The earthquake in northeastern Japan that occurred on March 11, 2011 brought about the nuclear accident, resulting in the detection of radioactive cesium in soil and water over a wide region around Fukusihma. In this ...The earthquake in northeastern Japan that occurred on March 11, 2011 brought about the nuclear accident, resulting in the detection of radioactive cesium in soil and water over a wide region around Fukusihma. In this study, with the aim of the establishment of an effective method for removing cesium from water contaminated with cesium, the functionalized membrane with large cesium adsorption capacity per unit mass was prepared by combining nanofibers having a large specific surface area with iron ferrocyanide having a high selectivity for cesium adsorption. The nanofiber membrane made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as a base material of the functionalized membrane. Nanofiber membranes were immersed in the dispersions of iron ferrocyanide with various concentrations and pH values. After taking it out, it was dried at various temperatures and then non-immobilized iron ferrocyanide was completely removed through cleaning. As a result of the evaluation of completed affinity membranes, the amount of iron ferrocyanide immobilized by the nanofiber membrane increased significantly with the increase in the iron ferrocyanide concentration but subsequently showed a tendency to decrease rapidly, resulting in a distinct maximum at the iron ferrocyanide concentration of 3 wt%. And, the supported amount of iron ferrocyanide to the nanofiber membrane increased as pH became lower. Moreover, it was found that as high temperature as possible without exceeding the glass transition temperature of PAN was optimal as a drying temperature of prepared affinity membrane.展开更多
In Fukushima NPP-1, large amounts of HALW （high-activity-level water） accumulated in the reactor, turbine building and the trench in the facility is treated by circulating injection cooling system. The development o...In Fukushima NPP-1, large amounts of HALW （high-activity-level water） accumulated in the reactor, turbine building and the trench in the facility is treated by circulating injection cooling system. The development of highly functional adsorbents and stable solidification method contributes to the advancement of the decontamination system and environmental remediation. The present study deals with： （1） preparation of insoluble ferrocyanide loaded zeolites; （2） selective uptake of Cs~ in seawater; and （3） estimation of Cs immobilization ratio and stable solidification. Various kinds of Cs-selective composites loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides （CoFC, NiFC） into the zeolites （zeolite A （A51, A-51J）, zeolite X （LSX）, chabazite （modified chabazite） and natural mordenite （SA-5）） matrices have been prepared to use successive impregnation/precipitation methods by Tohoku University. As for Cs~ adsorption, these composites had relatively large uptake （%） over 95%, distribution coefficients （Kd） above 103 cm3/g and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The immobilization ratio （%） of Cs for the CoFC saturated with Cs＋was estimated at different calcination temperatures up to 1,200 ℃ in advance. The immobilization ratio was less than 0.1% above 1,000℃, indicating that the adsorbed Cs~ ions are completely volatilized and insoluble ferrocyanides had no immobilization ability for Cs. In contrast, the insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded zeolites had excellent Cs immobilization ability; in the case of insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded natural zeolites （NiFC-SA-5, CoFC-modified chabazite）, the immobilization ratio was above 99% and 96% even after calcination at 1,000 ℃ and 1,100 ℃, respectively, indicating that nearly all Cs ions are immobilized in the sintered solid form. On the other hand, the immobilization ratio for the insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded A and X zeolites （NiFC-A （A51, A51J）, NiFC-X） tended to decrease with calcining temperature; for example, the immobilization ratio for NiFC-X at 1,000 ℃and 1,100 ℃ was estimated to be 74.9% and 55.4%, respectively, and many spots concentrating Cs were observed on the surface. The difference in immobilization behavior between natural zeolites and synthetic ones is probably due to the phase transformation and surface morphology at higher temperature above 1,000 ℃. The stable solidification of insoluble ferrocyanides was thus accomplished by using the excellent Cs immobilization abilities of zeolite matrices （Cs trapping and self-sintering abilities）.展开更多
In pH 1.0 acidic medium, double-charged triaminotriphenylmethane dyes such as methyl green （MEG） and iodine green （IG） react with potassium ferrocyanide to form 2 ： 1 ion-association complexes by virtue of electr...In pH 1.0 acidic medium, double-charged triaminotriphenylmethane dyes such as methyl green （MEG） and iodine green （IG） react with potassium ferrocyanide to form 2 ： 1 ion-association complexes by virtue of electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interaction. It results in the change of absorption and the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering （RRS） and the appearance of new RRS spectra. Two systems have similar spectral characteristics and their maximum RRS wavelengths are all located at 276 nm and smaller peaks are located at 332 and 457 nm, respectively. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the concentration of [Fe（CN）6]^4- in the range of 0.03-5.7 μg·mL^-1 （MeG system） or 0.04-5.9 μg·mL^-1 （IG system）. The RRS method has high sensitivity and the detection limit （3σ） for potassium ferrocyanide is 9.3 ng·mL^-1 （MeG system） or 11.2 ng·mL^-1 （IG system）. The optimum conditions, influencing factors and effects of foreign substances are investigated. The method also has a good selectivity. A sensitive, rapid and simple RRS method for the determination of potassium ferrocyanide in salinized food and table salt has been developed.展开更多
Development of highly functional cesium selective adsorbents for the decontamination of high-activity-level water(HALW) from the Fukushima NPP-1 accident is very urgent. In order to selectively adsorb the radioactive ...Development of highly functional cesium selective adsorbents for the decontamination of high-activity-level water(HALW) from the Fukushima NPP-1 accident is very urgent. In order to selectively adsorb the radioactive cesium, three kinds of novel porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides(SLFC) were prepared using a successive impregnation/precipitation method. Based on the results of previous research, the SLFC composites have relatively large uptake ratio above 95%, distribution coefficients(Kd) above 103 cm3/g, and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The solidification results also indicate that zeolites have an excellent Cs immobilization characteristic, gas-trapping and self-sintering abilities, and low leachability. We chose three kinds of SLFC composites to achieve the optimization of solidification by mixing with nine kinds of additives at high temperatures(up to 1200 °C). The Cs contents in the three composites were estimated to be below 30% of the initial contents and decreased with the three stages at calcination temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C. By contrast, the Cs immobilization ratio was markedly lowered by mixing with additives: of those, allophane had the best immobilization result. By increasing the additive ratio to 50 wt%, the Cs immobilization ratio became almost 100% and no volatilization of Cs was detected even after calcination at 1200 °C. This result indicates that calcination of the mixture of SLFC composites after adsorbing Cs+ ions and specific additives under appropriate ratio is effective for stable solidification.展开更多
1 Results The general principle of the synthesis of fibrous inorganic ion-exchanging composites, containing the combination of polymer analogous conversion reactions of the fibres and cycles of ion-molecular layering ...1 Results The general principle of the synthesis of fibrous inorganic ion-exchanging composites, containing the combination of polymer analogous conversion reactions of the fibres and cycles of ion-molecular layering is advanced. Synthesis of thin nanomolecular layers of the acid Ti(Ⅳ) and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates on surface of the cotton fibres and Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) ferrocyanides-on polyacrylonitrile fibres was performed on the basis of this principle. By the method of X-ray analysis it was stated that the forme...展开更多
Prussian blue and its analogs are extensively investigated as a cathode for ammonium-ion batteries.However,they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity.Here,we report a Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanot...Prussian blue and its analogs are extensively investigated as a cathode for ammonium-ion batteries.However,they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity.Here,we report a Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite electrode material,which is prepared using a simple coprecipitation approach.The obtained material consists of nanoparticles with sizes 30-50 nm and the multiwalled carbon nanotube embedded in it.The existence of multiwalled carbon nanotube ensures that the Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite shows excellent electrochemical performance,achieving a discharge capacity of 55.1 mAh·g^(-1)at 1 C and 43.2 mAh·g^(-1)even at 15 C.An increase in the ammoniumion diffusion coefficient and ionic/electron conductivity based on kinetic investigations accounts for their high performance.Furthermore,detailed ex situ characterizations demonstrate that Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite offers three advantages:negligible lattice expansion during cycling,stable structure,and the reversible redox couple.Therefore,the Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite presents a long cycling life and high rate capacity.Finally,our study reports a desirable material for ammonium-ion batteries and provides a practical approach for improving the electrochemical performance of Prussian blue and its analogs.展开更多
In this study,a copper ferrocyanide/silica/polyvinylidene fluoride(CuFC/SiO2/PVDF)hollow-fiber composite membrane was successfully synthesized through a facile and effective crosslinking strategy.The PVDF hollow-fiber...In this study,a copper ferrocyanide/silica/polyvinylidene fluoride(CuFC/SiO2/PVDF)hollow-fiber composite membrane was successfully synthesized through a facile and effective crosslinking strategy.The PVDF hollow-fiber membrane with embedded SiO2 was used to fix the dispersion of CuFC nanoparticles for cesium(Cs)removal.The surface morphology and chemical composition of the composite membrane were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The composite membrane showed a high Cs rejection rate and membrane flux at the three layers of CuFC and 0.5%SiO2,and its Cs rejection rate was not affected by variation in the pH(pH=4–10).The modified membrane could be effectively regenerated many times using ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3).The Cs selectivity performance was verified by an efficient Cs rejection rate(76.25%and 88.67%in 8 h)in a solution of 100 lg L 1 of Cs with 1 mmol L 1 of competing cations(K+and Na+).The CuFC/SiO2/PVDF hollowfiber composite membrane showed a particularly superior removal performance(greater than 90%)in natural surface water and simulated water with a low Cs concentration.Therefore,the CuFC/SiO2/PVDF hollow-fiber composite membrane can be used directly in engineering applications for the remediation of radioactive Cs-contaminated water.展开更多
In this work,sodium dicyanamide(SD)was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery,and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated.A gold recovery of 34.8%was obtai...In this work,sodium dicyanamide(SD)was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery,and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated.A gold recovery of 34.8%was obtained when SD was used as the sole leaching reagent at a dosage of 15 kg/t.In the presence of a certain amount of potassium ferrocyanide(PF)in the SD solution,the gold recovery was found to increase from 34.8%to 57.08%.Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D)technique,the leaching kinetics of SD with and without PF were studied.The QCM-D results indicate that the gold-leaching rate increased from 4.03 to 39.99 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when the SD concentration was increased from 0 to 0.17 mol/L,and increased from 39.99 to 272.62 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when 0.1 mol/L of PF was used in combination with SD.The pregnant solution in the leaching tests was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry,which indicated that Au and(N(CN)2)–in the SD solution formed a series of metal complex ions,[AuNax(N(CN)2)x+2]–(x=1,2,3,or 4).展开更多
Radioisotope leaking from nuclear waste has become an intractable problem due to its gamma radiation and strong water solubility.In this work,a novel porous ZnFC-PA/PSF composite sphere was fabricated by immobilizatio...Radioisotope leaking from nuclear waste has become an intractable problem due to its gamma radiation and strong water solubility.In this work,a novel porous ZnFC-PA/PSF composite sphere was fabricated by immobilization of ferrocyanides modified zinc phytate into polysulfone(PSF)substrate for the treatment of Cs-contaminated water.The maximum adsorption capacity of ZnFC-PA/PSF was 305.38 mg/g,and the removal efficiency of Cs+was reached 94.27%within 2 hr.The ZnFC-PA/PSF presented favorable stability with negligible dissolution loss of Zn^(2+)and Fe^(2+)(<2%).The ZnFC-PA/PSF achieved high-selectivity towards Cs+(K_(d)=2.24×10^(4)mL/g)even in actual geothermal water.The adsorption mechanism was inferred to be the ion-exchange between Cs^(+)and K^(+).What’s more,ZnFC-PA/PSF worked well in the fixed-bed adsorption(E=91.92%),indicating the application potential for the hazardous Cs^(+)removal from wastewater.展开更多
AIM: To characterise differences between three widely used colorectal cancer cell lines using ultrastructural selective staining for glycogen to determine variation in metastatic properties. METHODS: Transmission elec...AIM: To characterise differences between three widely used colorectal cancer cell lines using ultrastructural selective staining for glycogen to determine variation in metastatic properties. METHODS: Transmission electron microscopy was used in this investigation to help identify intracellular structures and morphological features which are precursors of tumor invasion. In addition to morphological markers, we used selective staining of glycogen as a marker for neoplastic cellular proliferation and determined whether levels of glycogen change between the three different cell lines. RESULTS: Ultrastructural analysis revealed morphological differences between the cell lines, as well as differentiation into two sub-populations within each cell line. Caco-2 cells contained large glycogen deposits as well as showing the most obvious morphological changes between the two sub-populations. SW480 cells also contained large glycogen stores as well as deep cellular protrusions when grown on porous filter membranes. HT-29 cells had trace amounts of glycogen stores with few cellular projections into the filter pores and no tight junction formation.CONCLUSION: Morphology indicative of metastatic properties coincided with larger glycogen deposits, providing strong evidence for the use of selective staining to determine the neoplastic properties of cells.展开更多
Simultaneous impedance analysis of three one-face sealed resonating piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQCs) in parallel is proposed through admittance measurements of the three PQCs on one impedance analyzer and then non...Simultaneous impedance analysis of three one-face sealed resonating piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQCs) in parallel is proposed through admittance measurements of the three PQCs on one impedance analyzer and then non-linear fitting according to the parallel combination of three Butterworth-Van Dyke circuits. Responses of each PQC obtained from the three-PQC mode agreed well with those measured separately in series sucrose aqueous solutions. This novel method has been used for the study of depletion-layer effect during ferri-/ferrocyanide electrochemical reactions.展开更多
文摘The earthquake in northeastern Japan that occurred on March 11, 2011 brought about the nuclear accident, resulting in the detection of radioactive cesium in soil and water over a wide region around Fukusihma. In this study, with the aim of the establishment of an effective method for removing cesium from water contaminated with cesium, the functionalized membrane with large cesium adsorption capacity per unit mass was prepared by combining nanofibers having a large specific surface area with iron ferrocyanide having a high selectivity for cesium adsorption. The nanofiber membrane made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as a base material of the functionalized membrane. Nanofiber membranes were immersed in the dispersions of iron ferrocyanide with various concentrations and pH values. After taking it out, it was dried at various temperatures and then non-immobilized iron ferrocyanide was completely removed through cleaning. As a result of the evaluation of completed affinity membranes, the amount of iron ferrocyanide immobilized by the nanofiber membrane increased significantly with the increase in the iron ferrocyanide concentration but subsequently showed a tendency to decrease rapidly, resulting in a distinct maximum at the iron ferrocyanide concentration of 3 wt%. And, the supported amount of iron ferrocyanide to the nanofiber membrane increased as pH became lower. Moreover, it was found that as high temperature as possible without exceeding the glass transition temperature of PAN was optimal as a drying temperature of prepared affinity membrane.
文摘In Fukushima NPP-1, large amounts of HALW （high-activity-level water） accumulated in the reactor, turbine building and the trench in the facility is treated by circulating injection cooling system. The development of highly functional adsorbents and stable solidification method contributes to the advancement of the decontamination system and environmental remediation. The present study deals with： （1） preparation of insoluble ferrocyanide loaded zeolites; （2） selective uptake of Cs~ in seawater; and （3） estimation of Cs immobilization ratio and stable solidification. Various kinds of Cs-selective composites loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides （CoFC, NiFC） into the zeolites （zeolite A （A51, A-51J）, zeolite X （LSX）, chabazite （modified chabazite） and natural mordenite （SA-5）） matrices have been prepared to use successive impregnation/precipitation methods by Tohoku University. As for Cs~ adsorption, these composites had relatively large uptake （%） over 95%, distribution coefficients （Kd） above 103 cm3/g and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The immobilization ratio （%） of Cs for the CoFC saturated with Cs＋was estimated at different calcination temperatures up to 1,200 ℃ in advance. The immobilization ratio was less than 0.1% above 1,000℃, indicating that the adsorbed Cs~ ions are completely volatilized and insoluble ferrocyanides had no immobilization ability for Cs. In contrast, the insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded zeolites had excellent Cs immobilization ability; in the case of insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded natural zeolites （NiFC-SA-5, CoFC-modified chabazite）, the immobilization ratio was above 99% and 96% even after calcination at 1,000 ℃ and 1,100 ℃, respectively, indicating that nearly all Cs ions are immobilized in the sintered solid form. On the other hand, the immobilization ratio for the insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded A and X zeolites （NiFC-A （A51, A51J）, NiFC-X） tended to decrease with calcining temperature; for example, the immobilization ratio for NiFC-X at 1,000 ℃and 1,100 ℃ was estimated to be 74.9% and 55.4%, respectively, and many spots concentrating Cs were observed on the surface. The difference in immobilization behavior between natural zeolites and synthetic ones is probably due to the phase transformation and surface morphology at higher temperature above 1,000 ℃. The stable solidification of insoluble ferrocyanides was thus accomplished by using the excellent Cs immobilization abilities of zeolite matrices （Cs trapping and self-sintering abilities）.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20475045） and Scientific Research Foundation of Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of China （No. 2005J0095）.
文摘In pH 1.0 acidic medium, double-charged triaminotriphenylmethane dyes such as methyl green （MEG） and iodine green （IG） react with potassium ferrocyanide to form 2 ： 1 ion-association complexes by virtue of electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interaction. It results in the change of absorption and the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering （RRS） and the appearance of new RRS spectra. Two systems have similar spectral characteristics and their maximum RRS wavelengths are all located at 276 nm and smaller peaks are located at 332 and 457 nm, respectively. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the concentration of [Fe（CN）6]^4- in the range of 0.03-5.7 μg·mL^-1 （MeG system） or 0.04-5.9 μg·mL^-1 （IG system）. The RRS method has high sensitivity and the detection limit （3σ） for potassium ferrocyanide is 9.3 ng·mL^-1 （MeG system） or 11.2 ng·mL^-1 （IG system）. The optimum conditions, influencing factors and effects of foreign substances are investigated. The method also has a good selectivity. A sensitive, rapid and simple RRS method for the determination of potassium ferrocyanide in salinized food and table salt has been developed.
基金supported by JST Strategic Japanese-Chinese Research Cooperative Program 2013
文摘Development of highly functional cesium selective adsorbents for the decontamination of high-activity-level water(HALW) from the Fukushima NPP-1 accident is very urgent. In order to selectively adsorb the radioactive cesium, three kinds of novel porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides(SLFC) were prepared using a successive impregnation/precipitation method. Based on the results of previous research, the SLFC composites have relatively large uptake ratio above 95%, distribution coefficients(Kd) above 103 cm3/g, and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The solidification results also indicate that zeolites have an excellent Cs immobilization characteristic, gas-trapping and self-sintering abilities, and low leachability. We chose three kinds of SLFC composites to achieve the optimization of solidification by mixing with nine kinds of additives at high temperatures(up to 1200 °C). The Cs contents in the three composites were estimated to be below 30% of the initial contents and decreased with the three stages at calcination temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C. By contrast, the Cs immobilization ratio was markedly lowered by mixing with additives: of those, allophane had the best immobilization result. By increasing the additive ratio to 50 wt%, the Cs immobilization ratio became almost 100% and no volatilization of Cs was detected even after calcination at 1200 °C. This result indicates that calcination of the mixture of SLFC composites after adsorbing Cs+ ions and specific additives under appropriate ratio is effective for stable solidification.
文摘1 Results The general principle of the synthesis of fibrous inorganic ion-exchanging composites, containing the combination of polymer analogous conversion reactions of the fibres and cycles of ion-molecular layering is advanced. Synthesis of thin nanomolecular layers of the acid Ti(Ⅳ) and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates on surface of the cotton fibres and Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) ferrocyanides-on polyacrylonitrile fibres was performed on the basis of this principle. By the method of X-ray analysis it was stated that the forme...
基金NSAF joint Fund(Grant No.U1830106)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1632114)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Program of Ningbo(Grant No.2018B10061)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
文摘Prussian blue and its analogs are extensively investigated as a cathode for ammonium-ion batteries.However,they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity.Here,we report a Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite electrode material,which is prepared using a simple coprecipitation approach.The obtained material consists of nanoparticles with sizes 30-50 nm and the multiwalled carbon nanotube embedded in it.The existence of multiwalled carbon nanotube ensures that the Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite shows excellent electrochemical performance,achieving a discharge capacity of 55.1 mAh·g^(-1)at 1 C and 43.2 mAh·g^(-1)even at 15 C.An increase in the ammoniumion diffusion coefficient and ionic/electron conductivity based on kinetic investigations accounts for their high performance.Furthermore,detailed ex situ characterizations demonstrate that Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite offers three advantages:negligible lattice expansion during cycling,stable structure,and the reversible redox couple.Therefore,the Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite presents a long cycling life and high rate capacity.Finally,our study reports a desirable material for ammonium-ion batteries and provides a practical approach for improving the electrochemical performance of Prussian blue and its analogs.
基金This work was funded by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China(2015ZX07406006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21677015,41603109,and 51238006).
文摘In this study,a copper ferrocyanide/silica/polyvinylidene fluoride(CuFC/SiO2/PVDF)hollow-fiber composite membrane was successfully synthesized through a facile and effective crosslinking strategy.The PVDF hollow-fiber membrane with embedded SiO2 was used to fix the dispersion of CuFC nanoparticles for cesium(Cs)removal.The surface morphology and chemical composition of the composite membrane were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The composite membrane showed a high Cs rejection rate and membrane flux at the three layers of CuFC and 0.5%SiO2,and its Cs rejection rate was not affected by variation in the pH(pH=4–10).The modified membrane could be effectively regenerated many times using ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3).The Cs selectivity performance was verified by an efficient Cs rejection rate(76.25%and 88.67%in 8 h)in a solution of 100 lg L 1 of Cs with 1 mmol L 1 of competing cations(K+and Na+).The CuFC/SiO2/PVDF hollowfiber composite membrane showed a particularly superior removal performance(greater than 90%)in natural surface water and simulated water with a low Cs concentration.Therefore,the CuFC/SiO2/PVDF hollow-fiber composite membrane can be used directly in engineering applications for the remediation of radioactive Cs-contaminated water.
基金the National Naturel Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974016 and 51204012)for financial support.
文摘In this work,sodium dicyanamide(SD)was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery,and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated.A gold recovery of 34.8%was obtained when SD was used as the sole leaching reagent at a dosage of 15 kg/t.In the presence of a certain amount of potassium ferrocyanide(PF)in the SD solution,the gold recovery was found to increase from 34.8%to 57.08%.Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D)technique,the leaching kinetics of SD with and without PF were studied.The QCM-D results indicate that the gold-leaching rate increased from 4.03 to 39.99 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when the SD concentration was increased from 0 to 0.17 mol/L,and increased from 39.99 to 272.62 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when 0.1 mol/L of PF was used in combination with SD.The pregnant solution in the leaching tests was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry,which indicated that Au and(N(CN)2)–in the SD solution formed a series of metal complex ions,[AuNax(N(CN)2)x+2]–(x=1,2,3,or 4).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22203062,22078247,U1707602,U1507109)the Yangtze Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT17R81)。
文摘Radioisotope leaking from nuclear waste has become an intractable problem due to its gamma radiation and strong water solubility.In this work,a novel porous ZnFC-PA/PSF composite sphere was fabricated by immobilization of ferrocyanides modified zinc phytate into polysulfone(PSF)substrate for the treatment of Cs-contaminated water.The maximum adsorption capacity of ZnFC-PA/PSF was 305.38 mg/g,and the removal efficiency of Cs+was reached 94.27%within 2 hr.The ZnFC-PA/PSF presented favorable stability with negligible dissolution loss of Zn^(2+)and Fe^(2+)(<2%).The ZnFC-PA/PSF achieved high-selectivity towards Cs+(K_(d)=2.24×10^(4)mL/g)even in actual geothermal water.The adsorption mechanism was inferred to be the ion-exchange between Cs^(+)and K^(+).What’s more,ZnFC-PA/PSF worked well in the fixed-bed adsorption(E=91.92%),indicating the application potential for the hazardous Cs^(+)removal from wastewater.
基金Supported by The Australian Research Council for fundingsome of the research reported herein through Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities grants, No. LE0775598the ARC/NHMRC FABLS Research Network, No. RN0460002
文摘AIM: To characterise differences between three widely used colorectal cancer cell lines using ultrastructural selective staining for glycogen to determine variation in metastatic properties. METHODS: Transmission electron microscopy was used in this investigation to help identify intracellular structures and morphological features which are precursors of tumor invasion. In addition to morphological markers, we used selective staining of glycogen as a marker for neoplastic cellular proliferation and determined whether levels of glycogen change between the three different cell lines. RESULTS: Ultrastructural analysis revealed morphological differences between the cell lines, as well as differentiation into two sub-populations within each cell line. Caco-2 cells contained large glycogen deposits as well as showing the most obvious morphological changes between the two sub-populations. SW480 cells also contained large glycogen stores as well as deep cellular protrusions when grown on porous filter membranes. HT-29 cells had trace amounts of glycogen stores with few cellular projections into the filter pores and no tight junction formation.CONCLUSION: Morphology indicative of metastatic properties coincided with larger glycogen deposits, providing strong evidence for the use of selective staining to determine the neoplastic properties of cells.
文摘Simultaneous impedance analysis of three one-face sealed resonating piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQCs) in parallel is proposed through admittance measurements of the three PQCs on one impedance analyzer and then non-linear fitting according to the parallel combination of three Butterworth-Van Dyke circuits. Responses of each PQC obtained from the three-PQC mode agreed well with those measured separately in series sucrose aqueous solutions. This novel method has been used for the study of depletion-layer effect during ferri-/ferrocyanide electrochemical reactions.
