine root dynamics and morphology of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.).We conducted a 30-month study of fine root traits,i.e.,fine root biomass(FRB),productivity,mortality,turnover,specific root length(SRL),specific root area(SRA),and root tip frequency(RTF),along a soil moisture gradient from dry,intermediate,and wet conditions in a near-natural mature beech forest.Sequential root coring with accompanying soil measurements was carried out at three study sites reflecting the gradient in soil water availability.For most fine root traits,we found significant differences between the upper 10 cm and lower soil depths.FRB showed significant differences between study sites,with the lowest FRB at the dry site.However,productivity,turnover,SRL,SRA,and RTF showed no significant differences between sites,but a high variability between seasons,suggesting an adaptation to short-term fluctuations but not to long-term gradients in soil water content(SWC).Linear mixed models revealed that decreasing SWC led to a significant increase in SRL,SRA,and RTF(standardized coefficients:-1.0±0.46,-1.1±0.46,and-1.1±0.43,respectively).Our observations indicate an adaptation strategy of beech to low availability of soil water and drought by forming thin absorptive roots and by maintaining a high seasonal plasticity to tolerate fluctuations in soil moisture.By highlighting the belowground morphological adaptations of mature forests to low soil water availability,our results provide novel insights into the structure and dynamics of forest ecosystem adaptations to climate change.
文摘Fine particulate matter(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5μm or less;PM2.5)causes millions of premature deaths globally1,but not all particles are equally harmful2-4.Current air-pollution control strategies,prioritizing PM2.5 mass reduction,have provided considerable health benefits but further refinements based on differences in the toxicity of various emission sources may provide greater benefits5-7.Here we integrated field measurements with air-quality modelling to assess the unequal toxicities of PM2.5 from various anthropogenic sources.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301800,32301923 and 32072053)Wheat Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-01-01)Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022LZG002-4,2023LZGC009-4-4).
文摘Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage resistance to powdery mildew over consecutive years.Genetic analysis of H1-707 at the seedling stage revealed a dominant monogenic inheritance pattern,and the underlying gene was designated Pm71.By employing bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)and using 2000 F2:3 families,Pm71 was fine mapped to a 336-kb interval on chromosome arm 6AS by referencing to the durum cv.Svevo RefSeq 1.0.Collinearity analysis revealed high homology in the candidate interval between Svevo and six Triticum species.Among six high-confidence genes annotated within this interval,TRITD6Av1G005050 encoding a GDSL esterase/lipase was identified as a key candidate for Pm71.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168032)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3904302,2023YFB4103500)the Key Projects of Ning Dong Energy and Chemical Industry Base(2023NDKJXMLX022).
文摘A new adsorbent was successfully prepared by hydrothermal treatment and chemical activation through coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)and blue algae(BA)as raw materials and used for CO_(2)capture.The CO_(2)chemisorption capacity of the adsorbent was further enhanced by taking advantage of the nitrogenous bases contained in the BA.In the hydrothermal process,the addition of BA significantly increased the content of pyrrole nitrogen in the adsorbent.In the activation process,pyrrole nitrogen gradually changed into pyridine nitrogen and graphite nitrogen.Increased BA addition result in a higher specific surface area and microporosity of the adsorbent.The CO_(2)adsorption performance test proved that the CGFS-50%-CA sample has the strongest CO_(2)adsorption capacity at low temperature,up to 15.59 cm^(3)/g,which is mainly through physical adsorption,and the CGFS-10%-CA sample has the strongest CO_(2)adsorption capacity at high temperature,up to 7.31 cm^(3)/g,which is mainly through chemical adsorption.CO_(2)uptake of the CGFS-10%-CA sample was well maintained after 10 cycles,with regeneration efficiencies above 99%.The results indicate that the novel adsorbents with coexistence of physical and chemical adsorption have great potential for CO_(2)adsorption applications.
基金supported by the National Special Project for Science and Technology on Water Pollution Control and Management(No.2017ZX07102-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China(No.2020030257).
文摘This study embarks on an explorative investigation into the effects of typical concentrations and varying particle sizes of fine grits(FG,the involatile portion of suspended solids)and fine debris(FD,the volatile yet unbiodegradable fraction of suspended solids)within the influent on themixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)/mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)ratio of an activated sludge system.Through meticulous experimentation,it was discerned that the addition of FG or FD,the particle size of FG,and the concentration of FD bore no substantial impact on the pollutant removal efficiency(denoted by the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen)under constant operational conditions.However,a notable decrease in the MLVSS/MLSS ratio was observed with a typical FG concentration of 20 mg/L,with smaller FG particle sizes exacerbating this reduction.Additionally,variations in FD concentrations influenced both MLSS andMLVSS/MLSS ratios;a higher FD concentration led to an increased MLSS and a reduced MLVSS/MLSS ratio,indicating FD accumulation in the system.A predictive model for MLVSS/MLSS was constructed based on quality balance calculations,offering a tool for foreseeing the MLVSS/MLSS ratio under stable long-term influent conditions of FG and FD.This model,validated using data from the BXH wastewater treatment plant(WWTP),showcased remarkable accuracy.
文摘Rubbery waste at the end of the cycle often constitutes a threat for the environment because of their encumbrance and low biodeterioration.The purpose of the research presented is to develop the rubber fine powder as a pavement.It is interested primarily in the behavior of two types of bitumen 40/50 modified by the addition of two varieties of rubber fine powders of different grading,resulting from the crushing of the rubbery products intended for the clothes industry of soles of shoes.The objective of the experimentation is to study the influence of the added polymer on the physical properties of the ordinary road bitumen with the incorporation of the fine powder.The experimental approach is carried out using the two tests of characterization of the bitumen i.e.the softening point test and the penetration test which remain the most used to define and classify the road bitumen.It will be noted however,that the experimental investigation which is based on several tests according to the type and the content of fine powders,leads on a whole of interesting correlations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41931294)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund(U1502232,U1033601)。
文摘Fine debris is an important component of natural debris flows.Previous studies focused primarily on the clay minerals found in the fines,and non-clay minerals were often neglected.The effects of mineralogy of fines on debris-mass slurrying and flow behaviors of the resultant slurries are examined herein.The fines(≤0.04 mm)in the<5 mm fraction of the Dongyuege Creek debris-flow deposit is replaced with five other mineral powders with the same maximum particle size.Four types of separate and sequential experiments related to debris slurrying and slurry behaviors are carried out with the prepared clastic materials.The obtained slurrying index ranging from 0.08 to 0.18 shows that non-clay minerals also can function as the fine fractions of debris-flow materials,so long as the requirement of grain size distribution is met.Equidimensional,non-clay minerals making up fines of debris flows can increase the upper solid concentration limits of slurrying(with a maximum of 0.692)and peak values of relative excess water pressure(measured maximum mean peak value is 0.99),leading to higher momentum and higher competence,and thereby more destructive catastrophe.The sediments with platy non-clay mineral-dominated fines have potential for mobilizing into small-to medium-size debris flows with a relatively small competence.Clay minerals in the fines may indeed enhance the liquefaction potential of debris masses by expanding the difference between upper and lower solid concentration limits of slurrying(0.413 and 0.238,respectively,for pure kaolinite),but they significantly suppress the momentum,competence,and destructive power of potential debris flows by lowering upper solid concentration limit of slurrying of debris masses.Alpine catchments rich in non-clay minerals,notably those releasing dolomite into loose sediments,may be more prone to threatening and destructive debris flows.The basin producing clay minerals should be more susceptible to lowmagnitude/high-frequency debris flows with less devastating consequences.
基金supported by Distinguished Professor(Tracking Plan)of Oriental Scholars of Shanghai Universities(Grant No.GZ2020013)National 111 Project(The Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to University)(Grant No.Dl7002)+1 种基金Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy and Shanghai University(Grant No.SKLASS 2022-Z011)Additionally,the authors are appreciative of the funding from the Academy of Finland with Grant No.349833.
文摘The mineral composition of the sinter affects the quality of cold-bonded briquettes(CBB),which are prepared from returned sinter fines and serve as a cleaner blast furnace charge.Pulverization rate,compressive strength,reduction disintegration index(RDI)and compressive strength after reduction experiment were tested to analyze the experimental parameters of CBB under the influence of different basicities and sintering time.The results show that when the basicity of CBB is increased from 0.5 to 1.5,the pulverization rate increases,and performance indexes such as compressive strength,RDI,and compressive strength exhibit a decreasing trend.When the basicity is increased from 1.5 to 3.0,all the aforementioned performance indexes are improved.When the sintering time is extended from 0 to 8 h,the properties mentioned above are improved.The results of X-ray diffraction,microstructure,and thermodynamic calculations confirm that the hematite in the mineral composition of CBB tends to convert into calcium ferrite,which leads to the increased compressive strength of CBB.The reasonable basicity and sintering time during sinter preparation not only form the desired mineral composition but also improve the properties of the CBB.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-04-PS12)the Research and Development Program in the Key-Areas of Guangdong Province,China(2020B020220008)the Guangdong Agricultural Research System,China(2023KJ136-03).
文摘Soybean seed isoflavones are a type of secondary metabolites that can provide health and nutrition benefits for humans. In our previous study, a stable quantitative trait locus(QTL) qIF05-1 controlling the seed isoflavone content in soybean was detected on chromosome(Chr.) 05 in a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population from a cross of Huachun 2×Wayao. In this study, the parental lines were re-sequenced using the Illumina Solexa System with deep coverage. A total of 63,099 polymorphic long insertions and deletions(InDels)(≥15 bp)were identified between the parents Huachun 2 and Wayao. The InDels were unevenly distributed on 20chromosomes of soybean, varying from 1,826 in Chr. 12 to 4,544 in Chr. 18. A total of 10,002 long InDels(15.85% of total) were located in genic regions, including 1,139 large-effect long InDels which resulted in truncated or elongated protein sequences. In the qIF05-1 region, 68 long InDels were detected between the two parents. Using a progeny recombination experiment and genotype analysis, the qIF05-1 locus was mapped into a 102.2 kb genomic region, and this region contained 12 genes. By RNA-seq data analysis, genome sequence comparison and functional validation through ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, Glyma.05G208300(described as GmEGL3), which is a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) transcription factor in plants, emerged as the most likely confirmed gene in qIF05-1. These long InDels can be used as a type of complementary genetic method for QTL fine mapping, and they can facilitate genetic studies and molecular-assisted selection breeding in soybean.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371156).
文摘Although fine equiaxed structure benefits both strength and ductility in titanium alloys,it is often considered incompatible with high toughness,for its insufficient ability to deflect propagating cracks compared to coarse lamellar structure.This work reports an excellent combination of standard Charpy impact toughness(∼100 J)and yield strength(∼820 MPa)in a powder metallurgy titanium alloy with fine equiaxed structure(∼1.5μm),wherein the β matrix exists as equiaxed nodules and fine ligaments for globularization of α grains.The impact curve divided with the“compliance changing rate”(CCR)method indicates that the energy consumed by crack propagation is dominant(∼82%)during the impact process.Fractographic and structural examinations indicate that multiple micro-voids nucleation near boundaries between fine β ligaments and α grains mitigates local stress concentration,and that coordinated deformation between equiaxed β nodules and α grains hinders crack propagation,which together enable the excellent combination of yield strength and impact toughness.Our work provides a new pathway for designing impact-resistant titanium alloys.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104048,42272198)。
文摘Gas channeling in fractures during CO_(2) injection into the deep coal seam seriously reduces the CO_(2) storage efficiency after the development of coalbed methane.The generation and migration of coal fines causes blockages in the fractures in the stage of drainage and gas production,reducing the gas channeling effect of injected CO_(2) caused by the heterogeneity of the coal seam.To explore the impact of coal fines within coal seam fractures on the efficacy of CO_(2) storage,experiments on the production stage and CO_(2) injection for storage were conducted on coal combinations containing propped fractures,fractures,and matrix.The CO_(2) storage characteristics of coal at the constraint of coal fines,as well as the influence of multiple rounds of intermittent CO_(2) injection and different injection parameters on the CO_(2) storage effect,were analyzed.The research results show that blockage by coal fines increases the resistance to fluid flow in the fractures by 71.2%.The CO_(2) storage capacity and storage potential of coal with coal fines are 6.5 cm^(3)/g and 8.8%higher than those of coal without coal fines,while the CO_(2) storage capacity of fractured coal under the influence of coal fines has the largest increase of 9.4 cm^(3)/g.The CO_(2) storage of coal containing coal fines is significantly higher(6.6%)than that of the coal without coal fines.The CO_(2) storage effect of the coal with coal fines is improved with the increase in injection rate,whereas the CO_(2) storage effect of the coal without coal fines decreases significantly(by 7.8%).Multiple rounds of intermittent injection increases the CO_(2) storage volume of coal by 20.4%(with coal fines)and 17.1%(without coal fines).The presence of coal fines in fractures also slows down the downward trend of CO_(2) storage fraction after multiple rounds of CO_(2) injection.The blockage in fractures significantly increases the CO_(2) injection time and difficulty,but can increase the CO_(2) storage fraction by 4.7%-17.1%,and the storage volume by 1.9%-14%,increasing the feasibility of CO_(2) storage in fractured coal seams that have previously been exploited for methane production.The multiple rounds of intermittent CO_(2) injection and shut-in periods has shown potential for greater CO_(2) storage and injection efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168032,21968024)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3904302).
文摘Soot is a flocculent carbon nanoparticle that results the imperfect combustion of fossil fuel,and numerous studies are dedicated to the reduction of soot production to alleviate the associated environmental problems.However,soot as a functional material is also widely used in energy storage and superhydrophobic materials.As a partial oxidation technology,the entrained flow coal gasification process will produce part of the soot.It is important to separate soot from the coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)and understand its structural characteristics for soot utilization.For this purpose,two industrial typical pulverized coal gasification fine slag(PCGFS)and coal-water slurry gasification fine slag(WCGFS)were selected for this study.The results showed that both fine slags were rich in soot,and the dry ash free mass fraction of soot in PCGFS and WCGFS was 6.24%and 2.91%,respectively,and the soot of PCGFS had a hollow carbon nanosphere morphology,while the soot of WCGFS showed a flocculent irregular morphology.The average fringe length,fringe tortuosity,and fringe spacing of the soot were 0.84 nm,1.21,and 0.45 nm,respectively.Compared to the WCGFS,the soot particles of PCGFS have less continuity of molecular bonds within the lattice,the larger the defects within the lattice,the fewer isolated lattice carbon layers there are.This study provides important theoretical support for understanding the structural characteristics and next applications of soot in the entrained flow coal gasification fine slag.
基金supports from the National Science Foundation of China under Grant number of No.52174329China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202216).
文摘The permeability of the sintering process can be significantly improved by the pellet sintering,but the excessive permeability will impact the heat accumulation of the sinter bed.Thus,it is very essential to clarify the influence of the pellet particle size on the heat transfer process of sintering.Therefore,pilot-scale sinter pot tests of pellet sintering with manganese ore fines of different particle sizes were conducted,and traditional sintering was compared to reveal the heat transfer process of sintering and its impact on the microstructure of sintered ore.The results indicate that under suitable pellet sizes(8-12 mm),the heat transfer efficiency and the heat accumulation effect between the layers of sinter bed are strengthened by the pellet sintering,as well as the highest temperature in the combustion zone and the duration of high-temperature zone.This also leads to the further growth of ferrotephroite or hausmannite in liquid phase and its more reasonable crystal distribution.Ultimately,compared with the traditional sintering process,the total solid fuel consumption can be reduced by 20%-30%,and the productivity can be increased by 11.71%-16.21%.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272198)the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(2025WLKXJ001)+3 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_2780)Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process of the Ministry of Education(China University of Mining and Technology)(2024-013)The Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(E2020209074)Applied Science and Technology Projects of China National Petroleum Corporation(2023zz18-01).
文摘The deposition of coal fines in fractures reduces fracture conductivity and hampers efficient coalbed methane production.The results of the multiphase flow visualization experiment indicate that,at low flow rates,fines primarily deposit at the bottom of fracture.At medium flow rates,they exhibit finger-like migration patterns.At high flow rates,some fines initially transported out,but later they tend to form agglomerates.Fine coal fines migrate through suspension and rolling,while medium coal fines form filter cakes both inside and outside the fractures,and coarse coal fines block gas-water flow by forming filter cakes at the fracture fronts.Smaller particle sizes result in higher fines production.The output of coal fines peaks at concentration 4%before declining.Higher concentrations promote the formation of filter cake;however,gas-water injection can effectively clear these blockages.Multiple forces drive fines migration,with capillary forces playing a significant role in this process.The initiation velocity decreases with increasing particle size,but it rises again at a particle size threshold of 22μm.In the early stages,fines are more influenced by adhesion forces,but gravity prevails as particle size grows.At flow rates between 0.2 and 0.29 cm/s,fines ranging from 0.4 to 52.44μm are discharged from the coal seam.The results provide insights into coalbed methane production during gas-water flow.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143007)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2023B02006)+1 种基金the Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institutions,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(S2021ZD04 and S2022ZD04)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2021205013)。
文摘Large grain is a favorable trait for appearance quality and a large sink potential in wheat breeding.The stable QTL QGl.caas-5BS for grain length was previously identified in a recombinant inbred line population from the cross of Zhongmai 871(ZM871)and its sister line Zhongmai 895(ZM895).Here,a BC_(1)F_6 residual heterozygous line was selected from the cross of a ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 population,and six heterozygous recombinant plants were identified in the BC_(1)F_(7)population from self-pollination of the heterozygous line.QGl.caas-5BS was delimited into an interval of approximately 2.2 Mb flanked by markers Kasp_5B33 and Kasp_5B2(25.3-27.5 Mb)by phenotyping and genotyping the secondary mapping populations derived from these heterozygous recombinant plants.Five genes were predicted as candidates of QGl.caas-5BS based on sequence polymorphism and differential expression analyses.Further mutation analysis showed that TraesCS5B02G026800 is likely the causal gene of QGl.caas-5BS.The gene-specific marker Kasp_5B_Gl for TraesCS5B02G026800 was developed,and a significant genetic effect of QGl.caas-5BS on grain length was identified in a validation population of 166 cultivars using this marker.These findings lay a good foundation for map-based cloning of QGl.caas-5BS and provide a breeding-applicable marker for the improvement of grain length in wheat.
