Le feu est un élément important dans la mythologie rabelaisienne; il éblouit parla richesse de ses éclats, Nourri des sources bibliques, mythologiques, populaires, audacieux comme Prométhé...Le feu est un élément important dans la mythologie rabelaisienne; il éblouit parla richesse de ses éclats, Nourri des sources bibliques, mythologiques, populaires, audacieux comme Prométhée, habile et ingénieux comme Hermés, Rabelais a rassemmblé dans son oeuvre tous les Dieux du feu: Zeus, Jupiter, Apollon, Mars, Phébus, Vesta, Vulcain, Lucifer…; tousles les "fils" du feu: lumiére, flamme, braise,展开更多
目的 探讨尿液指标对心脏手术后患者并发急性肾损伤（AKI）的早期诊断价值。方法 根据前瞻性研究设计记录心脏手术后患者的一般情况，并分别在术前和术后1、6、24 h检测尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL），计算出尿钠排泄分数...目的 探讨尿液指标对心脏手术后患者并发急性肾损伤（AKI）的早期诊断价值。方法 根据前瞻性研究设计记录心脏手术后患者的一般情况，并分别在术前和术后1、6、24 h检测尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL），计算出尿钠排泄分数（FENa）、尿素排泄分数（FEU）。根据患者病情演变，分为AKI组和非AKI组，将观察指标的变化进行分析。 结果 共纳入76例心脏手术后患者，21例发生AKI，发生率27.6%。AKI组患者年龄、男性比例、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、主动脉阻断时间、ICU住院时间均高于非AKI组，AKI组患者术后6 h尿量少于非AKI组（P〈0.05）。AKI组尿NGAL水平在术后24 h显著高于非AKI组；AKI组在术后1、6、24 h FENa均高于非AKI组；AKI组在术后6 h FEU低于非AKI组（P〈0.05）。术后24 h尿NGAL的ROC曲线下面积为1.000，诊断点为36.9 ng/mL，敏感度和特异度均为1.000；术后1 h FENa指标的ROC曲线下面积为0.897，最佳诊断值为1.8，敏感度为 0.851，特异度为0.782；术后6 h FEU的ROC曲线下面积为0.997，最佳诊断值为26.5，敏感度为 0.952，特异度为1.000。结论 术后6 h FEU和24 h 尿NGAL超出诊断值对心脏手术后并发AKI具有早期评估价值，6 h FEU可作为AKI早期诊断指标。展开更多
To explore the distribution of food demand and the projected trend in future food demand in China, this paper analyzed the change in current(1998–2012) percapita demand for grain, grain-consuming and herbivorous live...To explore the distribution of food demand and the projected trend in future food demand in China, this paper analyzed the change in current(1998–2012) percapita demand for grain, grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products, and predicted the food demand in 2020 The results indicated that in 1998–2012, the national percapita consumption of grain ration declined by about36.66%, and the per-capita consumption of grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products increased by about 48% and 34.09%, respectively. The grain-consuming livestock products have become the primary source of both calories and protein for consumers. The proportion of herbivorous livestock products in consumer diets has increased steadily and there has been huge potential in substituting beef and mutton for pork in this dynamic market. The demand for food in different regions of China is highly variable, which is important for planning grassland agriculture development and ensuring food safety. The demand for grain, and grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products will increase by about3.3%, 20% and 14% respectively by 2020. Based on the food demand and trend in the development of grassland agriculture, the 31 regions in China are divided into three priority groups for grassland agriculture development.展开更多
文摘Le feu est un élément important dans la mythologie rabelaisienne; il éblouit parla richesse de ses éclats, Nourri des sources bibliques, mythologiques, populaires, audacieux comme Prométhée, habile et ingénieux comme Hermés, Rabelais a rassemmblé dans son oeuvre tous les Dieux du feu: Zeus, Jupiter, Apollon, Mars, Phébus, Vesta, Vulcain, Lucifer…; tousles les "fils" du feu: lumiére, flamme, braise,
文摘目的 探讨尿液指标对心脏手术后患者并发急性肾损伤（AKI）的早期诊断价值。方法 根据前瞻性研究设计记录心脏手术后患者的一般情况，并分别在术前和术后1、6、24 h检测尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL），计算出尿钠排泄分数（FENa）、尿素排泄分数（FEU）。根据患者病情演变，分为AKI组和非AKI组，将观察指标的变化进行分析。 结果 共纳入76例心脏手术后患者，21例发生AKI，发生率27.6%。AKI组患者年龄、男性比例、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、主动脉阻断时间、ICU住院时间均高于非AKI组，AKI组患者术后6 h尿量少于非AKI组（P〈0.05）。AKI组尿NGAL水平在术后24 h显著高于非AKI组；AKI组在术后1、6、24 h FENa均高于非AKI组；AKI组在术后6 h FEU低于非AKI组（P〈0.05）。术后24 h尿NGAL的ROC曲线下面积为1.000，诊断点为36.9 ng/mL，敏感度和特异度均为1.000；术后1 h FENa指标的ROC曲线下面积为0.897，最佳诊断值为1.8，敏感度为 0.851，特异度为0.782；术后6 h FEU的ROC曲线下面积为0.997，最佳诊断值为26.5，敏感度为 0.952，特异度为1.000。结论 术后6 h FEU和24 h 尿NGAL超出诊断值对心脏手术后并发AKI具有早期评估价值，6 h FEU可作为AKI早期诊断指标。
基金supported by the key project "Study of the Dynamic Market Equilibrium in Substituting Beef and Mutton for Pork" by the State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems (SKLGAE201502)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT13019)
文摘To explore the distribution of food demand and the projected trend in future food demand in China, this paper analyzed the change in current(1998–2012) percapita demand for grain, grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products, and predicted the food demand in 2020 The results indicated that in 1998–2012, the national percapita consumption of grain ration declined by about36.66%, and the per-capita consumption of grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products increased by about 48% and 34.09%, respectively. The grain-consuming livestock products have become the primary source of both calories and protein for consumers. The proportion of herbivorous livestock products in consumer diets has increased steadily and there has been huge potential in substituting beef and mutton for pork in this dynamic market. The demand for food in different regions of China is highly variable, which is important for planning grassland agriculture development and ensuring food safety. The demand for grain, and grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products will increase by about3.3%, 20% and 14% respectively by 2020. Based on the food demand and trend in the development of grassland agriculture, the 31 regions in China are divided into three priority groups for grassland agriculture development.
