Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the t...Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.展开更多
Global food production is expected to double by 2050 for feeding 9 billion people（Godfray et al.2010）,but yields had stagnated or even collapsed in 24–39%of crop-growing areas over the period 1961–2008（Ray et al....Global food production is expected to double by 2050 for feeding 9 billion people（Godfray et al.2010）,but yields had stagnated or even collapsed in 24–39%of crop-growing areas over the period 1961–2008（Ray et al.2012）,展开更多
This paper proposes a down-stroke abrasive belt grinding under micro feeding for noise reduction surface.Firstly,a physical model of processing under micro feeding for noise reduction structure was established.Based o...This paper proposes a down-stroke abrasive belt grinding under micro feeding for noise reduction surface.Firstly,a physical model of processing under micro feeding for noise reduction structure was established.Based on the flexible contact characteristics of abrasive belt grinding and Hertz contact theory,a mathematical model suitable for this method was established,considering vibration and abrasive belt wear.Secondly,a simulation analysis was carried out.Then,an experimental platform was built to analyze the influence of process parameters on surface roughness and surface microstructure,with the model verified.Finally,the propeller with pit structure was simulated,and the noise reduction performance of the propeller under this method and general abrasive belt grinding was compared and analyzed.The results show that the maximum error of the model based on proposed method does not exceed 10%,and the coincidence degree of the minimum error point can reach 90%at lower feed speed and higher linear velocity of the abrasive belt.The noise reduction effect of the propeller with pit-shaped surfaces can reach 35%.Through the above analysis,the proposed method can be used for the processing of noise reduction surfaces.展开更多
The aims of this study were to achieve working stability and continuity of the straw fibre extruder(D200)to improve the transportation efficiency of pretreated straw materials mulch film.Based on a theoretical analysi...The aims of this study were to achieve working stability and continuity of the straw fibre extruder(D200)to improve the transportation efficiency of pretreated straw materials mulch film.Based on a theoretical analysis of wheat straw friction characteristics and the mechanics model of wheat straw transport,a tilting variable-diameter spiral feeding device matched the designed straw fibre extruder(D200-type).Experimental researches were performed by using the orthogonal test method of the L16(45)to obtain the optimal parameter combination.The spiral angle,the speed of the screw shaft and the moisture content of straw raw materials were selected as influencing factors,and feeding efficiency was selected as the objective indicator.The results showed that the spiral angle,the rotating speed of screw shaft and the moisture content of straw raw materials had very significant effects on the feeding efficiency(p<0.01).The order of the extent of the influence of parameters on the feeding efficiency of wheat straw raw materials from high to low was the moisture content,the spiral angle and the speed of screw shaft.When the maximum transfer efficiency per unit time of the inclined spiral feeding device was 1040.8 kg·h-1,the spiral angle was 40?,the speed of screw shaft was 200 r·min-1 and the moisture content was 65%.Verification experiment proved the feasibility of straw fibre extruder designed.展开更多
The feeding habits of the cichlid Tilapia zillii (Gervais) in Lake Kinneret (Israel) were experimentally studied in indoor glass containers (2.5 hrs) and two trials in outdoor 5 m3 tanks (20 - 25 days). The trait of f...The feeding habits of the cichlid Tilapia zillii (Gervais) in Lake Kinneret (Israel) were experimentally studied in indoor glass containers (2.5 hrs) and two trials in outdoor 5 m3 tanks (20 - 25 days). The trait of food particle collection by adult fishes was measured. A survey was carried out in the littoral (0 - 1.0 m deep) zone and fingerlings were sampled by electro-chocker. The gut content of the fingerlings was analyzed. The feeding habits of T. zillii were indicated as planktivorous filtration with more enhancements of small zooplankters (Nauplius, Brachionid rotifers) and fewer of Cladocerans suppressions.展开更多
In the face of constantly changing environments,the central nervous system(CNS)rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs,regulates feeding behavior,and maintains energy homeostasis.The arcuate nucleus of ...In the face of constantly changing environments,the central nervous system(CNS)rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs,regulates feeding behavior,and maintains energy homeostasis.The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus(ARC)plays a key role in this process,serv-ing as a critical brain region for detecting nutrition-related hormones and regulating appetite and energy homeostasis.Agouti-related protein(AgRP)/neuropeptide Y(NPY)neu-rons in the ARC are core elements that interact with other brain regions through a complex appetite-regulating network to comprehensively control energy homeostasis.In this review,we explore the discovery and research progress of AgRP neurons in regulating feeding and energy metabolism.In addition,recent advances in terms of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis,along with the redundant neural mecha-nisms involved in energy metabolism,are discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the field of neural regula-tion of feeding and energy metabolism are briefly discussed.展开更多
Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To prov...Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.展开更多
This minireview synthesizes literature on the use of feeding jejunostomy tubes(FJTs)in the postoperative management of gastroesophageal cancer patients.Gastrectomy and esophagectomy remain the primary curative treatme...This minireview synthesizes literature on the use of feeding jejunostomy tubes(FJTs)in the postoperative management of gastroesophageal cancer patients.Gastrectomy and esophagectomy remain the primary curative treatments for gastric and esophageal cancers,respectively,but are frequently accompanied by significant postoperative malnutrition,which adversely impacts surgical and oncological outcomes as well as patients’quality of life.To address this,the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Surgery and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend early enteral feeding through FJT placement following major surgery.While previous studies have demonstrated that FJT is an effective and reliable route for nutritional support,its placement is invasive and carries associated risks.Consequently,many clinicians opt for less invasive alternatives such as total parenteral nutrition or nasogastric tube feeding,although these approaches yield variable results.This review explores the benefits and potential complications of FJT placement,identifies variability in clinical adoption and the absence of standardized protocols,and highlights areas for future research to optimize patient care in this challenging context.展开更多
Globally,gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Gastrectomy combined with periop-erative chemotherapy is currently the standard of care in loca...Globally,gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Gastrectomy combined with periop-erative chemotherapy is currently the standard of care in locally advanced stages,but the completion rate of multimodal approach is influenced also by patient related factors.Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor associated with poor oncological outcomes.Its perioperative supplementation could lead to an im-provement of the nutritional status.This article reviews and comments the retro-spective study conducted by Jaquet et al,which evaluates the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.The authors included 172 patients,35%of whom received jejunostomy.Patients with optimized biological nutritional parameters(body mass index,albumin,prealbumin)showed reduced major complications(>III),according to the Dindo-Clavien classification,0(0%)vs 8(4.7%)(P=0.05).In the era of multimodal treatment,optimization of nutritional and performance status is integral part of the therapeutic strategy.展开更多
Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typicall...Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes:barn feeding(BF)and traditional grazing(TG).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology,microbiome,metabolome,and transcriptome.Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups(BF vs.TG).At the end of the experiment,rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation.Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep.Results The ruminal papilla height,width,and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group.The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group,whereas Rikenellaceae,Gracilibacteria,and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group.Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups,including upregulated compounds in BF group(fumaric acid,maltose,L-phenylalanine,and L-alanine)and TG group(e.g.,phenylacetic acid,salicyluric acid and ferulic acid).These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways.Additionally,210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in rumen epithelium:100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways(e.g.,fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway),while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways(e.g.,p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism).Conclusions Among these,we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions.In the BF group,Tibetan sheep adopted a"metabolic efficiency-priority"strategy,driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth.In contrast,the TG group exhibited an"environmental adaptation-priority"strategy,where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions,reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.展开更多
The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs.A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking,complicating the inference of the precise ecological ro...The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs.A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking,complicating the inference of the precise ecological roles of radular structures.This study presents the first experimental set-up that allows to study the influence of the radular morphology,specifically the degree of tooth-tooth interlocking(so-called collective effect),on the feeding efficiency.For this purpose,physical 3D models of the teeth were designed using CAD software and 3D printing technique.The feeding efficiencies with models of different degree of interlocking were determined by tensile tests,pulling the models trough agar gels with different viscosities.The forces generated by the models and the masses of the removed gel fragments were determined.We found,that radular models with a high degree of tooth–tooth interlocking performed best as they were able to remove most agar.We additionally broke the teeth and determined,that the teeth with the highest degree of interlocking could resist to highest force.Overall,the study highlights the complex interplay between radular morphology and its ecological function,suggesting that even minor morphological alterations can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of food gathering.Understanding these interactions cannot only shed light on the ecological adaptations of molluscs,but provide further insights into development of more effective grinding,scraping,and cleaning technical devices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to im...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC.Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home.The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.AIM To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.METHODS Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery.Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.RESULTS Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes:Self-management dilemmas,distressing experiences,and self-management facilitators.CONCLUSION There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC.Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.展开更多
In view of the demand for intelligent upgrading of quartz crucible manufacturing equipment,this study proposes a design scheme of large-scale quartz crucible feeding frame system with innovative structure,and analyzes...In view of the demand for intelligent upgrading of quartz crucible manufacturing equipment,this study proposes a design scheme of large-scale quartz crucible feeding frame system with innovative structure,and analyzes the vibration characteristics of this structure in view of the large vibration and instability during operation.In order to study the relationship between the operating vibration and the natural frequency and avoid resonance,the calculated mode was analyzed via ANSYS Workbench,and the experimental mode results were obtained by using percussion test and compared with the calculated mode.It is concluded that the natural frequencies of the first six orders of the large quartz crucible feeding frame are between 5.13 and 23.29,and the main deformation is distributed at the end of the turning mechanism.The analysis results show that the first-order natural frequency of the system has a safety margin of 1.55 times comparing with the working frequency of the drive motor(12 Hz),which effectively avoids the risk of resonance.The feeding frame adopts a double-column truss composite structure,and the layout of the specially designed stiffener network and high-precision guide rails ensures the lightweight structure and significantly improves the dynamic stability of the system.The practical effect of the large-scale quartz crucible feeding frame shows that the structural design is successful,and has reference significance for the structural design of the same type of automatic manufacturing equipment.展开更多
Rotational feeding combined with shift feeding electrochemical trepanning(RF-SF ECTr)is an effective method for machining aeroengine blisks.However,given the variable relative motion of the electrodes and the complex ...Rotational feeding combined with shift feeding electrochemical trepanning(RF-SF ECTr)is an effective method for machining aeroengine blisks.However,given the variable relative motion of the electrodes and the complex flow channels around the bending and twisting blades,the accessibility and uniformity of the flow field are poor in blisk RF-SF ECTr using the traditional electrolyte supply(TES)mode,resulting in poor machining stability and low machining efficiency.To improve the distribution of the flow field,a new multi-channel electrolyte supply(MCES)mode is proposed for blisk RF-SF ECTr,in which the position and volume of the electrolyte supply are controlled effectively by setting multiple inlet channels in the liquid inlet area.A flow-field simulation comparison between TES and MCES shows that better accessibility and uniformity of the flow-field distribution are achieved under MCES.To clarify further the flow-field distribution characteristics under RF-SF ECTr,a series of flow-field simulations was conducted at different machining depths.Based on the obtained dynamic change law for the flow field,to enhance further its uniformity and accessibility,a global coverage strategy for the electrolyte supply and a flow-field structure optimization method for MCES are proposed,which involve optimizing the number,diameter,and location of the inlet channels.After many simulations,the optimal MCES structure was achieved whereby the electrolyte covers all positions effectively in the processing area.To verify the proposed method as effective and correct,a series of RF-SF ECTr experiments was carried out.Under the optimized MCES mode,the feeding rate was increased from 0.8 mm/min with the TES mode to 2.0 mm/min,and the processing stability and efficiency were improved significantly.The methods presented here offer an effective guide for flow-field optimization when machining other components with complex spatial structures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal atresia(CIA)is a common intestinal malformation in the neonatal period,and surgery is currently the main treatment method.The choice of postoperative feeding is crucial for the recover...BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal atresia(CIA)is a common intestinal malformation in the neonatal period,and surgery is currently the main treatment method.The choice of postoperative feeding is crucial for the recovery of gastrointestinal function in children.AIM To compare and analyze the effects of different postoperative feeding methods on gastrointestinal function reconstruction in newborns with CIA.METHODS Twenty-six children diagnosed with neonatal CIA,treated with minimally invasive surgery at Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and May 2024,were selected for this single-center prospective randomized controlled study.They were divided into two groups using envelope randomization:Enteral nutrition(EN)group(n=13)and parenteral nutrition(PN)group(n=13).Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected,and recovery time of bowel sounds and time to first defecation were used as evaluation indices for gastrointestinal functional reconstruction.Differences between the groups were analyzed using t-test,χ2 test,and Fisher’s exact test.Spearman’s correlation tests and linear regression models were employed to analyze factors influencing time to first defecation.RESULTS The time to bowel sound recovery(51.54 vs 65.85,P=0.013)and first defecation(58.15 vs 76.62,P<0.001)was shorter in the EN group compared to the PN group.Clinical improvements in the EN group,including discharge weight(P=0.044),hospital stay(P=0.027),white blood cell count(P=0.023),albumin content(P=0.013),and direct bilirubin content(P=0.018),were also better than those in the PN group.No substantial differences in postoperative complications were found between the groups.Correlation analysis indicated that abdominal infection and operation time may relate to time to first defecation.Linear regression analysis demonstrated a considerable association between EN feeding and shorter time to first defecation.Abdominal infection and an operation time>2 hours may be risk factors for prolonged time to first defecation.CONCLUSION EN substantially promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function after CIA in neonates and can improve clinical outcomes in children.Future research should explore optimal EN practices to enhance clinical application and child health.展开更多
Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin re...Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin receptors,5-HT1A receptor and adrenergic α-2 receptor.In this review,we summarize recent findings that reveal the essential role of galanin in increasing food intake as well as body weight and that identify the individual galanin receptor subtypes involved in the brain＇s modulation of food intake and energy expenditure,to provide a theoretical basis for further studies of different aspects of galanin action.展开更多
In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）...In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）. Pigs in control group were fed with conventional diets, and 4% microbial fermentation feeds were added to the basal diet of experimental group to research on the effect of performance and meat quality of pig breeding. The results indicated that after feeding 106 d, compared to control group, the slaughter performance, meat quality and content of fatty acid and amino acid of experimental group were all better, its slaughter rate increased 1.53%, the carcass weight increased 2.75% and the backfat thickness decreased 0.02 cm. In addition, the pork meat in test group hadn＇t antibiotic and heavy metal residues, while it had higher color score, lower pH45min and pH24h value, better tenderness and rate of cooked meat and higher content of fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Microbial fermentation feed using in test group can significantly improved the flavor and aroma of pork, and eating this pork conducive more to human health. Thus, the application of microbial fermenta- tion feed can provide a more safe, healthy and nutritious flavor pork for human beings.展开更多
The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival...The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival rate was 100% in 96 hours. If the fish was acclimatized, it was still 100% in 42 days. The fish at the salinity of 0 - 16 grew faster than others; feeding rate varied as salinity changed, and the highest one was at salinity of 32 and the lowest one was at the salinity of 16. As to feed conversion efficiency, the highest one was at the salinity of 16, and the lowest one was at the salinity of 24. There were no significant differences among the treatments （P＆gt;0.05）. It was found that low salinity benefited for recovering albinism.展开更多
Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic ...Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic improvement. The genetic regulation is one of the major parts among the researches. This research reported the progress of the polymorphism of genes associated with appetite and its correla- tion with feeding habits, and summarized the studies on improvements of fish feed- ing and protein sources of the artificial feeding in order to provide theoretic basis for cultivating the improved varieties in feeding habit.展开更多
Aiming at the turning motion＇s disadvantages,including the instability of charge magazine caused by polygon effect and the disability of synchronously pushing modular charge of the current pushing mechanism,a new typ...Aiming at the turning motion＇s disadvantages,including the instability of charge magazine caused by polygon effect and the disability of synchronously pushing modular charge of the current pushing mechanism,a new type of charge feeding mechanism is designed.It can not only select modular charge rapidly and steadily,but also push a certain amount of modular charge into the tray which is used to receive the charge synchronously.The selection and push principles of feeding mechanism are introduced,and a three-dimensional model is established.ADAMS is applied to simulation analysis of the feeding mechanism.The results show that the feeding mechanism can push the modular charge into the reception tray rapidly and steadily,which provides a theoretical basis for the practical design.展开更多
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2008AA03A238)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005186)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No. 2007B39)
文摘Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.
文摘Global food production is expected to double by 2050 for feeding 9 billion people（Godfray et al.2010）,but yields had stagnated or even collapsed in 24–39%of crop-growing areas over the period 1961–2008（Ray et al.2012）,
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1908232)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017-VII-0002-0095)+2 种基金Graduate scientific research and innovation foundation of Chongqing(CYB20009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M673126)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyj-bshX0128).
文摘This paper proposes a down-stroke abrasive belt grinding under micro feeding for noise reduction surface.Firstly,a physical model of processing under micro feeding for noise reduction structure was established.Based on the flexible contact characteristics of abrasive belt grinding and Hertz contact theory,a mathematical model suitable for this method was established,considering vibration and abrasive belt wear.Secondly,a simulation analysis was carried out.Then,an experimental platform was built to analyze the influence of process parameters on surface roughness and surface microstructure,with the model verified.Finally,the propeller with pit structure was simulated,and the noise reduction performance of the propeller under this method and general abrasive belt grinding was compared and analyzed.The results show that the maximum error of the model based on proposed method does not exceed 10%,and the coincidence degree of the minimum error point can reach 90%at lower feed speed and higher linear velocity of the abrasive belt.The noise reduction effect of the propeller with pit-shaped surfaces can reach 35%.Through the above analysis,the proposed method can be used for the processing of noise reduction surfaces.
基金Supported by Integrated Research and Demonstration of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Reduction Technology for Soybean in Northeast China(2018YFD0201004)Funding from the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(GARS-04)。
文摘The aims of this study were to achieve working stability and continuity of the straw fibre extruder(D200)to improve the transportation efficiency of pretreated straw materials mulch film.Based on a theoretical analysis of wheat straw friction characteristics and the mechanics model of wheat straw transport,a tilting variable-diameter spiral feeding device matched the designed straw fibre extruder(D200-type).Experimental researches were performed by using the orthogonal test method of the L16(45)to obtain the optimal parameter combination.The spiral angle,the speed of the screw shaft and the moisture content of straw raw materials were selected as influencing factors,and feeding efficiency was selected as the objective indicator.The results showed that the spiral angle,the rotating speed of screw shaft and the moisture content of straw raw materials had very significant effects on the feeding efficiency(p<0.01).The order of the extent of the influence of parameters on the feeding efficiency of wheat straw raw materials from high to low was the moisture content,the spiral angle and the speed of screw shaft.When the maximum transfer efficiency per unit time of the inclined spiral feeding device was 1040.8 kg·h-1,the spiral angle was 40?,the speed of screw shaft was 200 r·min-1 and the moisture content was 65%.Verification experiment proved the feasibility of straw fibre extruder designed.
文摘The feeding habits of the cichlid Tilapia zillii (Gervais) in Lake Kinneret (Israel) were experimentally studied in indoor glass containers (2.5 hrs) and two trials in outdoor 5 m3 tanks (20 - 25 days). The trait of food particle collection by adult fishes was measured. A survey was carried out in the littoral (0 - 1.0 m deep) zone and fingerlings were sampled by electro-chocker. The gut content of the fingerlings was analyzed. The feeding habits of T. zillii were indicated as planktivorous filtration with more enhancements of small zooplankters (Nauplius, Brachionid rotifers) and fewer of Cladocerans suppressions.
基金supported by Grants from the Research Funds of the Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM(QYPY20220018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822026,32271063,31500860,and 32100821)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project of China(2021ZD0203900).
文摘In the face of constantly changing environments,the central nervous system(CNS)rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs,regulates feeding behavior,and maintains energy homeostasis.The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus(ARC)plays a key role in this process,serv-ing as a critical brain region for detecting nutrition-related hormones and regulating appetite and energy homeostasis.Agouti-related protein(AgRP)/neuropeptide Y(NPY)neu-rons in the ARC are core elements that interact with other brain regions through a complex appetite-regulating network to comprehensively control energy homeostasis.In this review,we explore the discovery and research progress of AgRP neurons in regulating feeding and energy metabolism.In addition,recent advances in terms of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis,along with the redundant neural mecha-nisms involved in energy metabolism,are discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the field of neural regula-tion of feeding and energy metabolism are briefly discussed.
基金funded by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41706142 and 32071615)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-49)the Funding for School-Level Research Projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology(No.XJR2021035)。
文摘Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.
文摘This minireview synthesizes literature on the use of feeding jejunostomy tubes(FJTs)in the postoperative management of gastroesophageal cancer patients.Gastrectomy and esophagectomy remain the primary curative treatments for gastric and esophageal cancers,respectively,but are frequently accompanied by significant postoperative malnutrition,which adversely impacts surgical and oncological outcomes as well as patients’quality of life.To address this,the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Surgery and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend early enteral feeding through FJT placement following major surgery.While previous studies have demonstrated that FJT is an effective and reliable route for nutritional support,its placement is invasive and carries associated risks.Consequently,many clinicians opt for less invasive alternatives such as total parenteral nutrition or nasogastric tube feeding,although these approaches yield variable results.This review explores the benefits and potential complications of FJT placement,identifies variability in clinical adoption and the absence of standardized protocols,and highlights areas for future research to optimize patient care in this challenging context.
文摘Globally,gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Gastrectomy combined with periop-erative chemotherapy is currently the standard of care in locally advanced stages,but the completion rate of multimodal approach is influenced also by patient related factors.Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor associated with poor oncological outcomes.Its perioperative supplementation could lead to an im-provement of the nutritional status.This article reviews and comments the retro-spective study conducted by Jaquet et al,which evaluates the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.The authors included 172 patients,35%of whom received jejunostomy.Patients with optimized biological nutritional parameters(body mass index,albumin,prealbumin)showed reduced major complications(>III),according to the Dindo-Clavien classification,0(0%)vs 8(4.7%)(P=0.05).In the era of multimodal treatment,optimization of nutritional and performance status is integral part of the therapeutic strategy.
基金funded by the Chief Scientist Program of Qinghai Province(2024-SF-102)the Joint Special Project of Sanjiangyuan National Park(LHZX-2023-02).
文摘Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes:barn feeding(BF)and traditional grazing(TG).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology,microbiome,metabolome,and transcriptome.Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups(BF vs.TG).At the end of the experiment,rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation.Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep.Results The ruminal papilla height,width,and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group.The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group,whereas Rikenellaceae,Gracilibacteria,and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group.Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups,including upregulated compounds in BF group(fumaric acid,maltose,L-phenylalanine,and L-alanine)and TG group(e.g.,phenylacetic acid,salicyluric acid and ferulic acid).These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways.Additionally,210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in rumen epithelium:100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways(e.g.,fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway),while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways(e.g.,p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism).Conclusions Among these,we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions.In the BF group,Tibetan sheep adopted a"metabolic efficiency-priority"strategy,driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth.In contrast,the TG group exhibited an"environmental adaptation-priority"strategy,where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions,reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEALfinanced by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)grant 470833544 to WK.
文摘The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs.A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking,complicating the inference of the precise ecological roles of radular structures.This study presents the first experimental set-up that allows to study the influence of the radular morphology,specifically the degree of tooth-tooth interlocking(so-called collective effect),on the feeding efficiency.For this purpose,physical 3D models of the teeth were designed using CAD software and 3D printing technique.The feeding efficiencies with models of different degree of interlocking were determined by tensile tests,pulling the models trough agar gels with different viscosities.The forces generated by the models and the masses of the removed gel fragments were determined.We found,that radular models with a high degree of tooth–tooth interlocking performed best as they were able to remove most agar.We additionally broke the teeth and determined,that the teeth with the highest degree of interlocking could resist to highest force.Overall,the study highlights the complex interplay between radular morphology and its ecological function,suggesting that even minor morphological alterations can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of food gathering.Understanding these interactions cannot only shed light on the ecological adaptations of molluscs,but provide further insights into development of more effective grinding,scraping,and cleaning technical devices.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC.Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home.The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.AIM To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.METHODS Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery.Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.RESULTS Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes:Self-management dilemmas,distressing experiences,and self-management facilitators.CONCLUSION There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC.Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.
文摘In view of the demand for intelligent upgrading of quartz crucible manufacturing equipment,this study proposes a design scheme of large-scale quartz crucible feeding frame system with innovative structure,and analyzes the vibration characteristics of this structure in view of the large vibration and instability during operation.In order to study the relationship between the operating vibration and the natural frequency and avoid resonance,the calculated mode was analyzed via ANSYS Workbench,and the experimental mode results were obtained by using percussion test and compared with the calculated mode.It is concluded that the natural frequencies of the first six orders of the large quartz crucible feeding frame are between 5.13 and 23.29,and the main deformation is distributed at the end of the turning mechanism.The analysis results show that the first-order natural frequency of the system has a safety margin of 1.55 times comparing with the working frequency of the drive motor(12 Hz),which effectively avoids the risk of resonance.The feeding frame adopts a double-column truss composite structure,and the layout of the specially designed stiffener network and high-precision guide rails ensures the lightweight structure and significantly improves the dynamic stability of the system.The practical effect of the large-scale quartz crucible feeding frame shows that the structural design is successful,and has reference significance for the structural design of the same type of automatic manufacturing equipment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275435,52075465,52375519)Open Fund Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-manufacturing Technology(Grant No.JSKL2324K03)Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2023GK2026)。
文摘Rotational feeding combined with shift feeding electrochemical trepanning(RF-SF ECTr)is an effective method for machining aeroengine blisks.However,given the variable relative motion of the electrodes and the complex flow channels around the bending and twisting blades,the accessibility and uniformity of the flow field are poor in blisk RF-SF ECTr using the traditional electrolyte supply(TES)mode,resulting in poor machining stability and low machining efficiency.To improve the distribution of the flow field,a new multi-channel electrolyte supply(MCES)mode is proposed for blisk RF-SF ECTr,in which the position and volume of the electrolyte supply are controlled effectively by setting multiple inlet channels in the liquid inlet area.A flow-field simulation comparison between TES and MCES shows that better accessibility and uniformity of the flow-field distribution are achieved under MCES.To clarify further the flow-field distribution characteristics under RF-SF ECTr,a series of flow-field simulations was conducted at different machining depths.Based on the obtained dynamic change law for the flow field,to enhance further its uniformity and accessibility,a global coverage strategy for the electrolyte supply and a flow-field structure optimization method for MCES are proposed,which involve optimizing the number,diameter,and location of the inlet channels.After many simulations,the optimal MCES structure was achieved whereby the electrolyte covers all positions effectively in the processing area.To verify the proposed method as effective and correct,a series of RF-SF ECTr experiments was carried out.Under the optimized MCES mode,the feeding rate was increased from 0.8 mm/min with the TES mode to 2.0 mm/min,and the processing stability and efficiency were improved significantly.The methods presented here offer an effective guide for flow-field optimization when machining other components with complex spatial structures.
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal atresia(CIA)is a common intestinal malformation in the neonatal period,and surgery is currently the main treatment method.The choice of postoperative feeding is crucial for the recovery of gastrointestinal function in children.AIM To compare and analyze the effects of different postoperative feeding methods on gastrointestinal function reconstruction in newborns with CIA.METHODS Twenty-six children diagnosed with neonatal CIA,treated with minimally invasive surgery at Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and May 2024,were selected for this single-center prospective randomized controlled study.They were divided into two groups using envelope randomization:Enteral nutrition(EN)group(n=13)and parenteral nutrition(PN)group(n=13).Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected,and recovery time of bowel sounds and time to first defecation were used as evaluation indices for gastrointestinal functional reconstruction.Differences between the groups were analyzed using t-test,χ2 test,and Fisher’s exact test.Spearman’s correlation tests and linear regression models were employed to analyze factors influencing time to first defecation.RESULTS The time to bowel sound recovery(51.54 vs 65.85,P=0.013)and first defecation(58.15 vs 76.62,P<0.001)was shorter in the EN group compared to the PN group.Clinical improvements in the EN group,including discharge weight(P=0.044),hospital stay(P=0.027),white blood cell count(P=0.023),albumin content(P=0.013),and direct bilirubin content(P=0.018),were also better than those in the PN group.No substantial differences in postoperative complications were found between the groups.Correlation analysis indicated that abdominal infection and operation time may relate to time to first defecation.Linear regression analysis demonstrated a considerable association between EN feeding and shorter time to first defecation.Abdominal infection and an operation time>2 hours may be risk factors for prolonged time to first defecation.CONCLUSION EN substantially promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function after CIA in neonates and can improve clinical outcomes in children.Future research should explore optimal EN practices to enhance clinical application and child health.
基金supported in part by the grant of Protein Research Program of Yangzhou University,China(2008CXJ062)
文摘Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin receptors,5-HT1A receptor and adrenergic α-2 receptor.In this review,we summarize recent findings that reveal the essential role of galanin in increasing food intake as well as body weight and that identify the individual galanin receptor subtypes involved in the brain＇s modulation of food intake and energy expenditure,to provide a theoretical basis for further studies of different aspects of galanin action.
基金Supported by Key Program of Provincial Science&Technology Department(2014N3011)Special Program of Provincial Science&Technology Department Key Program(2014NZ0002)Longyan S&T Program(2015LY32)~~
文摘In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）. Pigs in control group were fed with conventional diets, and 4% microbial fermentation feeds were added to the basal diet of experimental group to research on the effect of performance and meat quality of pig breeding. The results indicated that after feeding 106 d, compared to control group, the slaughter performance, meat quality and content of fatty acid and amino acid of experimental group were all better, its slaughter rate increased 1.53%, the carcass weight increased 2.75% and the backfat thickness decreased 0.02 cm. In addition, the pork meat in test group hadn＇t antibiotic and heavy metal residues, while it had higher color score, lower pH45min and pH24h value, better tenderness and rate of cooked meat and higher content of fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Microbial fermentation feed using in test group can significantly improved the flavor and aroma of pork, and eating this pork conducive more to human health. Thus, the application of microbial fermenta- tion feed can provide a more safe, healthy and nutritious flavor pork for human beings.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Science and Technology Department of Liaoning province "The Research and Demonstration of the Efficient and Safe Feeding Technology of Seafood" (No. 2008203002)
文摘The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival rate was 100% in 96 hours. If the fish was acclimatized, it was still 100% in 42 days. The fish at the salinity of 0 - 16 grew faster than others; feeding rate varied as salinity changed, and the highest one was at salinity of 32 and the lowest one was at the salinity of 16. As to feed conversion efficiency, the highest one was at the salinity of 16, and the lowest one was at the salinity of 24. There were no significant differences among the treatments （P＆gt;0.05）. It was found that low salinity benefited for recovering albinism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201985)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAD26B03)~~
文摘Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic improvement. The genetic regulation is one of the major parts among the researches. This research reported the progress of the polymorphism of genes associated with appetite and its correla- tion with feeding habits, and summarized the studies on improvements of fish feed- ing and protein sources of the artificial feeding in order to provide theoretic basis for cultivating the improved varieties in feeding habit.
文摘Aiming at the turning motion＇s disadvantages,including the instability of charge magazine caused by polygon effect and the disability of synchronously pushing modular charge of the current pushing mechanism,a new type of charge feeding mechanism is designed.It can not only select modular charge rapidly and steadily,but also push a certain amount of modular charge into the tray which is used to receive the charge synchronously.The selection and push principles of feeding mechanism are introduced,and a three-dimensional model is established.ADAMS is applied to simulation analysis of the feeding mechanism.The results show that the feeding mechanism can push the modular charge into the reception tray rapidly and steadily,which provides a theoretical basis for the practical design.
