This minireview synthesizes literature on the use of feeding jejunostomy tubes(FJTs)in the postoperative management of gastroesophageal cancer patients.Gastrectomy and esophagectomy remain the primary curative treatme...This minireview synthesizes literature on the use of feeding jejunostomy tubes(FJTs)in the postoperative management of gastroesophageal cancer patients.Gastrectomy and esophagectomy remain the primary curative treatments for gastric and esophageal cancers,respectively,but are frequently accompanied by significant postoperative malnutrition,which adversely impacts surgical and oncological outcomes as well as patients’quality of life.To address this,the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Surgery and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend early enteral feeding through FJT placement following major surgery.While previous studies have demonstrated that FJT is an effective and reliable route for nutritional support,its placement is invasive and carries associated risks.Consequently,many clinicians opt for less invasive alternatives such as total parenteral nutrition or nasogastric tube feeding,although these approaches yield variable results.This review explores the benefits and potential complications of FJT placement,identifies variability in clinical adoption and the absence of standardized protocols,and highlights areas for future research to optimize patient care in this challenging context.展开更多
Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To prov...Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.展开更多
In the face of constantly changing environments,the central nervous system(CNS)rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs,regulates feeding behavior,and maintains energy homeostasis.The arcuate nucleus of ...In the face of constantly changing environments,the central nervous system(CNS)rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs,regulates feeding behavior,and maintains energy homeostasis.The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus(ARC)plays a key role in this process,serv-ing as a critical brain region for detecting nutrition-related hormones and regulating appetite and energy homeostasis.Agouti-related protein(AgRP)/neuropeptide Y(NPY)neu-rons in the ARC are core elements that interact with other brain regions through a complex appetite-regulating network to comprehensively control energy homeostasis.In this review,we explore the discovery and research progress of AgRP neurons in regulating feeding and energy metabolism.In addition,recent advances in terms of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis,along with the redundant neural mecha-nisms involved in energy metabolism,are discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the field of neural regula-tion of feeding and energy metabolism are briefly discussed.展开更多
Objectives Breastfeeding plays a critical role in the healthy development of infants,yet exclusive breastfeeding(EBF)rates remain low,particularly among low-income mothers.This study aimed to develop and validate an A...Objectives Breastfeeding plays a critical role in the healthy development of infants,yet exclusive breastfeeding(EBF)rates remain low,particularly among low-income mothers.This study aimed to develop and validate an AI-based educational innovative solution to increase breastfeeding literacy across caregivers and mothers.Methods The BabyChat(AI-based)was developed through two phases.In phase I,the content was created using the Canvas application,with the idea tree structured through MindMeister,and delivered via the ManyChat tool on Facebook.The focus was on the benefits of EBF during the initial 6 months of life,as recommended by the WHO,and continued breastfeeding until 1,000 days of life.In Phase II,functionality tests were performed using UserTesting and subsequently validated by the Content Validity Index(CVI).Healthcare professionals reviewed the clarity and relevance of the information on a four-point scale.Intra-examiner concordance was assessed by percentage of agreement and the median for each CVI-I point.Results The contents of BabyChat included 8 topics and 18 subtopics(based on relevant contents including nutritional and anatomical aspects,weaning strategies among others)aimed to educate mothers and caregivers.Five mothers participated in evaluation of the BabyChat.Overall,most participants found the chatbot’s question-and-answer functionality clear and helpful,with accurate command execution and timely response speeds,etc.However,two participants noted occasional issues such as misinterpreted questions,delayed command responses,and unclear or hard-to-find interface buttons.A total of four experts in psychology,dentistry,and medicine validated the framework.The agreement rate between experts ranged from 25%to 100%,with median values between 3 and 4,indicating excellent content relevance.Conclusion The BabyChat was developed and validated for use in increasing breastfeeding literacy among caregivers and mothers.Future studies should be considered to expand the BabyChat validation to other healthcare professionals,including nursing staff,to comprehensively capture the impact of BabyChat on mothers,as well as to incorporate population-specific topics that depend on cultural and geographical aspects.展开更多
The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs.A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking,complicating the inference of the precise ecological ro...The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs.A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking,complicating the inference of the precise ecological roles of radular structures.This study presents the first experimental set-up that allows to study the influence of the radular morphology,specifically the degree of tooth-tooth interlocking(so-called collective effect),on the feeding efficiency.For this purpose,physical 3D models of the teeth were designed using CAD software and 3D printing technique.The feeding efficiencies with models of different degree of interlocking were determined by tensile tests,pulling the models trough agar gels with different viscosities.The forces generated by the models and the masses of the removed gel fragments were determined.We found,that radular models with a high degree of tooth–tooth interlocking performed best as they were able to remove most agar.We additionally broke the teeth and determined,that the teeth with the highest degree of interlocking could resist to highest force.Overall,the study highlights the complex interplay between radular morphology and its ecological function,suggesting that even minor morphological alterations can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of food gathering.Understanding these interactions cannot only shed light on the ecological adaptations of molluscs,but provide further insights into development of more effective grinding,scraping,and cleaning technical devices.展开更多
Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typicall...Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes:barn feeding(BF)and traditional grazing(TG).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology,microbiome,metabolome,and transcriptome.Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups(BF vs.TG).At the end of the experiment,rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation.Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep.Results The ruminal papilla height,width,and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group.The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group,whereas Rikenellaceae,Gracilibacteria,and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group.Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups,including upregulated compounds in BF group(fumaric acid,maltose,L-phenylalanine,and L-alanine)and TG group(e.g.,phenylacetic acid,salicyluric acid and ferulic acid).These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways.Additionally,210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in rumen epithelium:100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways(e.g.,fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway),while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways(e.g.,p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism).Conclusions Among these,we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions.In the BF group,Tibetan sheep adopted a"metabolic efficiency-priority"strategy,driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth.In contrast,the TG group exhibited an"environmental adaptation-priority"strategy,where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions,reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to im...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC.Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home.The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.AIM To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.METHODS Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery.Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.RESULTS Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes:Self-management dilemmas,distressing experiences,and self-management facilitators.CONCLUSION There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC.Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.展开更多
Rotational feeding combined with shift feeding electrochemical trepanning(RF-SF ECTr)is an effective method for machining aeroengine blisks.However,given the variable relative motion of the electrodes and the complex ...Rotational feeding combined with shift feeding electrochemical trepanning(RF-SF ECTr)is an effective method for machining aeroengine blisks.However,given the variable relative motion of the electrodes and the complex flow channels around the bending and twisting blades,the accessibility and uniformity of the flow field are poor in blisk RF-SF ECTr using the traditional electrolyte supply(TES)mode,resulting in poor machining stability and low machining efficiency.To improve the distribution of the flow field,a new multi-channel electrolyte supply(MCES)mode is proposed for blisk RF-SF ECTr,in which the position and volume of the electrolyte supply are controlled effectively by setting multiple inlet channels in the liquid inlet area.A flow-field simulation comparison between TES and MCES shows that better accessibility and uniformity of the flow-field distribution are achieved under MCES.To clarify further the flow-field distribution characteristics under RF-SF ECTr,a series of flow-field simulations was conducted at different machining depths.Based on the obtained dynamic change law for the flow field,to enhance further its uniformity and accessibility,a global coverage strategy for the electrolyte supply and a flow-field structure optimization method for MCES are proposed,which involve optimizing the number,diameter,and location of the inlet channels.After many simulations,the optimal MCES structure was achieved whereby the electrolyte covers all positions effectively in the processing area.To verify the proposed method as effective and correct,a series of RF-SF ECTr experiments was carried out.Under the optimized MCES mode,the feeding rate was increased from 0.8 mm/min with the TES mode to 2.0 mm/min,and the processing stability and efficiency were improved significantly.The methods presented here offer an effective guide for flow-field optimization when machining other components with complex spatial structures.展开更多
Aiming at integrally improving the solidification,homogenization,and hot deformation structures of super austenitic stainless steel,a strategy of feeding the Ce-bearing steel strip into S32654 was proposed in this stu...Aiming at integrally improving the solidification,homogenization,and hot deformation structures of super austenitic stainless steel,a strategy of feeding the Ce-bearing steel strip into S32654 was proposed in this study.The results revealed that this strategy played three main roles in improving the solidification structure:(i)causing rapid supercooling of the molten steel,(ii)promoting dendrite nucleation through the generation of numerous floating dendrites and Ce-bearing inclusions,and(iii)enhancing compositional supercooling by[Ce].These three roles synergistically refined the solidification structure,reduced Mo segregation,and inhibitedσphase precipitation.During the high-temperature homogenization process,this strategy markedly accelerated the dissolution of theσphase and the uniform distribution of Mo by refining theσphase and reducing the width of the Mo segregation region,thereby significantly shortening the homogenization time.During the hot deformation process,this strategy not only considerably enhanced the degree of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)by promoting discontinuous and continuous DRX but also markedly reduced the strain-induced precipitation tendency of theσphase due to a more uniform distribution of Mo after homogenization.Both benefits jointly improved the hot deformation microstructure without increasing hot-working difficulty.展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal atresia(CIA)is a common intestinal malformation in the neonatal period,and surgery is currently the main treatment method.The choice of postoperative feeding is crucial for the recover...BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal atresia(CIA)is a common intestinal malformation in the neonatal period,and surgery is currently the main treatment method.The choice of postoperative feeding is crucial for the recovery of gastrointestinal function in children.AIM To compare and analyze the effects of different postoperative feeding methods on gastrointestinal function reconstruction in newborns with CIA.METHODS Twenty-six children diagnosed with neonatal CIA,treated with minimally invasive surgery at Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and May 2024,were selected for this single-center prospective randomized controlled study.They were divided into two groups using envelope randomization:Enteral nutrition(EN)group(n=13)and parenteral nutrition(PN)group(n=13).Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected,and recovery time of bowel sounds and time to first defecation were used as evaluation indices for gastrointestinal functional reconstruction.Differences between the groups were analyzed using t-test,χ2 test,and Fisher’s exact test.Spearman’s correlation tests and linear regression models were employed to analyze factors influencing time to first defecation.RESULTS The time to bowel sound recovery(51.54 vs 65.85,P=0.013)and first defecation(58.15 vs 76.62,P<0.001)was shorter in the EN group compared to the PN group.Clinical improvements in the EN group,including discharge weight(P=0.044),hospital stay(P=0.027),white blood cell count(P=0.023),albumin content(P=0.013),and direct bilirubin content(P=0.018),were also better than those in the PN group.No substantial differences in postoperative complications were found between the groups.Correlation analysis indicated that abdominal infection and operation time may relate to time to first defecation.Linear regression analysis demonstrated a considerable association between EN feeding and shorter time to first defecation.Abdominal infection and an operation time>2 hours may be risk factors for prolonged time to first defecation.CONCLUSION EN substantially promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function after CIA in neonates and can improve clinical outcomes in children.Future research should explore optimal EN practices to enhance clinical application and child health.展开更多
Globally,gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Gastrectomy combined with periop-erative chemotherapy is currently the standard of care in loca...Globally,gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Gastrectomy combined with periop-erative chemotherapy is currently the standard of care in locally advanced stages,but the completion rate of multimodal approach is influenced also by patient related factors.Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor associated with poor oncological outcomes.Its perioperative supplementation could lead to an im-provement of the nutritional status.This article reviews and comments the retro-spective study conducted by Jaquet et al,which evaluates the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.The authors included 172 patients,35%of whom received jejunostomy.Patients with optimized biological nutritional parameters(body mass index,albumin,prealbumin)showed reduced major complications(>III),according to the Dindo-Clavien classification,0(0%)vs 8(4.7%)(P=0.05).In the era of multimodal treatment,optimization of nutritional and performance status is integral part of the therapeutic strategy.展开更多
Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the t...Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.展开更多
Three experimental groups with different feeding frequencies,different feeding rates and compensatory feeding were set up to study their effects on the growth of Micropterus salmoides.The results showed that different...Three experimental groups with different feeding frequencies,different feeding rates and compensatory feeding were set up to study their effects on the growth of Micropterus salmoides.The results showed that different feeding rates of 2%,3%and 4%had no significant effects on the growth of M.salmoides.Therefore,before the individual weight of 50 g,the fish could be fed with a feeding rate of 4%,which could be gradually decreased to 2%in the later period.Under the condition of relatively fixed feeding rate,different feeding frequencies had an impact on the growth of M.salmoides.Under the conditions of suitable water temperature,it is reasonable to feed twice daily.The experimental fish fed for 5 d and then deprived of feed for 1 d showed fully compensatory growth,and there were no significant differences in weight gain rate,daily weight gain and specific growth rate compared with the continuous feeding group(P>0.05).Therefore,according to the feeding conditions of fish in the breeding process,stopping feeding for 1 d every 5 d could save feed and labor and improve breeding efficiency.展开更多
Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to ...Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.展开更多
Introduction:Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding have been proven to reduce malnutrition.Declining socio-economic environment is associated with poor feeding practices,high morbidity,and risk of malnutriti...Introduction:Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding have been proven to reduce malnutrition.Declining socio-economic environment is associated with poor feeding practices,high morbidity,and risk of malnutrition among children from urban poor families.Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess child-feeding practices and morbidity prevalence among Harare urban-families living in low socio-economic areas.Methods:A health-facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in five clinics of Harare serving low socio-economic communities between July and August 2014.A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing child-feeding practices was used to interview primary caregivers.Prevalence of diarrhea,influenza,malaria,measles,fever,and cough was assessed.Data were analysed using SPSS v21.Results:A total of 218 mother-child pairs attending growth monitoring were enrolled in the study:Seventy-five percent of the children were below two years;early introduction of solid foods(before six months)was observed in 81.4%of the children.Forty-nine percent of young children were fed at least four meals per day and 74%had been weaned onto family meals;Twenty-four percent of the children had diarrhea,59%influenza,1%malaria,1%measles,23%fever and 53%cough in the month preceding the survey.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of suboptimal feeding practices and morbidity in low socio-economic urban communities of Harare.There is need to design child-feeding interventions for the urban community targeting all family members involved in decision-making.展开更多
Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin re...Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin receptors,5-HT1A receptor and adrenergic α-2 receptor.In this review,we summarize recent findings that reveal the essential role of galanin in increasing food intake as well as body weight and that identify the individual galanin receptor subtypes involved in the brain＇s modulation of food intake and energy expenditure,to provide a theoretical basis for further studies of different aspects of galanin action.展开更多
In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）...In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）. Pigs in control group were fed with conventional diets, and 4% microbial fermentation feeds were added to the basal diet of experimental group to research on the effect of performance and meat quality of pig breeding. The results indicated that after feeding 106 d, compared to control group, the slaughter performance, meat quality and content of fatty acid and amino acid of experimental group were all better, its slaughter rate increased 1.53%, the carcass weight increased 2.75% and the backfat thickness decreased 0.02 cm. In addition, the pork meat in test group hadn＇t antibiotic and heavy metal residues, while it had higher color score, lower pH45min and pH24h value, better tenderness and rate of cooked meat and higher content of fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Microbial fermentation feed using in test group can significantly improved the flavor and aroma of pork, and eating this pork conducive more to human health. Thus, the application of microbial fermenta- tion feed can provide a more safe, healthy and nutritious flavor pork for human beings.展开更多
The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival...The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival rate was 100% in 96 hours. If the fish was acclimatized, it was still 100% in 42 days. The fish at the salinity of 0 - 16 grew faster than others; feeding rate varied as salinity changed, and the highest one was at salinity of 32 and the lowest one was at the salinity of 16. As to feed conversion efficiency, the highest one was at the salinity of 16, and the lowest one was at the salinity of 24. There were no significant differences among the treatments （P＆gt;0.05）. It was found that low salinity benefited for recovering albinism.展开更多
Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic ...Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic improvement. The genetic regulation is one of the major parts among the researches. This research reported the progress of the polymorphism of genes associated with appetite and its correla- tion with feeding habits, and summarized the studies on improvements of fish feed- ing and protein sources of the artificial feeding in order to provide theoretic basis for cultivating the improved varieties in feeding habit.展开更多
Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ill.However,despit...Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ill.However,despite the benefits and widespread use of enteral tube feeding,some patients experience complications.This review aims to discuss and compare current knowledge regarding the clinical application of enteral tube feeding,together with associated complications and special aspects.We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed,Embase and Medline using index terms relating to enteral access,enteral feeding/nutrition,tube feeding,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy,endoscopic nasoenteric tube,nasogastric tube,and refeeding syndrome.The literature showed common routes of enteral access to include nasoenteral tube,gastrostomy and jejunostomy,while complications fall into four major categories:mechanical,e.g.,tube blockage or removal;gastrointestinal,e.g.,diarrhea;infectious e.g.,aspiration pneumonia,tube site infection;and metabolic,e.g.,refeeding syndrome,hyperglycemia.Although the type and frequency of complications arising from tube feeding vary considerably according to the chosen access route,gastrointestinal complications are without doubt the most common.Complications associated with enteral tube feeding can be reduced by careful observance of guidelines,including those related to food composition,administration rate,portion size,food temperature and patient supervision.展开更多
文摘This minireview synthesizes literature on the use of feeding jejunostomy tubes(FJTs)in the postoperative management of gastroesophageal cancer patients.Gastrectomy and esophagectomy remain the primary curative treatments for gastric and esophageal cancers,respectively,but are frequently accompanied by significant postoperative malnutrition,which adversely impacts surgical and oncological outcomes as well as patients’quality of life.To address this,the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Surgery and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend early enteral feeding through FJT placement following major surgery.While previous studies have demonstrated that FJT is an effective and reliable route for nutritional support,its placement is invasive and carries associated risks.Consequently,many clinicians opt for less invasive alternatives such as total parenteral nutrition or nasogastric tube feeding,although these approaches yield variable results.This review explores the benefits and potential complications of FJT placement,identifies variability in clinical adoption and the absence of standardized protocols,and highlights areas for future research to optimize patient care in this challenging context.
基金funded by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41706142 and 32071615)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-49)the Funding for School-Level Research Projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology(No.XJR2021035)。
文摘Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.
基金supported by Grants from the Research Funds of the Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM(QYPY20220018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822026,32271063,31500860,and 32100821)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project of China(2021ZD0203900).
文摘In the face of constantly changing environments,the central nervous system(CNS)rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs,regulates feeding behavior,and maintains energy homeostasis.The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus(ARC)plays a key role in this process,serv-ing as a critical brain region for detecting nutrition-related hormones and regulating appetite and energy homeostasis.Agouti-related protein(AgRP)/neuropeptide Y(NPY)neu-rons in the ARC are core elements that interact with other brain regions through a complex appetite-regulating network to comprehensively control energy homeostasis.In this review,we explore the discovery and research progress of AgRP neurons in regulating feeding and energy metabolism.In addition,recent advances in terms of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis,along with the redundant neural mecha-nisms involved in energy metabolism,are discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the field of neural regula-tion of feeding and energy metabolism are briefly discussed.
基金supported by Hub Mandic(Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic,Campinas,SP,Brazil)。
文摘Objectives Breastfeeding plays a critical role in the healthy development of infants,yet exclusive breastfeeding(EBF)rates remain low,particularly among low-income mothers.This study aimed to develop and validate an AI-based educational innovative solution to increase breastfeeding literacy across caregivers and mothers.Methods The BabyChat(AI-based)was developed through two phases.In phase I,the content was created using the Canvas application,with the idea tree structured through MindMeister,and delivered via the ManyChat tool on Facebook.The focus was on the benefits of EBF during the initial 6 months of life,as recommended by the WHO,and continued breastfeeding until 1,000 days of life.In Phase II,functionality tests were performed using UserTesting and subsequently validated by the Content Validity Index(CVI).Healthcare professionals reviewed the clarity and relevance of the information on a four-point scale.Intra-examiner concordance was assessed by percentage of agreement and the median for each CVI-I point.Results The contents of BabyChat included 8 topics and 18 subtopics(based on relevant contents including nutritional and anatomical aspects,weaning strategies among others)aimed to educate mothers and caregivers.Five mothers participated in evaluation of the BabyChat.Overall,most participants found the chatbot’s question-and-answer functionality clear and helpful,with accurate command execution and timely response speeds,etc.However,two participants noted occasional issues such as misinterpreted questions,delayed command responses,and unclear or hard-to-find interface buttons.A total of four experts in psychology,dentistry,and medicine validated the framework.The agreement rate between experts ranged from 25%to 100%,with median values between 3 and 4,indicating excellent content relevance.Conclusion The BabyChat was developed and validated for use in increasing breastfeeding literacy among caregivers and mothers.Future studies should be considered to expand the BabyChat validation to other healthcare professionals,including nursing staff,to comprehensively capture the impact of BabyChat on mothers,as well as to incorporate population-specific topics that depend on cultural and geographical aspects.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEALfinanced by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)grant 470833544 to WK.
文摘The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs.A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking,complicating the inference of the precise ecological roles of radular structures.This study presents the first experimental set-up that allows to study the influence of the radular morphology,specifically the degree of tooth-tooth interlocking(so-called collective effect),on the feeding efficiency.For this purpose,physical 3D models of the teeth were designed using CAD software and 3D printing technique.The feeding efficiencies with models of different degree of interlocking were determined by tensile tests,pulling the models trough agar gels with different viscosities.The forces generated by the models and the masses of the removed gel fragments were determined.We found,that radular models with a high degree of tooth–tooth interlocking performed best as they were able to remove most agar.We additionally broke the teeth and determined,that the teeth with the highest degree of interlocking could resist to highest force.Overall,the study highlights the complex interplay between radular morphology and its ecological function,suggesting that even minor morphological alterations can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of food gathering.Understanding these interactions cannot only shed light on the ecological adaptations of molluscs,but provide further insights into development of more effective grinding,scraping,and cleaning technical devices.
基金funded by the Chief Scientist Program of Qinghai Province(2024-SF-102)the Joint Special Project of Sanjiangyuan National Park(LHZX-2023-02).
文摘Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes:barn feeding(BF)and traditional grazing(TG).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology,microbiome,metabolome,and transcriptome.Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups(BF vs.TG).At the end of the experiment,rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation.Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep.Results The ruminal papilla height,width,and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group.The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group,whereas Rikenellaceae,Gracilibacteria,and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group.Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups,including upregulated compounds in BF group(fumaric acid,maltose,L-phenylalanine,and L-alanine)and TG group(e.g.,phenylacetic acid,salicyluric acid and ferulic acid).These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways.Additionally,210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in rumen epithelium:100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways(e.g.,fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway),while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways(e.g.,p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism).Conclusions Among these,we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions.In the BF group,Tibetan sheep adopted a"metabolic efficiency-priority"strategy,driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth.In contrast,the TG group exhibited an"environmental adaptation-priority"strategy,where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions,reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC.Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home.The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.AIM To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.METHODS Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery.Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.RESULTS Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes:Self-management dilemmas,distressing experiences,and self-management facilitators.CONCLUSION There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC.Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275435,52075465,52375519)Open Fund Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-manufacturing Technology(Grant No.JSKL2324K03)Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2023GK2026)。
文摘Rotational feeding combined with shift feeding electrochemical trepanning(RF-SF ECTr)is an effective method for machining aeroengine blisks.However,given the variable relative motion of the electrodes and the complex flow channels around the bending and twisting blades,the accessibility and uniformity of the flow field are poor in blisk RF-SF ECTr using the traditional electrolyte supply(TES)mode,resulting in poor machining stability and low machining efficiency.To improve the distribution of the flow field,a new multi-channel electrolyte supply(MCES)mode is proposed for blisk RF-SF ECTr,in which the position and volume of the electrolyte supply are controlled effectively by setting multiple inlet channels in the liquid inlet area.A flow-field simulation comparison between TES and MCES shows that better accessibility and uniformity of the flow-field distribution are achieved under MCES.To clarify further the flow-field distribution characteristics under RF-SF ECTr,a series of flow-field simulations was conducted at different machining depths.Based on the obtained dynamic change law for the flow field,to enhance further its uniformity and accessibility,a global coverage strategy for the electrolyte supply and a flow-field structure optimization method for MCES are proposed,which involve optimizing the number,diameter,and location of the inlet channels.After many simulations,the optimal MCES structure was achieved whereby the electrolyte covers all positions effectively in the processing area.To verify the proposed method as effective and correct,a series of RF-SF ECTr experiments was carried out.Under the optimized MCES mode,the feeding rate was increased from 0.8 mm/min with the TES mode to 2.0 mm/min,and the processing stability and efficiency were improved significantly.The methods presented here offer an effective guide for flow-field optimization when machining other components with complex spatial structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52325406,52374334,and 52404342)the Talent Project of Revitalizing Liaoning(No.XLYC2201006)+2 种基金the Joint Program of Science and Technology Plans in Liaoning Province(Nos.2023JH2/101700244)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2430002)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.B21001).
文摘Aiming at integrally improving the solidification,homogenization,and hot deformation structures of super austenitic stainless steel,a strategy of feeding the Ce-bearing steel strip into S32654 was proposed in this study.The results revealed that this strategy played three main roles in improving the solidification structure:(i)causing rapid supercooling of the molten steel,(ii)promoting dendrite nucleation through the generation of numerous floating dendrites and Ce-bearing inclusions,and(iii)enhancing compositional supercooling by[Ce].These three roles synergistically refined the solidification structure,reduced Mo segregation,and inhibitedσphase precipitation.During the high-temperature homogenization process,this strategy markedly accelerated the dissolution of theσphase and the uniform distribution of Mo by refining theσphase and reducing the width of the Mo segregation region,thereby significantly shortening the homogenization time.During the hot deformation process,this strategy not only considerably enhanced the degree of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)by promoting discontinuous and continuous DRX but also markedly reduced the strain-induced precipitation tendency of theσphase due to a more uniform distribution of Mo after homogenization.Both benefits jointly improved the hot deformation microstructure without increasing hot-working difficulty.
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal atresia(CIA)is a common intestinal malformation in the neonatal period,and surgery is currently the main treatment method.The choice of postoperative feeding is crucial for the recovery of gastrointestinal function in children.AIM To compare and analyze the effects of different postoperative feeding methods on gastrointestinal function reconstruction in newborns with CIA.METHODS Twenty-six children diagnosed with neonatal CIA,treated with minimally invasive surgery at Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and May 2024,were selected for this single-center prospective randomized controlled study.They were divided into two groups using envelope randomization:Enteral nutrition(EN)group(n=13)and parenteral nutrition(PN)group(n=13).Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected,and recovery time of bowel sounds and time to first defecation were used as evaluation indices for gastrointestinal functional reconstruction.Differences between the groups were analyzed using t-test,χ2 test,and Fisher’s exact test.Spearman’s correlation tests and linear regression models were employed to analyze factors influencing time to first defecation.RESULTS The time to bowel sound recovery(51.54 vs 65.85,P=0.013)and first defecation(58.15 vs 76.62,P<0.001)was shorter in the EN group compared to the PN group.Clinical improvements in the EN group,including discharge weight(P=0.044),hospital stay(P=0.027),white blood cell count(P=0.023),albumin content(P=0.013),and direct bilirubin content(P=0.018),were also better than those in the PN group.No substantial differences in postoperative complications were found between the groups.Correlation analysis indicated that abdominal infection and operation time may relate to time to first defecation.Linear regression analysis demonstrated a considerable association between EN feeding and shorter time to first defecation.Abdominal infection and an operation time>2 hours may be risk factors for prolonged time to first defecation.CONCLUSION EN substantially promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function after CIA in neonates and can improve clinical outcomes in children.Future research should explore optimal EN practices to enhance clinical application and child health.
文摘Globally,gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Gastrectomy combined with periop-erative chemotherapy is currently the standard of care in locally advanced stages,but the completion rate of multimodal approach is influenced also by patient related factors.Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor associated with poor oncological outcomes.Its perioperative supplementation could lead to an im-provement of the nutritional status.This article reviews and comments the retro-spective study conducted by Jaquet et al,which evaluates the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.The authors included 172 patients,35%of whom received jejunostomy.Patients with optimized biological nutritional parameters(body mass index,albumin,prealbumin)showed reduced major complications(>III),according to the Dindo-Clavien classification,0(0%)vs 8(4.7%)(P=0.05).In the era of multimodal treatment,optimization of nutritional and performance status is integral part of the therapeutic strategy.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2008AA03A238)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005186)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No. 2007B39)
文摘Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.
基金Supported by Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2022BBA0058)。
文摘Three experimental groups with different feeding frequencies,different feeding rates and compensatory feeding were set up to study their effects on the growth of Micropterus salmoides.The results showed that different feeding rates of 2%,3%and 4%had no significant effects on the growth of M.salmoides.Therefore,before the individual weight of 50 g,the fish could be fed with a feeding rate of 4%,which could be gradually decreased to 2%in the later period.Under the condition of relatively fixed feeding rate,different feeding frequencies had an impact on the growth of M.salmoides.Under the conditions of suitable water temperature,it is reasonable to feed twice daily.The experimental fish fed for 5 d and then deprived of feed for 1 d showed fully compensatory growth,and there were no significant differences in weight gain rate,daily weight gain and specific growth rate compared with the continuous feeding group(P>0.05).Therefore,according to the feeding conditions of fish in the breeding process,stopping feeding for 1 d every 5 d could save feed and labor and improve breeding efficiency.
文摘Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.
基金We extend our appreciation to every mother and child who participated in this study.We would also like to thank the Harare City Health Department for permitting us to carry out our study.DTC received support from the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center(grant#D43TW007991)the DAAD German Exchange Service scholarship(grant#A1294524).
文摘Introduction:Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding have been proven to reduce malnutrition.Declining socio-economic environment is associated with poor feeding practices,high morbidity,and risk of malnutrition among children from urban poor families.Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess child-feeding practices and morbidity prevalence among Harare urban-families living in low socio-economic areas.Methods:A health-facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in five clinics of Harare serving low socio-economic communities between July and August 2014.A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing child-feeding practices was used to interview primary caregivers.Prevalence of diarrhea,influenza,malaria,measles,fever,and cough was assessed.Data were analysed using SPSS v21.Results:A total of 218 mother-child pairs attending growth monitoring were enrolled in the study:Seventy-five percent of the children were below two years;early introduction of solid foods(before six months)was observed in 81.4%of the children.Forty-nine percent of young children were fed at least four meals per day and 74%had been weaned onto family meals;Twenty-four percent of the children had diarrhea,59%influenza,1%malaria,1%measles,23%fever and 53%cough in the month preceding the survey.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of suboptimal feeding practices and morbidity in low socio-economic urban communities of Harare.There is need to design child-feeding interventions for the urban community targeting all family members involved in decision-making.
基金supported in part by the grant of Protein Research Program of Yangzhou University,China(2008CXJ062)
文摘Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin receptors,5-HT1A receptor and adrenergic α-2 receptor.In this review,we summarize recent findings that reveal the essential role of galanin in increasing food intake as well as body weight and that identify the individual galanin receptor subtypes involved in the brain＇s modulation of food intake and energy expenditure,to provide a theoretical basis for further studies of different aspects of galanin action.
基金Supported by Key Program of Provincial Science&Technology Department(2014N3011)Special Program of Provincial Science&Technology Department Key Program(2014NZ0002)Longyan S&T Program(2015LY32)~~
文摘In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）. Pigs in control group were fed with conventional diets, and 4% microbial fermentation feeds were added to the basal diet of experimental group to research on the effect of performance and meat quality of pig breeding. The results indicated that after feeding 106 d, compared to control group, the slaughter performance, meat quality and content of fatty acid and amino acid of experimental group were all better, its slaughter rate increased 1.53%, the carcass weight increased 2.75% and the backfat thickness decreased 0.02 cm. In addition, the pork meat in test group hadn＇t antibiotic and heavy metal residues, while it had higher color score, lower pH45min and pH24h value, better tenderness and rate of cooked meat and higher content of fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Microbial fermentation feed using in test group can significantly improved the flavor and aroma of pork, and eating this pork conducive more to human health. Thus, the application of microbial fermenta- tion feed can provide a more safe, healthy and nutritious flavor pork for human beings.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Science and Technology Department of Liaoning province "The Research and Demonstration of the Efficient and Safe Feeding Technology of Seafood" (No. 2008203002)
文摘The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival rate was 100% in 96 hours. If the fish was acclimatized, it was still 100% in 42 days. The fish at the salinity of 0 - 16 grew faster than others; feeding rate varied as salinity changed, and the highest one was at salinity of 32 and the lowest one was at the salinity of 16. As to feed conversion efficiency, the highest one was at the salinity of 16, and the lowest one was at the salinity of 24. There were no significant differences among the treatments （P＆gt;0.05）. It was found that low salinity benefited for recovering albinism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201985)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAD26B03)~~
文摘Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic improvement. The genetic regulation is one of the major parts among the researches. This research reported the progress of the polymorphism of genes associated with appetite and its correla- tion with feeding habits, and summarized the studies on improvements of fish feed- ing and protein sources of the artificial feeding in order to provide theoretic basis for cultivating the improved varieties in feeding habit.
文摘Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ill.However,despite the benefits and widespread use of enteral tube feeding,some patients experience complications.This review aims to discuss and compare current knowledge regarding the clinical application of enteral tube feeding,together with associated complications and special aspects.We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed,Embase and Medline using index terms relating to enteral access,enteral feeding/nutrition,tube feeding,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy,endoscopic nasoenteric tube,nasogastric tube,and refeeding syndrome.The literature showed common routes of enteral access to include nasoenteral tube,gastrostomy and jejunostomy,while complications fall into four major categories:mechanical,e.g.,tube blockage or removal;gastrointestinal,e.g.,diarrhea;infectious e.g.,aspiration pneumonia,tube site infection;and metabolic,e.g.,refeeding syndrome,hyperglycemia.Although the type and frequency of complications arising from tube feeding vary considerably according to the chosen access route,gastrointestinal complications are without doubt the most common.Complications associated with enteral tube feeding can be reduced by careful observance of guidelines,including those related to food composition,administration rate,portion size,food temperature and patient supervision.
