Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotro...Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotropy poses a constraint on the utilization of such genes in agricultural breeding.In this study,we identified the receptor kinase gene FERONIA-Like Receptor 13(FLR13)as a pleiotropic gene influencing plant height,tillering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Using promoter editing,we generated novel alleles(FLR13T5T6-1,FLR13T5T6-2)that confer resistance to rice blast and increase per-plant yield.The knockout of the T5T6 segment alleviates the inhibitory effects of two transcription factors,OsGBP1 and OsWRKY53,on FLR13 expression.In summary,our study presents a promising avenue for enhancing the pivotal attributes of receptor-like kinases through a promoter-editing strategy.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fr...Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fractions or compound was performed by means of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic assays.The%purity of compound was measured by analytical HPLC.Extracts,fractions or compound have been individually evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects(10,20,100,250,500,750 and 1 000 μg/mL).Based on the inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) obtained from the cell viability assay,graded concentrations of extracts,fractions or isolated compound were assessed(10,20,50,100,200 μg/mL) for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring activity levels of serum glutamatic pyruvatic transaminase(SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).Results:Results indicated that the methanol extract of F.limonia was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature as compared with the petroleum ether extract.The acetone fraction of methanolic extract also showed similar properties but the subsequent two fractions were cytotoxic.However,the pure compound isolated from the penultimate fraction of methanolic extract was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature.Biochemical investigations(SCOT,SCPT) further corroborated these cytological observations.Conclusions:It can be concluded from this study that F.limonia methanol extract,some fractions and pure isolated compound herein exhibit hepatoprotective activity.However,cytotoxicity recorded in the penultimate fraction and investigation of structural details of pure compound warrants further study.展开更多
Objective:To evalueate hepatoprotective effects Feronia elephantum(F.elephantum)correa against thioacctamide(TA)induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats.Methods:Male wistar rats were made diabetic with alloxan(160 mg/k...Objective:To evalueate hepatoprotective effects Feronia elephantum(F.elephantum)correa against thioacctamide(TA)induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats.Methods:Male wistar rats were made diabetic with alloxan(160 mg/kg)on day 0 of the study.They were intoxicated with hepatotoxicant(thioacetamide,300 mg/kg,ip)on day 9 of study to produce liver necrosis.Effects of 7 day daily once administration(day 2 to day 9)of EF(400 and 800 mg/kg,po)were evaluated on necorosis of liver in terms of mortality,liver volume,liver weight,serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and serum alanine transaminase(ALT),and histopathology of liver sections(for signs of necorosis and inflammation)on day-9 of the study.Separate groups of rats with treated only with alloxan(DA control),thioacetamide(TA control)and both(TA+DA control)were maintained.Results:FE significantly lowered the mortality rate and showed improvement in liver function parameters in TA-induced diabetic rats without change in liver weight,volume and serum glucose levels.Conclusions:FE showed promising activity against TA-induced liver necorsis in diabetic rats and so might be useful for prevention of liver complications in DM.展开更多
Feronia limonia Linn. (Rutaceae) have gained traditional therapeutic importance owing to their high essential oil and coumarins content. Marmesin, a furanocoumarin was identified by TLC and isolated by column chromato...Feronia limonia Linn. (Rutaceae) have gained traditional therapeutic importance owing to their high essential oil and coumarins content. Marmesin, a furanocoumarin was identified by TLC and isolated by column chromatography and further purified by Preparative TLC. Presently, there is no appropriate TLC based method available for standardization of F. limonia. A simple, sensitive and accurate high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the estimation of marmesin in the methanolic extract of stem bark of Feronia limonia. HPTLC was performed on precoated silica gel 60F254 aluminium plates (20 cm × 20 cm) with Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5), as mobile phase. Quantitative evaluation of the plate was performed in the absorption-reflection mode at 338 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 20 – 100 ng spot–1. The method was validated for precision, repeatability and accuracy. The technique has been applied, for the first time, for the estimation of marmesin. The proposed method was found to be robust, precise, and accurate, it therefore holds potential for detection, monitoring and quantification of marmesin in Feronia limonia and its related formulation.展开更多
Objective:To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisleroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.Methods:Fourty Wistar male albino rats(Ratios norvegicus)were equally divided into fo...Objective:To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisleroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.Methods:Fourty Wistar male albino rats(Ratios norvegicus)were equally divided into four groups.Experimental groups were administered with the ethanolic extract of Feronia lirnonia(F.limoni)fruit pulp at doses of 250 and 500 nig/kg body weight once daily for 55 days.All treated rats had corresponding recovery groups.At the end of each treatment periods,various spermatological indices,tissue biochemicals and testicular enzymes levels were analysed.Blood profiles were also estimated.Results:Compared with the control,the F.lirnonia.fruit pulp at both dose leveb did not decrease body weight,which were associated with decline in epididymal sperm count,motility,viability and increased percent of abnormal sperm.Further,F.limonia.fruit pulp at 500 mg/kg body weight markedly reduced the epididymal and testicular protein content by 24.58%and 29.86%,respectively,as well as the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and△~5-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase)levels by 42.82%and 38.08%,respectively,while a significant elevation was observed in testicular cholesterol and ascorbic acid content.A gradual recovery of all parameters was observed after 55 days of treatment withdrawal.No significant alterations in haematological indices were observed.Conclusions:The present findings indicate that F.lirnonia fruit pulp may have reversible antispermatogenic and antisteroidogenic properties,and could partially support the traditional use as mate contraceptive.展开更多
Objective:To analyse the chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant,cytotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of essential oil of Feronia elephantum Correa.Methods:Chemical composition analysis of hydrodisti...Objective:To analyse the chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant,cytotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of essential oil of Feronia elephantum Correa.Methods:Chemical composition analysis of hydrodistilled essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil was determined by DPPH free radical,hydroxyly radical scavenging,metal chelating and prevention of deoxyribose degradation.Cytotoxicity and ONA fragmentation activities against breast cancer cells(MCF-7)were also analyzed.Resnlts:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 24compounds with caryophyllene oxide(62.29%)as major compound.A considerable antioxidant,cyotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of oils was observed.Conclusiolis:The result of this study clearly indicates oil could be useful for food preservation and preparation.展开更多
The present study was carried out to investigate possible antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanol extract of Feronia limonia leaves. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed to detect p...The present study was carried out to investigate possible antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanol extract of Feronia limonia leaves. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed to detect presence of different kinds of phytoconstituents. The antibacterial activity was investigated against four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The plant extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus pyogenes and all tested Gram negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysentery and Shigella flexneri in dose dependant manner. The results of castor oil-induced diarrhoeal study showed that Feronia limonia extract significantly reduced the severity & frequency of diarrhoea in mice at a higher dose of 500 mg/kg compared with the standard drug loperamide (25 mg/kg). The present study clearly supports the medicinal value of this plant. The overall results indicate the possibility of presence of some active principles in the plant extract possessing antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal actions.展开更多
Feronia limonia Swingle, though mentioned as a high utility medicinal plant in Ayurveda for the treat-ment of liver disorders, but has no scientific investigations. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to inves...Feronia limonia Swingle, though mentioned as a high utility medicinal plant in Ayurveda for the treat-ment of liver disorders, but has no scientific investigations. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of extracts of Feronia limonia fruit on albino rat liver, damage induced by single dose of carbon-tetrachloride (1.5 ml/kg, p.o.). The oral administration of extracts (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days has shown significant hepatoprotective action. There is reduction in the elevated levels of serum enzymes such SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Serum bilirubin and elevation in level of GSH, GPX,GLY and total protein in Feronia limonia protected rats.展开更多
Paracetamol toxicity induced a significant rise in AST （aspartate transaminase）, ALT （alanine transaminase）, ALP （alkhaline phisphatase）, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Triglycerides. Administration of 150 ...Paracetamol toxicity induced a significant rise in AST （aspartate transaminase）, ALT （alanine transaminase）, ALP （alkhaline phisphatase）, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Triglycerides. Administration of 150 mg/kg b.w of synergistic ethanolic extracts of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L., and Tribulus terrestris L. effectively reduced these pathological damages caused by paracetamol intoxication. In addition to serum parameters treatment of 150 rng/kg b.w of synergistic ethanolic extract of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L. and Tribulus terrestris L. also promote the body weight in albino rats. Histopathological changes of the liver samples were compared with the normal control. From our results, we may infer that the mode of action of synergistic 90% ethanolic extracts of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L., and Tribulus terrestris L. （150 mg/kg b.w） in affording the in vivo hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol may be due to the cell membrane stabilization, hepatic cell regeneration and activation of antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase.展开更多
Plant cell expansion is regulated by hormones and driven by turgor pressure,which stretches the cell wall and can potentially cause wall damage or rupture.How plant cells avoid cell wall rupture during hormoneinduced ...Plant cell expansion is regulated by hormones and driven by turgor pressure,which stretches the cell wall and can potentially cause wall damage or rupture.How plant cells avoid cell wall rupture during hormoneinduced rapid cell expansion remains poorly understood.Here,we show that the wall-sensing receptor kinase FERONIA(FER)plays an essential role in maintaining cell wall integrity during brassinosteroid(BR)-induced cell elongation.Compared with the wild type,the BR-treated fer mutants display an increased initial acceleration of cell elongation,increased cell wall damage and rupture,reduced production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and enhanced cell wall acidification.Long-term treatments of fer with high concentrations of BR cause stress responses and reduce growth,whereas osmolytes,reducing turgor,alleviate the defects.These results show that BR-induced cell elongation causes damage to cell walls and the release of cell wall fragments that activate FER,which promotes ROS production,attenuates apoplastic acidification,and slows cell elongation,thereby preventing further cell wall damage and rupture.Furthermore,we show that BR signaling promotes FER accumulation at the plasma membrane(PM).When the BR level is low,the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates FER to reduce FER accumulation and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to PM.BR-induced inactivation of BIN2 leads to dephosphorylation and PM accumulation of FER.Thus,BR signaling enhances FER-mediated cell wall integrity surveillance while promoting cell expansion,whereas FER acts as a brake to maintain a safe cell elongation rate.Collectively,our study reveals a vital signaling circuit that coordinates hormone signaling with mechanical sensing to prevent cell rupture during hormone-induced cell expansion.展开更多
How can a cell grow when it is trapped inside rigid cell walls?Remarkably,plant cells accomplish this complex biological process every day—stretching,expanding,and shaping themselves into roots,leaves,and stems.The s...How can a cell grow when it is trapped inside rigid cell walls?Remarkably,plant cells accomplish this complex biological process every day—stretching,expanding,and shaping themselves into roots,leaves,and stems.The secret lies in a highly coordinated set of processes that allow cells to overcome the biomechanical constraints imposed by their cell walls without damaging the cell wall or rupturing the cells(Cosgrove,2024).Plant growth is traditionally studied from physiological,phytohormonal,and biomechanical perspectives,and the study of mechanotransduction,the exchanges between biomechanical and biochemical signaling,aims to provide a unifying picture of the dynamic process of cell expansion.展开更多
The phytohormone auxin plays a pivotal role in governing plant growth and development.Although the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX(TIR1/AFB)receptors function in both the nucleus and cytoplasm,the ...The phytohormone auxin plays a pivotal role in governing plant growth and development.Although the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX(TIR1/AFB)receptors function in both the nucleus and cytoplasm,the mechanism governing the distribution of TIR1/AFBs between these cellular compartments remains unknown.In this study,we demonstrate that auxin-mediated oxidation of TIR1/AFB2 is essential for their targeting to the nucleus.We showed that small active molecules,reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO),are indispensable for the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of TIR1/AFB2 in trichoblasts and root hairs.Further studies revealed that this process is regulated by the FERONIA receptor kinase–NADPH oxidase signaling pathway.Interestingly,ROS and NO initiate oxidative modifications in TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511,facilitating their subsequent nuclear import.The oxidized forms of TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511 play a crucial role in enhancing the function of TIR1 and AFB2 in transcriptional auxin responses.Collectively,our study reveals a novel mechanism by which auxin stimulates the transport of TIR1/AFB2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus,orchestrated by the FERONIA–ROS signaling pathway.展开更多
Owing to its versatile roles in almost all aspects of plants,FERONIA(FER),a receptor-like kinase of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like(CrRLK1L)subfamily,has received extensive research interests durin...Owing to its versatile roles in almost all aspects of plants,FERONIA(FER),a receptor-like kinase of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like(CrRLK1L)subfamily,has received extensive research interests during the past decades.Accumulating evidence has been emerged that FER homologs in horticultural crops also play crucial roles in reproductive biology and responses to environmental stimuli(abiotic and biotic stress factors).Here,we provide a review for the latest advances in the studies on FER homologs in modulating stress responses in horticultural crops,and further analyze the underlying mechanisms maintained by FER.Moreover,we also envisage the missing links in current work and provide a perspective for future studies on this star protein.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-32201712,32470328)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2021JJ10015,2023JJ10025)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1401100).
文摘Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotropy poses a constraint on the utilization of such genes in agricultural breeding.In this study,we identified the receptor kinase gene FERONIA-Like Receptor 13(FLR13)as a pleiotropic gene influencing plant height,tillering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Using promoter editing,we generated novel alleles(FLR13T5T6-1,FLR13T5T6-2)that confer resistance to rice blast and increase per-plant yield.The knockout of the T5T6 segment alleviates the inhibitory effects of two transcription factors,OsGBP1 and OsWRKY53,on FLR13 expression.In summary,our study presents a promising avenue for enhancing the pivotal attributes of receptor-like kinases through a promoter-editing strategy.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fractions or compound was performed by means of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic assays.The%purity of compound was measured by analytical HPLC.Extracts,fractions or compound have been individually evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects(10,20,100,250,500,750 and 1 000 μg/mL).Based on the inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) obtained from the cell viability assay,graded concentrations of extracts,fractions or isolated compound were assessed(10,20,50,100,200 μg/mL) for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring activity levels of serum glutamatic pyruvatic transaminase(SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).Results:Results indicated that the methanol extract of F.limonia was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature as compared with the petroleum ether extract.The acetone fraction of methanolic extract also showed similar properties but the subsequent two fractions were cytotoxic.However,the pure compound isolated from the penultimate fraction of methanolic extract was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature.Biochemical investigations(SCOT,SCPT) further corroborated these cytological observations.Conclusions:It can be concluded from this study that F.limonia methanol extract,some fractions and pure isolated compound herein exhibit hepatoprotective activity.However,cytotoxicity recorded in the penultimate fraction and investigation of structural details of pure compound warrants further study.
文摘Objective:To evalueate hepatoprotective effects Feronia elephantum(F.elephantum)correa against thioacctamide(TA)induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats.Methods:Male wistar rats were made diabetic with alloxan(160 mg/kg)on day 0 of the study.They were intoxicated with hepatotoxicant(thioacetamide,300 mg/kg,ip)on day 9 of study to produce liver necrosis.Effects of 7 day daily once administration(day 2 to day 9)of EF(400 and 800 mg/kg,po)were evaluated on necorosis of liver in terms of mortality,liver volume,liver weight,serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and serum alanine transaminase(ALT),and histopathology of liver sections(for signs of necorosis and inflammation)on day-9 of the study.Separate groups of rats with treated only with alloxan(DA control),thioacetamide(TA control)and both(TA+DA control)were maintained.Results:FE significantly lowered the mortality rate and showed improvement in liver function parameters in TA-induced diabetic rats without change in liver weight,volume and serum glucose levels.Conclusions:FE showed promising activity against TA-induced liver necorsis in diabetic rats and so might be useful for prevention of liver complications in DM.
文摘Feronia limonia Linn. (Rutaceae) have gained traditional therapeutic importance owing to their high essential oil and coumarins content. Marmesin, a furanocoumarin was identified by TLC and isolated by column chromatography and further purified by Preparative TLC. Presently, there is no appropriate TLC based method available for standardization of F. limonia. A simple, sensitive and accurate high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the estimation of marmesin in the methanolic extract of stem bark of Feronia limonia. HPTLC was performed on precoated silica gel 60F254 aluminium plates (20 cm × 20 cm) with Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5), as mobile phase. Quantitative evaluation of the plate was performed in the absorption-reflection mode at 338 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 20 – 100 ng spot–1. The method was validated for precision, repeatability and accuracy. The technique has been applied, for the first time, for the estimation of marmesin. The proposed method was found to be robust, precise, and accurate, it therefore holds potential for detection, monitoring and quantification of marmesin in Feronia limonia and its related formulation.
文摘Objective:To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisleroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.Methods:Fourty Wistar male albino rats(Ratios norvegicus)were equally divided into four groups.Experimental groups were administered with the ethanolic extract of Feronia lirnonia(F.limoni)fruit pulp at doses of 250 and 500 nig/kg body weight once daily for 55 days.All treated rats had corresponding recovery groups.At the end of each treatment periods,various spermatological indices,tissue biochemicals and testicular enzymes levels were analysed.Blood profiles were also estimated.Results:Compared with the control,the F.lirnonia.fruit pulp at both dose leveb did not decrease body weight,which were associated with decline in epididymal sperm count,motility,viability and increased percent of abnormal sperm.Further,F.limonia.fruit pulp at 500 mg/kg body weight markedly reduced the epididymal and testicular protein content by 24.58%and 29.86%,respectively,as well as the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and△~5-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase)levels by 42.82%and 38.08%,respectively,while a significant elevation was observed in testicular cholesterol and ascorbic acid content.A gradual recovery of all parameters was observed after 55 days of treatment withdrawal.No significant alterations in haematological indices were observed.Conclusions:The present findings indicate that F.lirnonia fruit pulp may have reversible antispermatogenic and antisteroidogenic properties,and could partially support the traditional use as mate contraceptive.
基金Supported by PG and Research Department of Biotechnology,Kongunadu Arts and Science College(Grant No.ARF-KASC,5/2012)
文摘Objective:To analyse the chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant,cytotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of essential oil of Feronia elephantum Correa.Methods:Chemical composition analysis of hydrodistilled essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil was determined by DPPH free radical,hydroxyly radical scavenging,metal chelating and prevention of deoxyribose degradation.Cytotoxicity and ONA fragmentation activities against breast cancer cells(MCF-7)were also analyzed.Resnlts:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 24compounds with caryophyllene oxide(62.29%)as major compound.A considerable antioxidant,cyotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of oils was observed.Conclusiolis:The result of this study clearly indicates oil could be useful for food preservation and preparation.
文摘The present study was carried out to investigate possible antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanol extract of Feronia limonia leaves. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed to detect presence of different kinds of phytoconstituents. The antibacterial activity was investigated against four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The plant extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus pyogenes and all tested Gram negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysentery and Shigella flexneri in dose dependant manner. The results of castor oil-induced diarrhoeal study showed that Feronia limonia extract significantly reduced the severity & frequency of diarrhoea in mice at a higher dose of 500 mg/kg compared with the standard drug loperamide (25 mg/kg). The present study clearly supports the medicinal value of this plant. The overall results indicate the possibility of presence of some active principles in the plant extract possessing antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal actions.
文摘Feronia limonia Swingle, though mentioned as a high utility medicinal plant in Ayurveda for the treat-ment of liver disorders, but has no scientific investigations. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of extracts of Feronia limonia fruit on albino rat liver, damage induced by single dose of carbon-tetrachloride (1.5 ml/kg, p.o.). The oral administration of extracts (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days has shown significant hepatoprotective action. There is reduction in the elevated levels of serum enzymes such SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Serum bilirubin and elevation in level of GSH, GPX,GLY and total protein in Feronia limonia protected rats.
文摘Paracetamol toxicity induced a significant rise in AST （aspartate transaminase）, ALT （alanine transaminase）, ALP （alkhaline phisphatase）, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Triglycerides. Administration of 150 mg/kg b.w of synergistic ethanolic extracts of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L., and Tribulus terrestris L. effectively reduced these pathological damages caused by paracetamol intoxication. In addition to serum parameters treatment of 150 rng/kg b.w of synergistic ethanolic extract of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L. and Tribulus terrestris L. also promote the body weight in albino rats. Histopathological changes of the liver samples were compared with the normal control. From our results, we may infer that the mode of action of synergistic 90% ethanolic extracts of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L., and Tribulus terrestris L. （150 mg/kg b.w） in affording the in vivo hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol may be due to the cell membrane stabilization, hepatic cell regeneration and activation of antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase.
基金funded by grants from NIH to Z.-Y.W(R01GM066258 and R01GM123259)and S.-L.X.(R01GM135706)from NSF to A.Y.C.and H.-M.W.(MCB-1715764)from the German Research Foundation(DFG Heisenberg Professorship,GR4559/4-1 and CEPLAS-EXC-2048/1-project ID 390686111)to G.G.
文摘Plant cell expansion is regulated by hormones and driven by turgor pressure,which stretches the cell wall and can potentially cause wall damage or rupture.How plant cells avoid cell wall rupture during hormoneinduced rapid cell expansion remains poorly understood.Here,we show that the wall-sensing receptor kinase FERONIA(FER)plays an essential role in maintaining cell wall integrity during brassinosteroid(BR)-induced cell elongation.Compared with the wild type,the BR-treated fer mutants display an increased initial acceleration of cell elongation,increased cell wall damage and rupture,reduced production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and enhanced cell wall acidification.Long-term treatments of fer with high concentrations of BR cause stress responses and reduce growth,whereas osmolytes,reducing turgor,alleviate the defects.These results show that BR-induced cell elongation causes damage to cell walls and the release of cell wall fragments that activate FER,which promotes ROS production,attenuates apoplastic acidification,and slows cell elongation,thereby preventing further cell wall damage and rupture.Furthermore,we show that BR signaling promotes FER accumulation at the plasma membrane(PM).When the BR level is low,the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates FER to reduce FER accumulation and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to PM.BR-induced inactivation of BIN2 leads to dephosphorylation and PM accumulation of FER.Thus,BR signaling enhances FER-mediated cell wall integrity surveillance while promoting cell expansion,whereas FER acts as a brake to maintain a safe cell elongation rate.Collectively,our study reveals a vital signaling circuit that coordinates hormone signaling with mechanical sensing to prevent cell rupture during hormone-induced cell expansion.
基金Y.H.is supported by the Department of Botany,Faculty of Science,Kasetsart UniversityY.L.is supported by the Department of Biological Sciences,National University of Singapore.
文摘How can a cell grow when it is trapped inside rigid cell walls?Remarkably,plant cells accomplish this complex biological process every day—stretching,expanding,and shaping themselves into roots,leaves,and stems.The secret lies in a highly coordinated set of processes that allow cells to overcome the biomechanical constraints imposed by their cell walls without damaging the cell wall or rupturing the cells(Cosgrove,2024).Plant growth is traditionally studied from physiological,phytohormonal,and biomechanical perspectives,and the study of mechanotransduction,the exchanges between biomechanical and biochemical signaling,aims to provide a unifying picture of the dynamic process of cell expansion.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230009,31770307,31972863)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(20ZR1416500).
文摘The phytohormone auxin plays a pivotal role in governing plant growth and development.Although the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX(TIR1/AFB)receptors function in both the nucleus and cytoplasm,the mechanism governing the distribution of TIR1/AFBs between these cellular compartments remains unknown.In this study,we demonstrate that auxin-mediated oxidation of TIR1/AFB2 is essential for their targeting to the nucleus.We showed that small active molecules,reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO),are indispensable for the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of TIR1/AFB2 in trichoblasts and root hairs.Further studies revealed that this process is regulated by the FERONIA receptor kinase–NADPH oxidase signaling pathway.Interestingly,ROS and NO initiate oxidative modifications in TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511,facilitating their subsequent nuclear import.The oxidized forms of TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511 play a crucial role in enhancing the function of TIR1 and AFB2 in transcriptional auxin responses.Collectively,our study reveals a novel mechanism by which auxin stimulates the transport of TIR1/AFB2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus,orchestrated by the FERONIA–ROS signaling pathway.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(5242019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372777,32072637).
文摘Owing to its versatile roles in almost all aspects of plants,FERONIA(FER),a receptor-like kinase of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like(CrRLK1L)subfamily,has received extensive research interests during the past decades.Accumulating evidence has been emerged that FER homologs in horticultural crops also play crucial roles in reproductive biology and responses to environmental stimuli(abiotic and biotic stress factors).Here,we provide a review for the latest advances in the studies on FER homologs in modulating stress responses in horticultural crops,and further analyze the underlying mechanisms maintained by FER.Moreover,we also envisage the missing links in current work and provide a perspective for future studies on this star protein.
