As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order t...As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.展开更多
Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reporte...Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the relationship between NMF levels and aging, while few studies have investigated this relationship clinically. To fill this research gap, we determined the levels of major NMF components such as free amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, and urocanic acids, and individually verified their relationships with skin hydration, barrier function, age, and skin aging. Purpose: The objective of this study was to clinically investigate the relationship between NMF components levels and skin aging in facial skin. The main NMF components were obtained from facial skin and quantified. We then selected NMF components showing strong relationships to skin hydration, and analyzed the relationships of the levels of these selected NMF components with signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). We also examined the efficacy of treatment with a skin care formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, called SK-II FTE hereafter) including Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, PiteraTM) on the selected NMF component levels associated with skin hydration and barrier function, and the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Method: We conducted two clinical trials in this research. In Study 1, we measured 23 NMF components using tape-stripped cornified layer to quantify them via an HPLC method in 196 Asian females aged 20 to 59 (mean S.D., 38.6 9.4). Facial visual aging parameters [texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value)], as well as elasticity (R7), skin hydration, and TEWL, were quantified using facial skin imaging and skin physical property measurement devices. Study 2 was performed to evaluate whether the facial application of SK-II FTE affects the NMF levels and skin aging parameters in 63 Asian female volunteers aged 20 to 55 (38.4 9.03). During the course of Study 2, 0.6 mL of SK-II FTE was applied to the face twice daily in the morning and afternoon. Skin measurements were performed at the start of the day (baseline) and at week 8. Results: In Study 1, we examined the stratum corneum levels of 23 NMF components comparing to the skin hydration status in 196 female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups using the median of each measured NMF component. Skin hydration values were compared between the two groups defined for each NMF component. The results showed that subjects with higher levels of six amino acids, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine, exhibited significantly higher skin hydration than those with lower amino acid levels. No significant differences in skin hydration values were found for the other 17 NMF components. We then analyzed whether the sum of these six amino acid NMF components (called 6-AA-NMFs, hereafter) is affected by aging. The 6-AA-NMF level peaked in the subjects aged 25-29, and then gradually and significantly decreased with age. Interestingly, the 6-AA-NMF level was significantly correlated with the skin hydration value, but not with TEWL. In addition, the 6-AA-NMF level demonstrated significant correlations with the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Then, in Study 2, we examined whether the daily application of SK-II FTE affects the 6-AA-NMF level and visual aging parameters in 63 females. SK-II FTE demonstrated significant increases of the levels of 6-AA-NMFs and each of its components associated with hydration and barrier function, and improvements of skin texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value) during the 8 weeks of treatment of facial skin. Conclusion: These clinical studies with large numbers of subjects across a wide age range revealed that six amino acids as NMF components were highly correlated with facial skin hydration in the stratum corneum. The levels of these six NMF components were also found to decrease at ages after the 30 s and were significantly correlated with major signs of skin aging. Notably, these six NMF components (6-AA-NMFs) were increased by SK-II FTE treatment associated with improvements of skin hydration and signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). These studies were limited by the lack of investigation of why some NMF components were not associated with skin hydration. More clinical trials examining various NMF components and their relationship with aging are anticipated.展开更多
Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss...Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .展开更多
In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inv...In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.展开更多
Saccharomycopsis ferment filtrate (SFF), mainly used in skin care products, has been reported to inhibit inflammatory nitric oxide production and prevent epidermal damage. However, the effects of SFF on epidermal kera...Saccharomycopsis ferment filtrate (SFF), mainly used in skin care products, has been reported to inhibit inflammatory nitric oxide production and prevent epidermal damage. However, the effects of SFF on epidermal keratinocytes have not yet been explored. We investigated the effects of SFF on skin barrier function using human primary epidermal keratinocytes. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, -3, -4, occludin, ZO-1) were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of SFF on the barrier formation of epidermal keratinocytes was measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Rescue of cell death from H2O2 treatment was evaluated by annexin V staining. SFF, at concentrations that did not cause significant change of cell viability, induced dose-dependent cell-cell adhesion and formation of an organized monolayer structure. Pretreatment of keratinocytes with EGTA, a Ca2+ chelator, did not inhibit the cell-cell adhesion of keratinocytes by SFF, indicating a Ca2+-independent mechanism. The mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1 in keratinocytes were up-regulated by SFF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expressions of other tight junctions (TJs) including claudin-3 & 4, occludin and ZO-1 were also similarly increased in SFF-treated epidermal keratinocytes. The promoting effect of SFF on the barrier function of epidermal keratinocytes was further confirmed by the increased TER value in SFF-treated epidermal keratinocytes. Annexin V staining confirmed that SFF markedly decreased the number of dead cells resulted from H2O2 injury. Taken together, our results provided the first evidence that SFF enhanced keratinocytes barrier function by increasing the expression of TJs and TER.展开更多
Potato is a plant that can be influenced by early blight disease. Early blight is one of the most destructive plant diseases, especially in the members of solanaceae family. This disease can reduce yield. Experiment d...Potato is a plant that can be influenced by early blight disease. Early blight is one of the most destructive plant diseases, especially in the members of solanaceae family. This disease can reduce yield. Experiment design was a factorial randomized complete design to evaluate the isolate pathogenic Alternaria solani in National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, during 2008-2009. This experiment was conducted with three replications, and the factors include test methods and three lines 9506, 10908-05 and 10908-18 with genotypes of Agria, Casmos and Desiree (susceptible) and Delta (resistant control). Analysis of variance table was based on the area under the disease progress curve, indicating the effects of the experimental methods;genotype and their interactions are significant at the 1% level. In greenhouse evaluation, the symptoms appeared on, the first day. In this method the area under the curve progression was noted in 10 times, but in vitro method, the symptoms of this evaluation appeared on the first or second day. The Evaluation was carried out after inoculation, and was noted 6 times. The results indicate that genotypes and lines are located in four different groups. In this case, line 9506 and Cosmos were quite sensitive to the surface, and Desiree, is located in a sensitive area. Line 10908-18 and Agria, located approximately at the level of resistance, and line 10908-05 and Delta, have been resistant surface.展开更多
Fungal strains isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms were evaluated for fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of the rice blast disease. Fungal isolates (n = 105) were obtained...Fungal strains isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms were evaluated for fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of the rice blast disease. Fungal isolates (n = 105) were obtained from 46 samples of wild mushrooms. Infection behaviors of M. oryzae were assessed in the presence of culture filtrates from 90 fungal isolates, of which 20 inhibited spore germination. Heat-treated culture filtrates of these isolates were classified into 3 groups according to biological activity. Blast lesion formation by M. oryzae was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with culture filtrates from 4 fungal isolates. ITS region sequence analysis indicated that these?isolates shared similarities with species of the genera Annulohypoxylon, Nigrospora, and Penicillium. Studies of symbiotic and parasitic fungi from wild mushrooms may yield potential control agents for plant diseases such as the rice blast disease.展开更多
Bleaching with oxygen-containing agents and recirculation of process streams in the pulp and paper industry has increased the accumulation of oxalic acid and danger for precipitation of calcium oxalate encrusts, scali...Bleaching with oxygen-containing agents and recirculation of process streams in the pulp and paper industry has increased the accumulation of oxalic acid and danger for precipitation of calcium oxalate encrusts, scaling. Analysis and control of oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates is therefore becoming increasingly important in the pulp and paper industry. Chromatographic methods, such as IC and HPLC, are generally more time-consuming but are valuable as standard methods for determination of oxalic acid. However, the instrumentation needed is expensive and stationary. In this study, an enzymatic method based on oxalate oxidase and peroxidase was developed to determine oxalic acid in authentic bleaching filtrates using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that bleaching filtrates contain some compounds interfering with the enzymatic method. Pretreatment of the samples with activated charcoal was a successful approach for decreasing problems with interference. By using dilution followed by charcoal treatment, the results obtained from five bleaching filtrates with the colorimetric method correlated very well with those obtained using IC. This study offers a selective, fast and mobile analysis method to determine oxalic acid in bleaching fiRrates from the pulp and paper industry, The convenient enzyme-based method improves the possibilities for control of critical oxalic acid concentrations in closed-loop bleaching streams.展开更多
To study the effect of Green plum citron double strain fermentation filtrate(DSF)on the proliferation rate of HaCaT keratinocytes by CCK8 assay.The effect of DSF on the mRNA transcription levels of filagolin(FLG),lori...To study the effect of Green plum citron double strain fermentation filtrate(DSF)on the proliferation rate of HaCaT keratinocytes by CCK8 assay.The effect of DSF on the mRNA transcription levels of filagolin(FLG),loricrin(LOR),and occludin 1(CLD1)in HaCaT cells in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SLS)model was investigated by qPCR.The effect of DSF on the content of TNF-αin the supernatant of HaCaT cells in the model was investigated by Elisa.The results showed that DSF had no toxicity to HaCaT cells,but it could increase the mRNA transcription levels of FLG,LOR and CLD1 in HaCaT cells in the model,and reduce the content of TNF-αin the supernatant of HaCaT cells in the model.DSF had a certain effect on skin care of strengthening skin barrier.展开更多
Spore germination and appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae spores was completely suppressed by an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate from the H921 isolate (H921-EAE-CF). Production of antifungal sub...Spore germination and appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae spores was completely suppressed by an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate from the H921 isolate (H921-EAE-CF). Production of antifungal substance(s) in the H921-EAE-CF began to increase up to 3 days after isolate H921 incubation. Furthermore, heat treatment (105°C or 121°C) of H921-EAE-CF did not alter its inhibitory effect on M. oryzae spore germination compared to non-heat-treated H921-EAE-CF. Blast lesion formation inhibition by H921-EAE-CF was dose-dependent. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence analysis indicated that this isolate shared similarities with species of the genera Trichoderma. This study suggests that H921-EAE-CF contains some antifungal substances that could be promising candidates for control of rice blast disease.展开更多
In the experiment,the filtrate loss of synthetic fluid loss control fluid was recorded in room temperature and high temperature in the composite brine base and sodium chloride brine base slurry,and compared with the f...In the experiment,the filtrate loss of synthetic fluid loss control fluid was recorded in room temperature and high temperature in the composite brine base and sodium chloride brine base slurry,and compared with the filtrate loss before base polymer addition.In this way,the effect of filtration loss and salt resistance and temperature resistance of synthetic polymers were evaluated.The influence of the synthesized polymer on the rheological properties of the composite brine was also evaluated by determining the viscosity of the drilling fluid added to the base slurry and polymer.In the end,the structure of the synthetic polymers was characterized through the infrared spectrum,which initially analyzed through the mechanism of its function in reducing the filter loss.Finally,the products produced according to the recipe are given to the site and added to the two wells to record the drilling fluid performance data.展开更多
Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together...Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.展开更多
Resistance to maize southern leaf spot disease was induced by the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation in an experiment. The nuclear neterogeny corn C103 was used as the test material. The...Resistance to maize southern leaf spot disease was induced by the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation in an experiment. The nuclear neterogeny corn C103 was used as the test material. The lesion area on the leaves was significant difference by connalysis. The lesion areas on pretreated leaves were （0.3±0.05）- （0.9±0.5） mm^2, but those on the control were （23.1±8.7） mm^2. At the same time, the changes in peroxidase, phenylalanine, ammonialyase, and malondialdehvde activities were determined. During 0-96 h of inspection, phenylalanine and ammonialyase （PAL） activities increased by 64.2%, peroxidase （POD） activities increased by 41.2%, but the malondialdenvde （MDA） content decreased by 29.7% compared with the control. It seems that the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation itself can be used as an elicitor to enhance the induced resistance.展开更多
Objective: To assess the clinical efficiency of the transfusion of leucocyte filtrated RBC concentrates to prevent febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs). Methods: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosi...Objective: To assess the clinical efficiency of the transfusion of leucocyte filtrated RBC concentrates to prevent febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs). Methods: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosis, gastric ulcer or cancer were subjected to receive RBC concentrates after leucocyte filtration. Another 50 patients with similar diseases were selected to receive non-filtrated RBC concentrates. The incidence of FNHTRs in all patients was investigated. Results: There was no FNHTR in 100 transfusions with leucocyte filtrated RBC concentrates, while FNHTRs occurred in 8 of 50 patients with non-filtrated RBC concentrates, with the incidence of 16%. Conclusion: FNHTRs to RBC transfusion can be prevented with leucocyte filtration.展开更多
Drilling operations depend on precisely controlling drilling fluid filtration volume(FV),which affects formation integrity,costs,and borehole stability.Maintaining optimal FV is essential to prevent well control issue...Drilling operations depend on precisely controlling drilling fluid filtration volume(FV),which affects formation integrity,costs,and borehole stability.Maintaining optimal FV is essential to prevent well control issues,yet forecasting it is challenging due to process complexity and measurement limitations.This study adapts machine and deep learning(ML/DL)models to predict FV in almost real-time based on more easily measured fluid properties.Radial-basis-function neural network(RBFNN),generalized regression neural network(GRNN),multilayer perceptron(MLP),convolutional neural network(CNN),and Gaussian process regression(GPR)ML models are applied to 1186 records of density,viscosity,and solids content in water-based drilling fluids deployed in fourteen wellbores.CNN outperformed other models with the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.5381 mL and demonstrated resilience to overfitting and noisy data,unlike RBFNN and GRNN.The proposed method provides reliable near-real-time FV predictions,which could be beneficial in optimizing drilling operations by helping prevent potential drilling-fluid-related issues.Fast and accurate FV forecasting from routine fluid properties represents a crucial advancement for drilling operations,highlighting the need for future dataset expansion to encompass a wider range of conditions and fluid types.展开更多
BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization r...BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR).AIM To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.METHODS We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir.At admission,we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories:G1,G2,G3a,G3b,G4,and G5.We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 80.8 years(±4.5 years).GFR was 57.287±29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in women and 61.3±31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in men(P=0.106).Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage(32.8%).The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia(34.4%and 28.6%)and malnutrition(20.9%and 20.8%)in women and men,respectively(P=0.078).The most frequent comor-bidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension(n=168,28%),fo-llowed by diabetes(n=166,27.7%)(P=0.001).CONCLUSION When evaluating geriatric patients,low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information.Patients’comorbid factors should also be taken into account.There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-Hamarat H.Aging and GFR related diagnoses.Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligen...Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.展开更多
Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb rema...Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb remains the primary impediment to successful GFS outcomes.Perioperative utilization of antimitotics,while frontline in combating fibrosis and modulating the wound healing process,carries the risk of vision-threatening complications.Given the complexity of the wound healing cascade and the potential insufficiency of targeting a single molecule,there is an imperative to expand therapeutic modalities through combination therapies.This review offers a comprehensive elucidation of the fibrogenesis post-GFS,a synthesis unprecedented in the available literature,and aims to inform the broadening of therapeutic strategies for GFS.展开更多
In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by fer...In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.22-10μm pore-size filtration,Zetasizer analysis,and in situ flow through cell ATR-FTIR.The results showed that up to 20mg/L FA had almost no effect on the solubility of ferric hydroxide precipitates and adsorption of As(V)by the precipitates.When FA concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg/L,the adsorption of FA led to higher negative zeta potential of the precipitates and the strong electrostatic repulsion between the precipitates decreased the particle size of ferric hydroxide flocs fromlarger than 10μmto smaller than 1μm.In the presence of 5-20 mg/L FA,46%-63%As(V)was adsorbed onto the flocs with particle size in the range of 0.45-1μm.On the other hand,phosphate did not affect the size of ferric hydroxide flocs and significantly increased the dissolved As(V)concentration because it competed with As(V)for adsorption sites on ferric hydroxide precipitates.The addition of 5mg/L cationic organic flocculant significantly reduced the effect of FA on As(V)removal,but did not reduce the effect of phosphate on As(V)removal.The findings of this study will help develop effective arsenic treatment techniques and predict the mobility of arsenic in the environment.展开更多
The mass discarding face masks has caused severe environmental problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce waste and minimize environmental impact,we present a new face mask featuring selfcharging extend...The mass discarding face masks has caused severe environmental problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce waste and minimize environmental impact,we present a new face mask featuring selfcharging extended service time and fully biodegradable materials.To extend the effective service time,we need to supplement the lost electric charge of the electret layer of face masks,for which task we propose to use the piezoelectric effect and generate electricity from breathing motions.However,existing piezoelectric materials are either toxic,impermeable,rigid,costly,or non-degradable.We synthesize a fully biodegradable piezoelectric membrane composed of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and glycine(GLY)via the electrospinning process.Parameters are accurately controlled to ensure that glycine crystallizes into a highly piezoelectricβphase during electrospinning and enables piezoelectric responses of the filter membrane.Tested with the standard 0.3μm particles,face masks made of the PVA-GLY membrane show an outstanding filtration efficiency of 97%,which remains stable over at least 10 h of high-concentration continuous filtration.Furthermore,we demonstrated the biodegradability of PVA-GLY masks,which can degrade completely within a few weeks,compared to commonly used surgical masks requiring over thirty years to be decomposed.展开更多
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-03)supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52322401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101).
文摘As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.
文摘Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the relationship between NMF levels and aging, while few studies have investigated this relationship clinically. To fill this research gap, we determined the levels of major NMF components such as free amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, and urocanic acids, and individually verified their relationships with skin hydration, barrier function, age, and skin aging. Purpose: The objective of this study was to clinically investigate the relationship between NMF components levels and skin aging in facial skin. The main NMF components were obtained from facial skin and quantified. We then selected NMF components showing strong relationships to skin hydration, and analyzed the relationships of the levels of these selected NMF components with signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). We also examined the efficacy of treatment with a skin care formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, called SK-II FTE hereafter) including Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, PiteraTM) on the selected NMF component levels associated with skin hydration and barrier function, and the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Method: We conducted two clinical trials in this research. In Study 1, we measured 23 NMF components using tape-stripped cornified layer to quantify them via an HPLC method in 196 Asian females aged 20 to 59 (mean S.D., 38.6 9.4). Facial visual aging parameters [texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value)], as well as elasticity (R7), skin hydration, and TEWL, were quantified using facial skin imaging and skin physical property measurement devices. Study 2 was performed to evaluate whether the facial application of SK-II FTE affects the NMF levels and skin aging parameters in 63 Asian female volunteers aged 20 to 55 (38.4 9.03). During the course of Study 2, 0.6 mL of SK-II FTE was applied to the face twice daily in the morning and afternoon. Skin measurements were performed at the start of the day (baseline) and at week 8. Results: In Study 1, we examined the stratum corneum levels of 23 NMF components comparing to the skin hydration status in 196 female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups using the median of each measured NMF component. Skin hydration values were compared between the two groups defined for each NMF component. The results showed that subjects with higher levels of six amino acids, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine, exhibited significantly higher skin hydration than those with lower amino acid levels. No significant differences in skin hydration values were found for the other 17 NMF components. We then analyzed whether the sum of these six amino acid NMF components (called 6-AA-NMFs, hereafter) is affected by aging. The 6-AA-NMF level peaked in the subjects aged 25-29, and then gradually and significantly decreased with age. Interestingly, the 6-AA-NMF level was significantly correlated with the skin hydration value, but not with TEWL. In addition, the 6-AA-NMF level demonstrated significant correlations with the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Then, in Study 2, we examined whether the daily application of SK-II FTE affects the 6-AA-NMF level and visual aging parameters in 63 females. SK-II FTE demonstrated significant increases of the levels of 6-AA-NMFs and each of its components associated with hydration and barrier function, and improvements of skin texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value) during the 8 weeks of treatment of facial skin. Conclusion: These clinical studies with large numbers of subjects across a wide age range revealed that six amino acids as NMF components were highly correlated with facial skin hydration in the stratum corneum. The levels of these six NMF components were also found to decrease at ages after the 30 s and were significantly correlated with major signs of skin aging. Notably, these six NMF components (6-AA-NMFs) were increased by SK-II FTE treatment associated with improvements of skin hydration and signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). These studies were limited by the lack of investigation of why some NMF components were not associated with skin hydration. More clinical trials examining various NMF components and their relationship with aging are anticipated.
文摘Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (41174009)National Major Science &Technology Projects (2011ZX05020, 2011ZX05035,2011ZX05003, 2011ZX05007)
文摘In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.
文摘Saccharomycopsis ferment filtrate (SFF), mainly used in skin care products, has been reported to inhibit inflammatory nitric oxide production and prevent epidermal damage. However, the effects of SFF on epidermal keratinocytes have not yet been explored. We investigated the effects of SFF on skin barrier function using human primary epidermal keratinocytes. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, -3, -4, occludin, ZO-1) were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of SFF on the barrier formation of epidermal keratinocytes was measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Rescue of cell death from H2O2 treatment was evaluated by annexin V staining. SFF, at concentrations that did not cause significant change of cell viability, induced dose-dependent cell-cell adhesion and formation of an organized monolayer structure. Pretreatment of keratinocytes with EGTA, a Ca2+ chelator, did not inhibit the cell-cell adhesion of keratinocytes by SFF, indicating a Ca2+-independent mechanism. The mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1 in keratinocytes were up-regulated by SFF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expressions of other tight junctions (TJs) including claudin-3 & 4, occludin and ZO-1 were also similarly increased in SFF-treated epidermal keratinocytes. The promoting effect of SFF on the barrier function of epidermal keratinocytes was further confirmed by the increased TER value in SFF-treated epidermal keratinocytes. Annexin V staining confirmed that SFF markedly decreased the number of dead cells resulted from H2O2 injury. Taken together, our results provided the first evidence that SFF enhanced keratinocytes barrier function by increasing the expression of TJs and TER.
文摘Potato is a plant that can be influenced by early blight disease. Early blight is one of the most destructive plant diseases, especially in the members of solanaceae family. This disease can reduce yield. Experiment design was a factorial randomized complete design to evaluate the isolate pathogenic Alternaria solani in National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, during 2008-2009. This experiment was conducted with three replications, and the factors include test methods and three lines 9506, 10908-05 and 10908-18 with genotypes of Agria, Casmos and Desiree (susceptible) and Delta (resistant control). Analysis of variance table was based on the area under the disease progress curve, indicating the effects of the experimental methods;genotype and their interactions are significant at the 1% level. In greenhouse evaluation, the symptoms appeared on, the first day. In this method the area under the curve progression was noted in 10 times, but in vitro method, the symptoms of this evaluation appeared on the first or second day. The Evaluation was carried out after inoculation, and was noted 6 times. The results indicate that genotypes and lines are located in four different groups. In this case, line 9506 and Cosmos were quite sensitive to the surface, and Desiree, is located in a sensitive area. Line 10908-18 and Agria, located approximately at the level of resistance, and line 10908-05 and Delta, have been resistant surface.
文摘Fungal strains isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms were evaluated for fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of the rice blast disease. Fungal isolates (n = 105) were obtained from 46 samples of wild mushrooms. Infection behaviors of M. oryzae were assessed in the presence of culture filtrates from 90 fungal isolates, of which 20 inhibited spore germination. Heat-treated culture filtrates of these isolates were classified into 3 groups according to biological activity. Blast lesion formation by M. oryzae was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with culture filtrates from 4 fungal isolates. ITS region sequence analysis indicated that these?isolates shared similarities with species of the genera Annulohypoxylon, Nigrospora, and Penicillium. Studies of symbiotic and parasitic fungi from wild mushrooms may yield potential control agents for plant diseases such as the rice blast disease.
基金This work was supported by Vinnova and the Knowledge Foundation in Sweden.
文摘Bleaching with oxygen-containing agents and recirculation of process streams in the pulp and paper industry has increased the accumulation of oxalic acid and danger for precipitation of calcium oxalate encrusts, scaling. Analysis and control of oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates is therefore becoming increasingly important in the pulp and paper industry. Chromatographic methods, such as IC and HPLC, are generally more time-consuming but are valuable as standard methods for determination of oxalic acid. However, the instrumentation needed is expensive and stationary. In this study, an enzymatic method based on oxalate oxidase and peroxidase was developed to determine oxalic acid in authentic bleaching filtrates using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that bleaching filtrates contain some compounds interfering with the enzymatic method. Pretreatment of the samples with activated charcoal was a successful approach for decreasing problems with interference. By using dilution followed by charcoal treatment, the results obtained from five bleaching filtrates with the colorimetric method correlated very well with those obtained using IC. This study offers a selective, fast and mobile analysis method to determine oxalic acid in bleaching fiRrates from the pulp and paper industry, The convenient enzyme-based method improves the possibilities for control of critical oxalic acid concentrations in closed-loop bleaching streams.
文摘To study the effect of Green plum citron double strain fermentation filtrate(DSF)on the proliferation rate of HaCaT keratinocytes by CCK8 assay.The effect of DSF on the mRNA transcription levels of filagolin(FLG),loricrin(LOR),and occludin 1(CLD1)in HaCaT cells in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SLS)model was investigated by qPCR.The effect of DSF on the content of TNF-αin the supernatant of HaCaT cells in the model was investigated by Elisa.The results showed that DSF had no toxicity to HaCaT cells,but it could increase the mRNA transcription levels of FLG,LOR and CLD1 in HaCaT cells in the model,and reduce the content of TNF-αin the supernatant of HaCaT cells in the model.DSF had a certain effect on skin care of strengthening skin barrier.
文摘Spore germination and appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae spores was completely suppressed by an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate from the H921 isolate (H921-EAE-CF). Production of antifungal substance(s) in the H921-EAE-CF began to increase up to 3 days after isolate H921 incubation. Furthermore, heat treatment (105°C or 121°C) of H921-EAE-CF did not alter its inhibitory effect on M. oryzae spore germination compared to non-heat-treated H921-EAE-CF. Blast lesion formation inhibition by H921-EAE-CF was dose-dependent. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence analysis indicated that this isolate shared similarities with species of the genera Trichoderma. This study suggests that H921-EAE-CF contains some antifungal substances that could be promising candidates for control of rice blast disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41072109).
文摘In the experiment,the filtrate loss of synthetic fluid loss control fluid was recorded in room temperature and high temperature in the composite brine base and sodium chloride brine base slurry,and compared with the filtrate loss before base polymer addition.In this way,the effect of filtration loss and salt resistance and temperature resistance of synthetic polymers were evaluated.The influence of the synthesized polymer on the rheological properties of the composite brine was also evaluated by determining the viscosity of the drilling fluid added to the base slurry and polymer.In the end,the structure of the synthetic polymers was characterized through the infrared spectrum,which initially analyzed through the mechanism of its function in reducing the filter loss.Finally,the products produced according to the recipe are given to the site and added to the two wells to record the drilling fluid performance data.
文摘Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.
文摘Resistance to maize southern leaf spot disease was induced by the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation in an experiment. The nuclear neterogeny corn C103 was used as the test material. The lesion area on the leaves was significant difference by connalysis. The lesion areas on pretreated leaves were （0.3±0.05）- （0.9±0.5） mm^2, but those on the control were （23.1±8.7） mm^2. At the same time, the changes in peroxidase, phenylalanine, ammonialyase, and malondialdehvde activities were determined. During 0-96 h of inspection, phenylalanine and ammonialyase （PAL） activities increased by 64.2%, peroxidase （POD） activities increased by 41.2%, but the malondialdenvde （MDA） content decreased by 29.7% compared with the control. It seems that the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation itself can be used as an elicitor to enhance the induced resistance.
文摘Objective: To assess the clinical efficiency of the transfusion of leucocyte filtrated RBC concentrates to prevent febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs). Methods: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosis, gastric ulcer or cancer were subjected to receive RBC concentrates after leucocyte filtration. Another 50 patients with similar diseases were selected to receive non-filtrated RBC concentrates. The incidence of FNHTRs in all patients was investigated. Results: There was no FNHTR in 100 transfusions with leucocyte filtrated RBC concentrates, while FNHTRs occurred in 8 of 50 patients with non-filtrated RBC concentrates, with the incidence of 16%. Conclusion: FNHTRs to RBC transfusion can be prevented with leucocyte filtration.
文摘Drilling operations depend on precisely controlling drilling fluid filtration volume(FV),which affects formation integrity,costs,and borehole stability.Maintaining optimal FV is essential to prevent well control issues,yet forecasting it is challenging due to process complexity and measurement limitations.This study adapts machine and deep learning(ML/DL)models to predict FV in almost real-time based on more easily measured fluid properties.Radial-basis-function neural network(RBFNN),generalized regression neural network(GRNN),multilayer perceptron(MLP),convolutional neural network(CNN),and Gaussian process regression(GPR)ML models are applied to 1186 records of density,viscosity,and solids content in water-based drilling fluids deployed in fourteen wellbores.CNN outperformed other models with the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.5381 mL and demonstrated resilience to overfitting and noisy data,unlike RBFNN and GRNN.The proposed method provides reliable near-real-time FV predictions,which could be beneficial in optimizing drilling operations by helping prevent potential drilling-fluid-related issues.Fast and accurate FV forecasting from routine fluid properties represents a crucial advancement for drilling operations,highlighting the need for future dataset expansion to encompass a wider range of conditions and fluid types.
文摘BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR).AIM To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.METHODS We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir.At admission,we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories:G1,G2,G3a,G3b,G4,and G5.We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 80.8 years(±4.5 years).GFR was 57.287±29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in women and 61.3±31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in men(P=0.106).Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage(32.8%).The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia(34.4%and 28.6%)and malnutrition(20.9%and 20.8%)in women and men,respectively(P=0.078).The most frequent comor-bidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension(n=168,28%),fo-llowed by diabetes(n=166,27.7%)(P=0.001).CONCLUSION When evaluating geriatric patients,low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information.Patients’comorbid factors should also be taken into account.There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-Hamarat H.Aging and GFR related diagnoses.Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.
文摘Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.
基金Supported by Hospital Level Project of the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.GSP5-40)Internal Project of the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.1011632).
文摘Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb remains the primary impediment to successful GFS outcomes.Perioperative utilization of antimitotics,while frontline in combating fibrosis and modulating the wound healing process,carries the risk of vision-threatening complications.Given the complexity of the wound healing cascade and the potential insufficiency of targeting a single molecule,there is an imperative to expand therapeutic modalities through combination therapies.This review offers a comprehensive elucidation of the fibrogenesis post-GFS,a synthesis unprecedented in the available literature,and aims to inform the broadening of therapeutic strategies for GFS.
基金financially supported by the New Jersey Department of Environmental ProtectionUS EPA。
文摘In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.22-10μm pore-size filtration,Zetasizer analysis,and in situ flow through cell ATR-FTIR.The results showed that up to 20mg/L FA had almost no effect on the solubility of ferric hydroxide precipitates and adsorption of As(V)by the precipitates.When FA concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg/L,the adsorption of FA led to higher negative zeta potential of the precipitates and the strong electrostatic repulsion between the precipitates decreased the particle size of ferric hydroxide flocs fromlarger than 10μmto smaller than 1μm.In the presence of 5-20 mg/L FA,46%-63%As(V)was adsorbed onto the flocs with particle size in the range of 0.45-1μm.On the other hand,phosphate did not affect the size of ferric hydroxide flocs and significantly increased the dissolved As(V)concentration because it competed with As(V)for adsorption sites on ferric hydroxide precipitates.The addition of 5mg/L cationic organic flocculant significantly reduced the effect of FA on As(V)removal,but did not reduce the effect of phosphate on As(V)removal.The findings of this study will help develop effective arsenic treatment techniques and predict the mobility of arsenic in the environment.
基金supported by General Research Grants (GRF Project No. 11212021 and No. 11210822) from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionthe Innovation and Technology Fund (Project No. ITS/065/20GHP/096/19SZ) from Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
文摘The mass discarding face masks has caused severe environmental problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce waste and minimize environmental impact,we present a new face mask featuring selfcharging extended service time and fully biodegradable materials.To extend the effective service time,we need to supplement the lost electric charge of the electret layer of face masks,for which task we propose to use the piezoelectric effect and generate electricity from breathing motions.However,existing piezoelectric materials are either toxic,impermeable,rigid,costly,or non-degradable.We synthesize a fully biodegradable piezoelectric membrane composed of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and glycine(GLY)via the electrospinning process.Parameters are accurately controlled to ensure that glycine crystallizes into a highly piezoelectricβphase during electrospinning and enables piezoelectric responses of the filter membrane.Tested with the standard 0.3μm particles,face masks made of the PVA-GLY membrane show an outstanding filtration efficiency of 97%,which remains stable over at least 10 h of high-concentration continuous filtration.Furthermore,we demonstrated the biodegradability of PVA-GLY masks,which can degrade completely within a few weeks,compared to commonly used surgical masks requiring over thirty years to be decomposed.
