Objective:Sheep are commonly used as large animal pre-clinical models for inves-tigating cardiovascular therapies,interventions,anatomy and physiology.Further,novel small diameter vascular grafts are frequently tested...Objective:Sheep are commonly used as large animal pre-clinical models for inves-tigating cardiovascular therapies,interventions,anatomy and physiology.Further,novel small diameter vascular grafts are frequently tested via implantation into sheep carotid arteries(CAs).This is because,unlike humans,acute occlusion of one or both sheep CAs is not associated with morbidity or mortality and thus provides safer experimental testing,with reduced ethical constraints,animal numbers and costs.However,to date there has been no evidence regarding sheep tolerance of femoral artery(FA)occlusion.Methods:In this study,seven sheep underwent CA graft surgery,with digital subtrac-tion angiography(DSA)of the CAs performed every 2 months via femoral access,for a total of 8 months.Four months into the study,the left FA of two sheep became inac-cessible due to a suspected FA occlusion.Thus,femoral angiography was performed,followed by FA dissection,FA histology and retrospective analysis of both veterinar-ian animal monitoring and pain scores.Results:FA angiography and histology confirmed complete left FA occlusion in two sheep.Retrospective animal monitoring demonstrated sheep with occluded FAs did not display increased pain scores or deleterious effects on their gait or wellbeing.Conclusion:Our data shows that sheep tolerate FA occlusion with no symptoms,similar to their cerebral circulation,making them an appropriate model for assessing small diameter femoral graft interposition studies and testing other cardiovascular interventions.展开更多
Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model, the “lytic circle' method was used to determine plasma levels of r SAK. Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabb...Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model, the “lytic circle' method was used to determine plasma levels of r SAK. Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the control (saline 10 ml, 30 min), r SAK low dose (0.25 mg/kg, 30 min), medial dose (0.50 mg/kg, 30 min), high dose (1.00 mg/kg, 30 min), single bolus (0.50 mg/kg, 2 min) and conjunctive therapy (initiated with heparin 200 U/kg, followed by infusion of r SAK 0.50 mg/kg for 30 min, and subsequently infused heparin 50 U/(kg·h) to endpoint) groups. The right femoral artery thrombosis model in rabbit was made by balloon injury, then the thrombolytic agents were infused through parallel ear vein and the blood samples were collected pre thrombolysis and at different time post thrombolysis to determine the plasma levels of r SAK by “lytic circle' method, the plasma levels of r SAK were processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure to fit the model. Results: The plasma levels of r SAK and the diameters of lytic circles showed a pretty good linear correlation under the scope of 2.0×10 4 2.0×10 6 U/L, and the averaged recycle rate was (96.05±11.35)%(RSD =±11.82%).All peak concentration time in each infusion group was 30 min, and the peak concentrations positively correlated with the doses administrated in infusion groups(r=0.999 98, P <0.000 1). In single bolus group, Peak concentration time was 2 min, and the peak concentration reached (5.16±1.02) mg/L, which was significant higher than that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P <0.01). In conjunctive therapy group, the peak concentration showed no significant difference from that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P >0.05). The plasma levels of r SAK fit in two compartment model as processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure in each group. Conclusion: The “lytic circle' method is a simple, practical and reliable method to determine the plasma level of r SAK, and the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK infusion fits in two compartment model in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model.展开更多
BACKGROUND Branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery(LCFA) stretch across the surgical field during a direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. It is an anatomical marker in direct anterior approach. As an impor...BACKGROUND Branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery(LCFA) stretch across the surgical field during a direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. It is an anatomical marker in direct anterior approach. As an important vessel around the hip joint,this vessel was ligated in most situations. Although ligation of the vascular pedicle of the LCFA is a common, traditional procedure used to decrease bleeding, the ligation of the pedicle of the vessel is tedious and time-consuming.AIM To explore whether this ligation is truly necessary in a direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty.METHODS This single-center, single-surgeon, prospective study was performed to compare patients' bleeding undergoing ligation of the branches of the LCFA pedicle(group A) vs those treated with electrocautery from the branches of the LCFA(group B). In both groups, the pedicles were identified in the intermuscular plane between the tensor fasciae lata and the rectus femoris muscles. In group A, the pedicles were ligated with a silk ligature. In group B, the branches coming off the LCFA were controlled with electrocautery. We compared preoperative vs postoperative changes in blood hemoglobin levels, intraoperative blood loss,operative time, rates of transfusion, re-bleeding, and hematoma between the two groups.RESULTS The reduction of hemoglobin in group A was 20.9 ± 7.0, and in group B it was 21.2 ± 4.9. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). The actual calculated blood loss in group A was 784 ± 125 mL,and in group B it was 722 ± 153 mL. There was a trend in group A having more blood loss(P = 0.078). The estimated blood loss in group A was 344 ± 88 mL, and in group B it was 346 ± 73 mL. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P = 0.883). In addition, there were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative transfusion(10% vs 6.7%, P > 0.05),postoperative hematomas(6.7% vs 13.3%, P > 0.05), or re-bleeding(13.3% vs 20%,P > 0.05) between the two groups.CONCLUSION Ligation of the pedicle of the LCFA has no advantage in preventing or decreasing bleeding during or after a total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach. Ligation of the pedicle of the vessel is a cumbersome, unnecessary procedure and can be replaced by electrocautery control of the branches off this artery that course through the surgical field.展开更多
This paper presents the development of the blood flow simulation in two dimensions over the real geometry of the femoral artery. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, to obtain the di...This paper presents the development of the blood flow simulation in two dimensions over the real geometry of the femoral artery. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, to obtain the distributions of the blood pressure and flow velocity in multiple instants of time and different places of the femoral artery and thus determine the current condition of the blood vessels. The velocity field shows a laminar behavior,where, the velocity is higher in the center of the artery and decreases as the blood flow approaches artery walls. In spite of all artery and blood flow properties not being considered, the values of pressure and velocity obtained are within the normal ranges. Finally the model is used to verify if there exist irregularities in the blood flow in both healthy subjects and sick patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of p...BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of pseudoaneurysms after DES placement is rarely reported in the lower extremity region,although there have been several reports on pseudoaneurysm formation after DES placement in the coronary artery region.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with fever and pain in his left hand after dialysis.Bacteremia was diagnosed by blood culture,and after admission,he developed pain on the medial side of the right thigh.A pseudoaneurysm was observed in the right superficial femoral artery(SFA)at the proximal end of a previously placed DES.The bacteremia was thought to have been caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery,and the pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery was removed after antibiotic treatment.The pseudoaneurysm of the right SFA rapidly expanded after admission,but the expansion rate was reduced after infection control.Seven months after the first admission,the pseudoaneurysm of the left SFA was re-moved and in situ revascularization performed using a rifampicin-soaked Dacron graft.CONCLUSION Although pseudoaneurysm after DES placement in the lower extremity region is rare,it must be considered in patients with bacteremia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe bleeding as a result of a major vascular injury is a potentially fatal event commonly observed in the emergency department.Bowel necrosis and gastric ulcers secondary to ischemia are rare due to thei...BACKGROUND Severe bleeding as a result of a major vascular injury is a potentially fatal event commonly observed in the emergency department.Bowel necrosis and gastric ulcers secondary to ischemia are rare due to their rich blood supply.In this case,we present the case of a patient who was treated successfully following rupture of his femoral artery resulting in bowel necrosis and an unusually large gastric ulcer.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old male patient sustained a knife stab wound to the right thigh,causing rupture of his femoral artery and leading to massive bleeding.He underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and received a large blood transfusion.Abdominal surgeries confirmed bowel necrosis,and jejunostomy was performed.The necrotic intestine was removed,the remaining intestine was anastomosed,and the right thigh was amputated.After three surgeries,the patient's overall condition gradually improved,and the patient was discharged from the hospital.However,one day after discharge,the patient was admitted again due to dizziness and melena,and a gastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant banded ulcer.After 2 weeks of treatment,the ulcer had decreased in size without bleeding.Six months after the last surgery,enterostomy and reintroduction surgery were completed.The patient was fitted with a right lower limb prosthesis one year after surgery.After 3 years of follow-up,the patient did not complain of discomfort.CONCLUSION Trauma department physicians need to be aware of the possible serious complications involving the abdomen of trauma patients with massive bleeding.展开更多
Objective This study reportsthe initial and late results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and intravascular stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac and femoral arteries. Methods and Results Fr...Objective This study reportsthe initial and late results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and intravascular stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac and femoral arteries. Methods and Results From December 1994 to March 1997, we performed iliac and femoral artery angioplasty and primary intravascular stent placement in 37 vessel of 33 patients (19 men and 14 women; mean age, 70. 5 years). A total of 43 self - expanding Wallstents (Boston, Inc. ) were deployed. All patients underwent angioplasty and stent placement successfully. Clinical follow - up was available for all patients at a mean of 26±14months. All patient clinical is-chemic category (claudication or rest pain) was improved. Angiographic follow - up was completed for 17 of 23 patients at a mean follow-up of 10±5 months, The iliac artery restenosis rate was 0(0/8). The femoral artery restenosis rate was 33 % (3/9), All 3 patients underwent repeat balloon angioplasty successfully. Conclusion The iliac and femoral arteries can be performed and reasonable early and late patency rates.展开更多
Objective: to judge the possible peripheral vascular complications of patients in the process of treatment and complete nursing intervention. Methods: the patients in the control group received routine nursing, and th...Objective: to judge the possible peripheral vascular complications of patients in the process of treatment and complete nursing intervention. Methods: the patients in the control group received routine nursing, and the patients in the observation group received complication nursing. Results: the complications, nursing satisfaction and quality of life in the observation group were better than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: based on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with femoral artery intervention, with the help of complication nursing, the complications of patients can be reduced, and then the satisfaction and quality of life can be improved.展开更多
Background Femoral artery thrombosis is one of the most common complications of catheterizations in infants and young children. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of thrombolytic...Background Femoral artery thrombosis is one of the most common complications of catheterizations in infants and young children. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy for femoral artery thrombosis after left cardiac catheterization in children. Methods Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase was carried out in children with femoral artery thrombosis after left cardiac catheterization. Each patient was given a bolus injection of heparin （100 U/kg）. A bolus of urokinase （30 000 - 100 000 U） was injected intravenously, and then a continuous infusion of 10 000-50 000 U/h was administered. Transcatheter thrombolysis was performed once previous procedures failed. Results Eight patients （aged （3.1±2.3） years （8 months to 7 years）, body weight （13.1±4.2） kg （7 to 20 kg）） presented lower limbs ischemia after left cardiac catheterizations was performed. Seven patients accepted thrombolytic therapy with urokinase. In 5 patients, peripheral intravenous thrombolysis was successful with restoration of a normal pulse. In the other 3 cases, peripheral intravenous thrombolysis failed, followed by successful transcatheter thrombolysis. The average duration of therapy was （7.25±5.31） hours （1-17 hours）. The average doses of heparin and urokinase were （1600±723） U （800-3000 U） and （268 571±177 240） U （50 000-500 000 U）, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in partial thromboplastin time before and during urokinase therapy （（40.6±22.3） to （49.9±39.2） seconds）. However, the prothrombin time was significantly longer （（12.7±2.58） to （48.1±18.6） seconds, P〈0.05）. Patency of the target vessel was evaluated in all the patients for 2 weeks and no occlusion recurred. Conclusion Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase is a safe and useful modality in children with femoral artery thrombosis after left cardiac catheterization.展开更多
Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by invasive procedures is one of the common complications for endovascular interventions.We present a case of a young male with a complex iatrogenic femoral artery pseud...Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by invasive procedures is one of the common complications for endovascular interventions.We present a case of a young male with a complex iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm as a result of iatrogenic femoral artery puncture.The defective femoral artery was repaired with combined bovine pericardial tube and autologous great saphenous vein grafts.Computed tomography angiography showed the grafts were still patent one year after the surgery.展开更多
Severe diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the lower limb is rarely seen among young people and sometimes can be a fatal challenge for operation.We reported a case of diffuse cavernous hemangioma invol-ving both skin and ...Severe diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the lower limb is rarely seen among young people and sometimes can be a fatal challenge for operation.We reported a case of diffuse cavernous hemangioma invol-ving both skin and muscles of the left lower limb and perineal region in an adolescent patient.The patient who had previously undergone a local hemangioma resection of the foot ultimately ended in superficial femoral artery ligation and supergenual thigh amputation of the left upper leg because of uncontrollable massive bleeding of anastomotic stoma.展开更多
Background:The efficacy of balloon angioplasty for treating peripheral artery disease is influenced by various factors,some of them not yet totally understood.This study aimed to evaluate the role of elastin content i...Background:The efficacy of balloon angioplasty for treating peripheral artery disease is influenced by various factors,some of them not yet totally understood.This study aimed to evaluate the role of elastin content in vascular responses 28 days postangioplasty using uncoated and paclitaxel-coated balloons with the same platform in femoral arteries of a healthy porcine model.Methods:Eight animals underwent balloon angioplasty on the external and internal branches of femoral arteries.Histopathologic evaluation was conducted at follow-up to assess the elastin content,vascular damage,morphological features,and neointimal formation.Results:The elastin content was significantly higher in the external than in the internal femoral artery(p=0.0014).After balloon angioplasty,it was inversely correlated with vascular injury score(ρ=−0.4510,p=0.0096),neointimal inflammation(ρ=−0.3352,p=0.0607),transmural(ρ=−0.4474,p=0.0103)and circumferential(ρ=−0.4591,p=0.0082)smooth muscle cell loss,presence of proteoglycans(ρ=−0.5172,p=0.0024),fibrin deposition(ρ=−0.3496,p=0.0499),and adventitial fibrosis(ρ=−0.6229,p=0.0002).Neointimal formation inhibition with paclitaxel was evident only in arteries with disruption of the internal elastic lamina,with a significant smaller neointimal area in arteries treated with paclitaxel-coated balloons compared to uncoated balloons(median[Q1–Q3]:10.25[7.49–15.64]vs.24.44[18.96–30.52],p=0.0434).Conclusions:Elastin content varies between branches of the femoral artery and significantly influences the integrity of the internal elastic lamina,the vessel's adaptive response,and paclitaxel efficacy after balloon angioplasty.展开更多
Objective: To study surgical management for pati ents with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods: Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneury sm resulting from addictive dr...Objective: To study surgical management for pati ents with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods: Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneury sm resulting from addictive drug injection were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients underwent bypass graft (end to side) of external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery using expanded polytetr afluoroethylene (ePTFE). Three patients who had an autogenous saphenous vein gra ft in situs,one of whom was then performed an ePTFE graft when rupture and blee ding occurred at the anastomotic site. Color Doppler image showed patent grafted blood vessels in all the patients after operation. Eighteen patients had their femoral arteries ligated. Limbs of all the 34 patients were saved. Conclusions: Ligating femoral artery is an effective way to tre at femoral artery pseudoaneurysm if autogenous saphenous vein graft or artificia l vessel graft is not applicable.展开更多
BACKGROUND Vascular injury is a rare complication of femoral shaft fractures,and rupture of the deep femoral artery is more difficult to diagnose because of its anatomical location and symptoms.Despite its low inciden...BACKGROUND Vascular injury is a rare complication of femoral shaft fractures,and rupture of the deep femoral artery is more difficult to diagnose because of its anatomical location and symptoms.Despite its low incidence,deep femoral artery rupture can lead to life-threatening outcomes,such as compartment syndrome,making early identification and diagnosis critical.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to right lower limb trauma in a car accident,with complaints of severe pain and swelling on his right thigh.X-ray demonstrated a right femoral shaft fracture.During preparation for emergency surgery,his blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation dropped,and sensorimotor function was lost.Computed tomography angiography was performed immediately to confirm the diagnosis of rupture of the deep femoral artery and compartment syndrome,so fasciotomy and vacuum-assisted closure were performed.Rhabdomyolysis took place after the operation and the patient was treated with appropriate electrolyte correction and diuretic therapy.Twenty days after the fasciotomy,treatment with the Hoffman Type II External Fixation System was planned,but it was unable to be immobilized internally based on a new esophageal cancer diagnosis.We kept the external fixation for 1 year,and 3 years of follow-up showed improvement of the patient’s overall conditions and muscle strength.CONCLUSION For patients with thigh swelling,pain,anemia,and unstable vital signs,anterior femoral artery injury should be highly suspected.Once diagnosed,surgical treatment should be performed immediately and complications of artery rupture must be suspected and addressed in time.展开更多
Objective: to investigate the clinical effect of drug-coated balloon dilation in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery disease. Methods: 30 patients with femoral and popliteal artery disease who were treated in Ga...Objective: to investigate the clinical effect of drug-coated balloon dilation in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery disease. Methods: 30 patients with femoral and popliteal artery disease who were treated in Ganzhou City Hospital from November 2016 to October 2018 were selected as the research object. All patients were treated with drug-coated balloon dilatation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months after operation. The restenosis rate, late lumen loss and the rate of target lesion revascularization were counted. Results: all 30 patients successfully completed the operation with a success rate of 100%. 3 patients had hematoma at puncture site during perioperative period;The first-stage unblocking rate of target lesion was 86.67%, 66.67% and 53.33% at 6, 12 and 18 months after operation respectively. The restenosis rate was 30.00% within 18 months after operation. The late loss of lumen was (0.35±0.06)mm, (0.70±0.07)mm, (1.57±0.06)mm at 6, 12 and 18 months postoperatively. The vascular reconstruction rate of target lesion was 20.00% 6-18 months after operation. Conclusion: the drug-coated balloon dilatation has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery disease, which can potentially reduce the restenosis rate, late lumen loss and the target lesion revascularization rate. The effect is durable and has promotional value in clinical practice.展开更多
Objectives: The purpose of this work was to measure the dimensions of the femoral veins, to describe the affluent and the variations of the femoral veins. Methodology: Twenty-four femoral veins of 12 fresh adult cadav...Objectives: The purpose of this work was to measure the dimensions of the femoral veins, to describe the affluent and the variations of the femoral veins. Methodology: Twenty-four femoral veins of 12 fresh adult cadavers were dissected and photographed. Results: The diameter of the superficial, deep and common femoral veins was respectively 8.75 mm;7.60 mm and 13.95 mm. The common femoral vein was 80.70 mm long. At the level of the superficial vein, the modal disposition was noted in 79.17%;as anatomical variations, it was split in 2 cases, the presence of a collateral canal in 1 case and in 2, and it received a quadricipital muscle vein. At the level of the deep femoral vein, the modal disposition was noted in 16.67%, and the anatomical variations were noted in 83.33% where it received no affluent in the femoral trine. The modal disposition was noted in 91.67% at the level of the mode of birth of the common femoral vein, in 16.67% at the level of its tributaries. The anatomical variations were noted in 8.33% in the mode of birth of the femoral vein, in 83.33% in which the common femoral vein received, in addition to the large saphenous vein, other tributaries, the most frequent of which were the quadricipital veins and the circumflex femoral veins. Conclusion: The diameter of the femoral veins is important. The main tributaries of the common femoral vein are GVS, VQ and circumflex femoral veins. The femoral variations are numerous and important to know to avoid a possible misdiagnosis in case of their thrombosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND We report two cases of acute femoral artery occlusion following the use of ProGlide in minimally invasive cardiac surgery and insertion of large-bore catheters through the common femoral artery.This will ad...BACKGROUND We report two cases of acute femoral artery occlusion following the use of ProGlide in minimally invasive cardiac surgery and insertion of large-bore catheters through the common femoral artery.This will add to the existing body of literature by highlighting the possible complications associated with the use of ProGlide and reiterate that the use of the sono-guided ProGlide skill will reduce the incidence of these complications.CASE SUMMARY A 78-year-old man underwent minimally invasive cardiac surgery for severe aortic valve stenosis.After the operation,the puncture site of the common femoral artery was closed using ProGlide.The next morning,after regaining consciousness,he complained of pain,motor weakness(grade 2),and coldness in the right lower extremity.A 65-year-old man underwent minimally invasive cardiac surgery for a large secundum atrial septal defect(5 cm×5 cm).After the operation,the puncture site of the common femoral artery was closed using ProGlide.After extubation,the patient complained of paresthesia of the right thigh.Both the patients underwent emergency surgery for acute occlusion of the common femoral artery.CONCLUSION If the sono-guided ProGlide skill is used,complications can be prevented,and ProGlide can be safely used.展开更多
BACKGROUND In endovascular procedures including total percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair(pEVAR),percutaneous access through the common femoral artery is most commonly performed.Access-site bleeding is a major c...BACKGROUND In endovascular procedures including total percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair(pEVAR),percutaneous access through the common femoral artery is most commonly performed.Access-site bleeding is a major concern in percutaneous techniques.Herein,we present a case of successful control of continuous oozing using a vascular closure device(VCD)and the application of Surgicel(Johnson&Johnson,United States)over the access tract.CASE SUMMARY An 82-year-old man presented with an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 83 mm×75 mm.The patient had a medical history of atrial fibrillation and was receiving rivaroxaban(15 mg/d).Routine pEVAR was performed using the preclose technique with ProGlide(Abbott,Santa Clara,CA,United States).Significant amount of bleeding was observed at the end of the procedure after the deployment of the closure device at the access site.A sheet of Surgicel was applied to the suture thread using a surgical needle.Surgicel was applied to the surface of the artery along the access tract using a pusher,and hemostasis was immediately attained.CONCLUSION This simple technique is an excellent adjunct to control residual bleeding from the access site following VCD use.展开更多
Since 1995, the Chinese herbal medicine for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation combined with injection of ahylsantinfarctase into the femoral artery has been used in 28 cases of diabetes complicated... Since 1995, the Chinese herbal medicine for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation combined with injection of ahylsantinfarctase into the femoral artery has been used in 28 cases of diabetes complicated with gangrene and ulcer of the foot, with quite good therapeutic effects as reported in the following.……展开更多
BACKGROUND Infectious common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by Klebsiellapulmonary infection is a relatively infrequent entity but is potentially life andlimb threatening. The management of infectious pseudoaneu...BACKGROUND Infectious common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by Klebsiellapulmonary infection is a relatively infrequent entity but is potentially life andlimb threatening. The management of infectious pseudoaneurysm remainscontroversial.CASE SUMMARY We reported a 79-year-old man with previous Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonaryinfection and multiple comorbidities who presented with a progressive pulsatemass at the right groin and with right lower limb pain. Computed tomographyangiography showed a 6 cm × 6 cm × 9 cm pseudoaneurysm of the right commonfemoral artery accompanied by occlusion of the right superficial femoral arteryand deep femoral artery. He underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) withstent–graft, and etiology of infectious pseudoaneurysm was confirmed. Then, 3-mo antibiotic therapy was given. One-year follow-up showed the stent–graft waspatent and complete removal of surrounding hematoma.CONCLUSION The femoral artery pseudoaneurysm can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniaederiving from the pulmonary infection. Moreover, this unusual case highlights theuse of EVT and prolonged antibiotic therapy for infectious pseudoaneurysm.展开更多
基金funded by R.D.H.,P.B.,A.S.W. and Z.W,Heart Foundation Vanguard Grant#107321funded by contributions from The Baird Institute for applied Heart and Lung Research.
文摘Objective:Sheep are commonly used as large animal pre-clinical models for inves-tigating cardiovascular therapies,interventions,anatomy and physiology.Further,novel small diameter vascular grafts are frequently tested via implantation into sheep carotid arteries(CAs).This is because,unlike humans,acute occlusion of one or both sheep CAs is not associated with morbidity or mortality and thus provides safer experimental testing,with reduced ethical constraints,animal numbers and costs.However,to date there has been no evidence regarding sheep tolerance of femoral artery(FA)occlusion.Methods:In this study,seven sheep underwent CA graft surgery,with digital subtrac-tion angiography(DSA)of the CAs performed every 2 months via femoral access,for a total of 8 months.Four months into the study,the left FA of two sheep became inac-cessible due to a suspected FA occlusion.Thus,femoral angiography was performed,followed by FA dissection,FA histology and retrospective analysis of both veterinar-ian animal monitoring and pain scores.Results:FA angiography and histology confirmed complete left FA occlusion in two sheep.Retrospective animal monitoring demonstrated sheep with occluded FAs did not display increased pain scores or deleterious effects on their gait or wellbeing.Conclusion:Our data shows that sheep tolerate FA occlusion with no symptoms,similar to their cerebral circulation,making them an appropriate model for assessing small diameter femoral graft interposition studies and testing other cardiovascular interventions.
文摘Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model, the “lytic circle' method was used to determine plasma levels of r SAK. Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the control (saline 10 ml, 30 min), r SAK low dose (0.25 mg/kg, 30 min), medial dose (0.50 mg/kg, 30 min), high dose (1.00 mg/kg, 30 min), single bolus (0.50 mg/kg, 2 min) and conjunctive therapy (initiated with heparin 200 U/kg, followed by infusion of r SAK 0.50 mg/kg for 30 min, and subsequently infused heparin 50 U/(kg·h) to endpoint) groups. The right femoral artery thrombosis model in rabbit was made by balloon injury, then the thrombolytic agents were infused through parallel ear vein and the blood samples were collected pre thrombolysis and at different time post thrombolysis to determine the plasma levels of r SAK by “lytic circle' method, the plasma levels of r SAK were processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure to fit the model. Results: The plasma levels of r SAK and the diameters of lytic circles showed a pretty good linear correlation under the scope of 2.0×10 4 2.0×10 6 U/L, and the averaged recycle rate was (96.05±11.35)%(RSD =±11.82%).All peak concentration time in each infusion group was 30 min, and the peak concentrations positively correlated with the doses administrated in infusion groups(r=0.999 98, P <0.000 1). In single bolus group, Peak concentration time was 2 min, and the peak concentration reached (5.16±1.02) mg/L, which was significant higher than that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P <0.01). In conjunctive therapy group, the peak concentration showed no significant difference from that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P >0.05). The plasma levels of r SAK fit in two compartment model as processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure in each group. Conclusion: The “lytic circle' method is a simple, practical and reliable method to determine the plasma level of r SAK, and the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK infusion fits in two compartment model in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model.
文摘BACKGROUND Branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery(LCFA) stretch across the surgical field during a direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. It is an anatomical marker in direct anterior approach. As an important vessel around the hip joint,this vessel was ligated in most situations. Although ligation of the vascular pedicle of the LCFA is a common, traditional procedure used to decrease bleeding, the ligation of the pedicle of the vessel is tedious and time-consuming.AIM To explore whether this ligation is truly necessary in a direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty.METHODS This single-center, single-surgeon, prospective study was performed to compare patients' bleeding undergoing ligation of the branches of the LCFA pedicle(group A) vs those treated with electrocautery from the branches of the LCFA(group B). In both groups, the pedicles were identified in the intermuscular plane between the tensor fasciae lata and the rectus femoris muscles. In group A, the pedicles were ligated with a silk ligature. In group B, the branches coming off the LCFA were controlled with electrocautery. We compared preoperative vs postoperative changes in blood hemoglobin levels, intraoperative blood loss,operative time, rates of transfusion, re-bleeding, and hematoma between the two groups.RESULTS The reduction of hemoglobin in group A was 20.9 ± 7.0, and in group B it was 21.2 ± 4.9. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). The actual calculated blood loss in group A was 784 ± 125 mL,and in group B it was 722 ± 153 mL. There was a trend in group A having more blood loss(P = 0.078). The estimated blood loss in group A was 344 ± 88 mL, and in group B it was 346 ± 73 mL. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P = 0.883). In addition, there were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative transfusion(10% vs 6.7%, P > 0.05),postoperative hematomas(6.7% vs 13.3%, P > 0.05), or re-bleeding(13.3% vs 20%,P > 0.05) between the two groups.CONCLUSION Ligation of the pedicle of the LCFA has no advantage in preventing or decreasing bleeding during or after a total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach. Ligation of the pedicle of the vessel is a cumbersome, unnecessary procedure and can be replaced by electrocautery control of the branches off this artery that course through the surgical field.
文摘This paper presents the development of the blood flow simulation in two dimensions over the real geometry of the femoral artery. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, to obtain the distributions of the blood pressure and flow velocity in multiple instants of time and different places of the femoral artery and thus determine the current condition of the blood vessels. The velocity field shows a laminar behavior,where, the velocity is higher in the center of the artery and decreases as the blood flow approaches artery walls. In spite of all artery and blood flow properties not being considered, the values of pressure and velocity obtained are within the normal ranges. Finally the model is used to verify if there exist irregularities in the blood flow in both healthy subjects and sick patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of pseudoaneurysms after DES placement is rarely reported in the lower extremity region,although there have been several reports on pseudoaneurysm formation after DES placement in the coronary artery region.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with fever and pain in his left hand after dialysis.Bacteremia was diagnosed by blood culture,and after admission,he developed pain on the medial side of the right thigh.A pseudoaneurysm was observed in the right superficial femoral artery(SFA)at the proximal end of a previously placed DES.The bacteremia was thought to have been caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery,and the pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery was removed after antibiotic treatment.The pseudoaneurysm of the right SFA rapidly expanded after admission,but the expansion rate was reduced after infection control.Seven months after the first admission,the pseudoaneurysm of the left SFA was re-moved and in situ revascularization performed using a rifampicin-soaked Dacron graft.CONCLUSION Although pseudoaneurysm after DES placement in the lower extremity region is rare,it must be considered in patients with bacteremia.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe bleeding as a result of a major vascular injury is a potentially fatal event commonly observed in the emergency department.Bowel necrosis and gastric ulcers secondary to ischemia are rare due to their rich blood supply.In this case,we present the case of a patient who was treated successfully following rupture of his femoral artery resulting in bowel necrosis and an unusually large gastric ulcer.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old male patient sustained a knife stab wound to the right thigh,causing rupture of his femoral artery and leading to massive bleeding.He underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and received a large blood transfusion.Abdominal surgeries confirmed bowel necrosis,and jejunostomy was performed.The necrotic intestine was removed,the remaining intestine was anastomosed,and the right thigh was amputated.After three surgeries,the patient's overall condition gradually improved,and the patient was discharged from the hospital.However,one day after discharge,the patient was admitted again due to dizziness and melena,and a gastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant banded ulcer.After 2 weeks of treatment,the ulcer had decreased in size without bleeding.Six months after the last surgery,enterostomy and reintroduction surgery were completed.The patient was fitted with a right lower limb prosthesis one year after surgery.After 3 years of follow-up,the patient did not complain of discomfort.CONCLUSION Trauma department physicians need to be aware of the possible serious complications involving the abdomen of trauma patients with massive bleeding.
文摘Objective This study reportsthe initial and late results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and intravascular stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac and femoral arteries. Methods and Results From December 1994 to March 1997, we performed iliac and femoral artery angioplasty and primary intravascular stent placement in 37 vessel of 33 patients (19 men and 14 women; mean age, 70. 5 years). A total of 43 self - expanding Wallstents (Boston, Inc. ) were deployed. All patients underwent angioplasty and stent placement successfully. Clinical follow - up was available for all patients at a mean of 26±14months. All patient clinical is-chemic category (claudication or rest pain) was improved. Angiographic follow - up was completed for 17 of 23 patients at a mean follow-up of 10±5 months, The iliac artery restenosis rate was 0(0/8). The femoral artery restenosis rate was 33 % (3/9), All 3 patients underwent repeat balloon angioplasty successfully. Conclusion The iliac and femoral arteries can be performed and reasonable early and late patency rates.
文摘Objective: to judge the possible peripheral vascular complications of patients in the process of treatment and complete nursing intervention. Methods: the patients in the control group received routine nursing, and the patients in the observation group received complication nursing. Results: the complications, nursing satisfaction and quality of life in the observation group were better than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: based on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with femoral artery intervention, with the help of complication nursing, the complications of patients can be reduced, and then the satisfaction and quality of life can be improved.
文摘Background Femoral artery thrombosis is one of the most common complications of catheterizations in infants and young children. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy for femoral artery thrombosis after left cardiac catheterization in children. Methods Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase was carried out in children with femoral artery thrombosis after left cardiac catheterization. Each patient was given a bolus injection of heparin （100 U/kg）. A bolus of urokinase （30 000 - 100 000 U） was injected intravenously, and then a continuous infusion of 10 000-50 000 U/h was administered. Transcatheter thrombolysis was performed once previous procedures failed. Results Eight patients （aged （3.1±2.3） years （8 months to 7 years）, body weight （13.1±4.2） kg （7 to 20 kg）） presented lower limbs ischemia after left cardiac catheterizations was performed. Seven patients accepted thrombolytic therapy with urokinase. In 5 patients, peripheral intravenous thrombolysis was successful with restoration of a normal pulse. In the other 3 cases, peripheral intravenous thrombolysis failed, followed by successful transcatheter thrombolysis. The average duration of therapy was （7.25±5.31） hours （1-17 hours）. The average doses of heparin and urokinase were （1600±723） U （800-3000 U） and （268 571±177 240） U （50 000-500 000 U）, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in partial thromboplastin time before and during urokinase therapy （（40.6±22.3） to （49.9±39.2） seconds）. However, the prothrombin time was significantly longer （（12.7±2.58） to （48.1±18.6） seconds, P〈0.05）. Patency of the target vessel was evaluated in all the patients for 2 weeks and no occlusion recurred. Conclusion Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase is a safe and useful modality in children with femoral artery thrombosis after left cardiac catheterization.
文摘Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by invasive procedures is one of the common complications for endovascular interventions.We present a case of a young male with a complex iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm as a result of iatrogenic femoral artery puncture.The defective femoral artery was repaired with combined bovine pericardial tube and autologous great saphenous vein grafts.Computed tomography angiography showed the grafts were still patent one year after the surgery.
文摘Severe diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the lower limb is rarely seen among young people and sometimes can be a fatal challenge for operation.We reported a case of diffuse cavernous hemangioma invol-ving both skin and muscles of the left lower limb and perineal region in an adolescent patient.The patient who had previously undergone a local hemangioma resection of the foot ultimately ended in superficial femoral artery ligation and supergenual thigh amputation of the left upper leg because of uncontrollable massive bleeding of anastomotic stoma.
基金iVascular,S.L.U.,Camíde Can Ubach,11–Nave 3,08620 Sant Vicençdels Horts,Barcelona,Spain。
文摘Background:The efficacy of balloon angioplasty for treating peripheral artery disease is influenced by various factors,some of them not yet totally understood.This study aimed to evaluate the role of elastin content in vascular responses 28 days postangioplasty using uncoated and paclitaxel-coated balloons with the same platform in femoral arteries of a healthy porcine model.Methods:Eight animals underwent balloon angioplasty on the external and internal branches of femoral arteries.Histopathologic evaluation was conducted at follow-up to assess the elastin content,vascular damage,morphological features,and neointimal formation.Results:The elastin content was significantly higher in the external than in the internal femoral artery(p=0.0014).After balloon angioplasty,it was inversely correlated with vascular injury score(ρ=−0.4510,p=0.0096),neointimal inflammation(ρ=−0.3352,p=0.0607),transmural(ρ=−0.4474,p=0.0103)and circumferential(ρ=−0.4591,p=0.0082)smooth muscle cell loss,presence of proteoglycans(ρ=−0.5172,p=0.0024),fibrin deposition(ρ=−0.3496,p=0.0499),and adventitial fibrosis(ρ=−0.6229,p=0.0002).Neointimal formation inhibition with paclitaxel was evident only in arteries with disruption of the internal elastic lamina,with a significant smaller neointimal area in arteries treated with paclitaxel-coated balloons compared to uncoated balloons(median[Q1–Q3]:10.25[7.49–15.64]vs.24.44[18.96–30.52],p=0.0434).Conclusions:Elastin content varies between branches of the femoral artery and significantly influences the integrity of the internal elastic lamina,the vessel's adaptive response,and paclitaxel efficacy after balloon angioplasty.
文摘Objective: To study surgical management for pati ents with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods: Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneury sm resulting from addictive drug injection were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients underwent bypass graft (end to side) of external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery using expanded polytetr afluoroethylene (ePTFE). Three patients who had an autogenous saphenous vein gra ft in situs,one of whom was then performed an ePTFE graft when rupture and blee ding occurred at the anastomotic site. Color Doppler image showed patent grafted blood vessels in all the patients after operation. Eighteen patients had their femoral arteries ligated. Limbs of all the 34 patients were saved. Conclusions: Ligating femoral artery is an effective way to tre at femoral artery pseudoaneurysm if autogenous saphenous vein graft or artificia l vessel graft is not applicable.
文摘BACKGROUND Vascular injury is a rare complication of femoral shaft fractures,and rupture of the deep femoral artery is more difficult to diagnose because of its anatomical location and symptoms.Despite its low incidence,deep femoral artery rupture can lead to life-threatening outcomes,such as compartment syndrome,making early identification and diagnosis critical.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to right lower limb trauma in a car accident,with complaints of severe pain and swelling on his right thigh.X-ray demonstrated a right femoral shaft fracture.During preparation for emergency surgery,his blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation dropped,and sensorimotor function was lost.Computed tomography angiography was performed immediately to confirm the diagnosis of rupture of the deep femoral artery and compartment syndrome,so fasciotomy and vacuum-assisted closure were performed.Rhabdomyolysis took place after the operation and the patient was treated with appropriate electrolyte correction and diuretic therapy.Twenty days after the fasciotomy,treatment with the Hoffman Type II External Fixation System was planned,but it was unable to be immobilized internally based on a new esophageal cancer diagnosis.We kept the external fixation for 1 year,and 3 years of follow-up showed improvement of the patient’s overall conditions and muscle strength.CONCLUSION For patients with thigh swelling,pain,anemia,and unstable vital signs,anterior femoral artery injury should be highly suspected.Once diagnosed,surgical treatment should be performed immediately and complications of artery rupture must be suspected and addressed in time.
文摘Objective: to investigate the clinical effect of drug-coated balloon dilation in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery disease. Methods: 30 patients with femoral and popliteal artery disease who were treated in Ganzhou City Hospital from November 2016 to October 2018 were selected as the research object. All patients were treated with drug-coated balloon dilatation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months after operation. The restenosis rate, late lumen loss and the rate of target lesion revascularization were counted. Results: all 30 patients successfully completed the operation with a success rate of 100%. 3 patients had hematoma at puncture site during perioperative period;The first-stage unblocking rate of target lesion was 86.67%, 66.67% and 53.33% at 6, 12 and 18 months after operation respectively. The restenosis rate was 30.00% within 18 months after operation. The late loss of lumen was (0.35±0.06)mm, (0.70±0.07)mm, (1.57±0.06)mm at 6, 12 and 18 months postoperatively. The vascular reconstruction rate of target lesion was 20.00% 6-18 months after operation. Conclusion: the drug-coated balloon dilatation has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery disease, which can potentially reduce the restenosis rate, late lumen loss and the target lesion revascularization rate. The effect is durable and has promotional value in clinical practice.
基金Professor Seydou Doumbia for his financial support to the article
文摘Objectives: The purpose of this work was to measure the dimensions of the femoral veins, to describe the affluent and the variations of the femoral veins. Methodology: Twenty-four femoral veins of 12 fresh adult cadavers were dissected and photographed. Results: The diameter of the superficial, deep and common femoral veins was respectively 8.75 mm;7.60 mm and 13.95 mm. The common femoral vein was 80.70 mm long. At the level of the superficial vein, the modal disposition was noted in 79.17%;as anatomical variations, it was split in 2 cases, the presence of a collateral canal in 1 case and in 2, and it received a quadricipital muscle vein. At the level of the deep femoral vein, the modal disposition was noted in 16.67%, and the anatomical variations were noted in 83.33% where it received no affluent in the femoral trine. The modal disposition was noted in 91.67% at the level of the mode of birth of the common femoral vein, in 16.67% at the level of its tributaries. The anatomical variations were noted in 8.33% in the mode of birth of the femoral vein, in 83.33% in which the common femoral vein received, in addition to the large saphenous vein, other tributaries, the most frequent of which were the quadricipital veins and the circumflex femoral veins. Conclusion: The diameter of the femoral veins is important. The main tributaries of the common femoral vein are GVS, VQ and circumflex femoral veins. The femoral variations are numerous and important to know to avoid a possible misdiagnosis in case of their thrombosis.
文摘BACKGROUND We report two cases of acute femoral artery occlusion following the use of ProGlide in minimally invasive cardiac surgery and insertion of large-bore catheters through the common femoral artery.This will add to the existing body of literature by highlighting the possible complications associated with the use of ProGlide and reiterate that the use of the sono-guided ProGlide skill will reduce the incidence of these complications.CASE SUMMARY A 78-year-old man underwent minimally invasive cardiac surgery for severe aortic valve stenosis.After the operation,the puncture site of the common femoral artery was closed using ProGlide.The next morning,after regaining consciousness,he complained of pain,motor weakness(grade 2),and coldness in the right lower extremity.A 65-year-old man underwent minimally invasive cardiac surgery for a large secundum atrial septal defect(5 cm×5 cm).After the operation,the puncture site of the common femoral artery was closed using ProGlide.After extubation,the patient complained of paresthesia of the right thigh.Both the patients underwent emergency surgery for acute occlusion of the common femoral artery.CONCLUSION If the sono-guided ProGlide skill is used,complications can be prevented,and ProGlide can be safely used.
文摘BACKGROUND In endovascular procedures including total percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair(pEVAR),percutaneous access through the common femoral artery is most commonly performed.Access-site bleeding is a major concern in percutaneous techniques.Herein,we present a case of successful control of continuous oozing using a vascular closure device(VCD)and the application of Surgicel(Johnson&Johnson,United States)over the access tract.CASE SUMMARY An 82-year-old man presented with an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 83 mm×75 mm.The patient had a medical history of atrial fibrillation and was receiving rivaroxaban(15 mg/d).Routine pEVAR was performed using the preclose technique with ProGlide(Abbott,Santa Clara,CA,United States).Significant amount of bleeding was observed at the end of the procedure after the deployment of the closure device at the access site.A sheet of Surgicel was applied to the suture thread using a surgical needle.Surgicel was applied to the surface of the artery along the access tract using a pusher,and hemostasis was immediately attained.CONCLUSION This simple technique is an excellent adjunct to control residual bleeding from the access site following VCD use.
文摘 Since 1995, the Chinese herbal medicine for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation combined with injection of ahylsantinfarctase into the femoral artery has been used in 28 cases of diabetes complicated with gangrene and ulcer of the foot, with quite good therapeutic effects as reported in the following.……
基金Supported by Sichuan Foundationof Science and Technology, No.2019YJ0066.
文摘BACKGROUND Infectious common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by Klebsiellapulmonary infection is a relatively infrequent entity but is potentially life andlimb threatening. The management of infectious pseudoaneurysm remainscontroversial.CASE SUMMARY We reported a 79-year-old man with previous Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonaryinfection and multiple comorbidities who presented with a progressive pulsatemass at the right groin and with right lower limb pain. Computed tomographyangiography showed a 6 cm × 6 cm × 9 cm pseudoaneurysm of the right commonfemoral artery accompanied by occlusion of the right superficial femoral arteryand deep femoral artery. He underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) withstent–graft, and etiology of infectious pseudoaneurysm was confirmed. Then, 3-mo antibiotic therapy was given. One-year follow-up showed the stent–graft waspatent and complete removal of surrounding hematoma.CONCLUSION The femoral artery pseudoaneurysm can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniaederiving from the pulmonary infection. Moreover, this unusual case highlights theuse of EVT and prolonged antibiotic therapy for infectious pseudoaneurysm.
