The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradua...The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.展开更多
There is a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources.Green hydrogen has the potential to become one of the major energy carriers in the future.The Russian Federation,in partnership with countries ...There is a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources.Green hydrogen has the potential to become one of the major energy carriers in the future.The Russian Federation,in partnership with countries in the Asia-Pacific region and especially China,has the potential to play a significant role in green hydrogen market.This study assessed the potential of developing green hydrogen energy based on wind power in the Far Eastern Federal District(FEFD)of the Russian Federation.Empirical wind speed data were collected from 20 meteorological stations in 4 regions(Sakhalinskaya Oblast’,Primorskiy Krai,Khabarovskiy Krai,and Amurskaya Oblast’)of the FEFD.The Weibull distribution was used to predict the potential of green hydrogen production.Five different methods(Empirical Method of Justus(EMJ),Empirical Method of Lysen(EML),Maximum Likelihood Method(MLE),Power Density Method(PDM),and Median and Quartiles Method(MQM))were used to determine the parameters(scape factor and scale factor)of the Weibull distribution.We calculated the total electricity generation potential based on the technical specifications of the three wind turbines:Senvion 6150 onshore,H165-4.0 MW,and Vestas V150-4.2 MW.The results showed that Vladivostok,Pogibi,Ilyinskiy,Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Severo-Kuril’sk,Kholmsk,and Okha stations had the higher potential of green hydrogen production,of which Vladivostok exhibited the highest potential of green hydrogen production using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,up to 2.56×10^(5) kg/a.In terms of economic analysis,the levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)values of lower than 4.00 USD/kg were obtained at Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Ilyinskiy,Pogibi,and Vladivostok stations using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,with the values of 3.54,3.50,3.24,and 2.55 USD/kg,respectively.This study concluded that the FEFD possesses significant potential in the production of green hydrogen and,with appropriate investment,has the potential to become a significant hub for green hydrogen trading in the Asia-Pacific region.展开更多
1|Introduction The Federal Republic of Somalia,often perceived as linguistically homogeneous,is home to a rich tapestry of dialects and minority languages that reflect its diverse cultural heritage.While Somali is the...1|Introduction The Federal Republic of Somalia,often perceived as linguistically homogeneous,is home to a rich tapestry of dialects and minority languages that reflect its diverse cultural heritage.While Somali is the official medium of communication,it is divided into two major dialects:Maxaa Tiri(spoken by approximately 60%of the population)and Maay(spoken by approximately 20%of the population)[1].Minority languages such as Bravanese(also known as Chimwiini or Chimbalazi),Mushunguli,Benadiri Somali,and Kibajuni are spoken by smaller communities,particularly in the southern and coastal regions[1].展开更多
A new adaptive federal Kalman filter for a strapdown integrated navigation system/global positioning system (SINS/GPS) is given. The developed federal Kalman filter is based on the trace operation of parameters estima...A new adaptive federal Kalman filter for a strapdown integrated navigation system/global positioning system (SINS/GPS) is given. The developed federal Kalman filter is based on the trace operation of parameters estimation's error covariance matrix and the spectral radius of update measurement noise variance-covariance matrix for the proper choice of the filter weight and hence the filter gain factors. Theoretical analysis and results from simulation in which the SINS/GPS was compared to conventional Kalman filter are presented. Results show that the algorithm of this adaptive federal Kalman filter is simpler than that of the conventional one. Furthermore, it outperforms the conventional Kalman filter when the system is undertaken measurement malfunctions because of its possession of adaptive ability. This filter can be used in the vehicle integrated navigation system.展开更多
In this work is developed a proposal of environment indicators needed for the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) process in Mexico’s Federal District (FD);through which are authorized the construction and realizatio...In this work is developed a proposal of environment indicators needed for the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) process in Mexico’s Federal District (FD);through which are authorized the construction and realization of different work actions and activities. The methodology is based on the combination of cabinet and field work, performed in three stages. In the first, a documental review was carried out within the topic of Environment Impact (EI), the EIA and the study area, with a subsequent analysis of the environment indicators at an international, national and regional scale. In the second, the systematization of information was performed for the sixteen study cases at a local scale and the organization and analysis of a data base with the allotted information. And in the last stage, a field work was realized with participative observations in three verification sites and interview applications to the principal actors of the EIA process. These results allowed: to determine the main limitations within the EIA process (methodological, technical and operational), to propose an indicators scheme, and to formulate recommendations focused on the improvement of this Environment Public Policy instrument.展开更多
In the estimation and identification of nonlinear system state,aiming at the adverse effect of observation missing randomly caused by detection probability of used sensor which is less than 1,a novel federal extended ...In the estimation and identification of nonlinear system state,aiming at the adverse effect of observation missing randomly caused by detection probability of used sensor which is less than 1,a novel federal extended Kalman filter( FEKF) based on reconstructed observation in incomplete observations( ROIO) is proposed in this paper. On the basis of multi-sensor observation sets,the observation is exchanged at different times to construct a new observation set. Based on each observation set,an extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the state of the target,and then the federal filtering algorithm is used to solve the state estimation based on the multi-sensor observation data. The effect of the sensor probing probability on the filtering result and the effect of the number of sensors on the filtering result are obtained by the simulation experiment,respectively. The simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
This study analyzes the demarcation method of riverine and accreted land of the Brazilian Federal Heritage Department and proposes the incorporation of the flow rate corresponding to the recurrence interval of two yea...This study analyzes the demarcation method of riverine and accreted land of the Brazilian Federal Heritage Department and proposes the incorporation of the flow rate corresponding to the recurrence interval of two years, as recommended by the State Environmental Institute of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The case study of the Rio de Janeiro section of the Paraiba do Sul River was investigated, and the results indicate that the Federal Heritage Department’s method does not consider the ongoing anthropization of the river, caused mainly by the construction and operation of hydroelectric plants. In addition, it was observed that the limnimetric scales of the studied gauging stations are influenced by constant changes in the riverbed and by riverbank occupation, making it difficult to estimate the ordinary flood level. The study concludes by suggesting the adoption of a flow rate with a recurrence interval of two years and the simulation of the runoff conditions for demarcation of the average ordinary flood line.展开更多
Dear Editor,Te Veterans Health Administration(VHA)provides healthcare for over 9 million enrolled veterans with approximately 2.7 million of those residing in rural areas[1].Te MISSION Act of 2018 emphasizes VHA colla...Dear Editor,Te Veterans Health Administration(VHA)provides healthcare for over 9 million enrolled veterans with approximately 2.7 million of those residing in rural areas[1].Te MISSION Act of 2018 emphasizes VHA collaboration with Federally Qualifed Healthcare Centers(FQHC)to serve rural residing veterans and nearly all existing collaborations involve arrangement of payment for community-based care by VHA to FQHCs.Unfortunately,there is a paucity of descriptive clinical data on existing cross-system collaborations which may help characterize these veterans and aid understanding of conditions for which they may receive treatment across systems.Such data has implications for workforce training,development,and resource allocation[2].Te objective of this report is to describe diferent clinical profles between two mutually exclusive samples:veterans engaged in FQHC only use,and VHA-enrolled veterans engaged in dual VHA and FQHC use.展开更多
In 2018, US President Donald Trump repeatedly and publicly criticized the US Federal Reserve for raising interest rates too quickly, breaking the long-established precedent for presidents to refrain from intervening i...In 2018, US President Donald Trump repeatedly and publicly criticized the US Federal Reserve for raising interest rates too quickly, breaking the long-established precedent for presidents to refrain from intervening in monetary policy and putting the independence of the Federal Reserve into question. However, this is only the latest development of a longer process: since the financial crisis, the Federal Reserve has been gradually losing its independence, in a quiet and perhaps permanent way. There are several reasons for this trend: the Federal Reserve’s performance during the financial crisis undermined its credibility, the consolidation of political factors arranged against its independence, and the consequences of the financial crisis weakened the economic foundation for its independence. Trump’s rise to power has only strengthened these factors, bringing an additional loss of independence, which will have a profound impact on the economy, society, and politics.展开更多
In recent years,the type and quantity of news are growing rapidly,and it is not easy for users to find the news they are interested in the massive amount of news.A news recommendation system can score and predict the ...In recent years,the type and quantity of news are growing rapidly,and it is not easy for users to find the news they are interested in the massive amount of news.A news recommendation system can score and predict the candidate news,and finally recommend the news with high scores to users.However,existing user models usually only consider users’long-term interests and ignore users’recent interests,which affects users’usage experience.Therefore,this paper introduces gated recurrent unit(GRU)sequence network to capture users’short-term interests and combines users’short-term interests and long-terminterests to characterize users.While existing models often only use the user’s browsing history and ignore the variability of different users’interest in the same news,we introduce additional user’s ID information and apply the personalized attention mechanism for user representation.Thus,we achieve a more accurate user representation.We also consider the risk of compromising user privacy if the user model training is placed on the server side.To solve this problem,we design the training of the user model locally on the client side by introducing a federated learning framework to keep the user’s browsing history on the client side.We further employ secure multiparty computation to request news representations from the server side,which protects privacy to some extent.Extensive experiments on a real-world news dataset show that our proposed news recommendation model has a better improvement in several performance evaluation metrics.Compared with the current state-of-the-art federated news recommendation models,our model has increased by 0.54%in AUC,1.97%in MRR,2.59%in nDCG@5%,and 1.89%in nDCG@10.At the same time,because we use a federated learning framework,compared with other centralized news recommendation methods,we achieve privacy protection for users.展开更多
Introduction: Dyspareunia is one of the most common complaints in gynae-cologic practice with tremendous effect on both quality of life and sexual rela-tionship of women. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dys...Introduction: Dyspareunia is one of the most common complaints in gynae-cologic practice with tremendous effect on both quality of life and sexual rela-tionship of women. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life among gynaecology clinic attendees in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting participants between 12th May 2016 and 25th July 2016. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used collection information on dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life at the Gynaecology clinic. The data was analyzed using Epiinfo version 7.1.5. Results: One hundred and four (104) women participated in this study. Most of the women studied were Igbos (95.19%), and were mainly between the age ranges of 21 - 30 years (66.35%). Most of them were married (89.42%), and were also mainly of the Pentecostal denomination (40.78%). The mean age at coitarche was 20.6 ± 3.95 years. Prevalence of dyspareunia was 36% and only 16% sought medical help. The various responses to dyspareunia were avoidance of sex 11%, reduced frequency of intercourse 8%, less desire for sex 19%, while majority of women with dyspareunia tolerated it (62%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyspareunia is high in our society afflicting young women in their reproductive years with associated enormous stress on their sexual life.展开更多
The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europe...The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.展开更多
DEAR SIRS,Informenergo-Scientific and Technological Information Centerin Power Engineering and Electrification of Federal Russia is a stateorganization which deals with:-inquire and information servicing of enterprise...DEAR SIRS,Informenergo-Scientific and Technological Information Centerin Power Engineering and Electrification of Federal Russia is a stateorganization which deals with:-inquire and information servicing of enterprises,organizations,specialists with different scientific and technological data in thefield of power engineering (allotment of copies of original docu-ments,data bases,access to data bases,information about展开更多
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe)–BGR is Germany’s geoscientific centre of competence within the Federal Government and part of its s...The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe)–BGR is Germany’s geoscientific centre of competence within the Federal Government and part of its scientific and technical infrastructure.BGR is accountable to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology,providing independent advice and information on all geoscientific and natural resources issues.In particular,BGR supports the Federal Government in their following objectives.展开更多
FEDERAL MOGUL
在汽车零部件行业,每当人们提起Champion(冠军)、Ferodo(菲罗多)、Goetze(戈茨)、Payen(培英)、AE等品牌时,无不为其悠久的历史、精良的品质和享誉全球的知名度而倾倒,这些国际品牌在如林的竞争对手中独树一帜、久负盛誉...FEDERAL MOGUL
在汽车零部件行业,每当人们提起Champion(冠军)、Ferodo(菲罗多)、Goetze(戈茨)、Payen(培英)、AE等品牌时,无不为其悠久的历史、精良的品质和享誉全球的知名度而倾倒,这些国际品牌在如林的竞争对手中独树一帜、久负盛誉.它们犹如一颗颗璀灿的明星,汇集成了一个耀眼的星座,它就是当今世界汽车零部件工业的巨子、集二十余个世界著名品牌于一身的跨国集团--Federal-Mogul(辉门)公司.展开更多
Plain Language has made a great difference nowadays. As it turns out, Plain Language works effectively to express clearly, concisely and systematically. However, it is necessary for contemporary practitioners to revie...Plain Language has made a great difference nowadays. As it turns out, Plain Language works effectively to express clearly, concisely and systematically. However, it is necessary for contemporary practitioners to review the origin and development of Plain Language Movement and to examine whether it has thoroughly implemented Plain Language policies in every federal document. Examining a contemporary federal document against the Guidelines for Document Designers reveals existing problems for further development.展开更多
Load forecasting is a crucial aspect of intelligent Virtual Power Plant(VPP)management and ameans of balancing the relationship between distributed power grids and traditional power grids.However,due to the continuous...Load forecasting is a crucial aspect of intelligent Virtual Power Plant(VPP)management and ameans of balancing the relationship between distributed power grids and traditional power grids.However,due to the continuous emergence of power consumption peaks,the power supply quality of the power grid cannot be guaranteed.Therefore,an intelligent calculation method is required to effectively predict the load,enabling better power grid dispatching and ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.This paper proposes a decentralized heterogeneous federated distillation learning algorithm(DHFDL)to promote trusted federated learning(FL)between different federates in the blockchain.The algorithm comprises two stages:common knowledge accumulation and personalized training.In the first stage,each federate on the blockchain is treated as ameta-distribution.After aggregating the knowledge of each federate circularly,the model is uploaded to the blockchain.In the second stage,other federates on the blockchain download the trained model for personalized training,both of which are based on knowledge distillation.Experimental results demonstrate that the DHFDL algorithmproposed in this paper can resist a higher proportion of malicious code compared to FedAvg and a Blockchain-based Federated Learning framework with Committee consensus(BFLC).Additionally,by combining asynchronous consensus with the FL model training process,the DHFDL training time is the shortest,and the training efficiency of decentralized FL is improved.展开更多
China＇s central government undertook major tax regime reform in 1994 that was characterized by fiscal federalism. In hindsight, this reform might be viewed as being more emphatic towards the revenue side than the exp...China＇s central government undertook major tax regime reform in 1994 that was characterized by fiscal federalism. In hindsight, this reform might be viewed as being more emphatic towards the revenue side than the expenditure side. The reform has resulted in certain success both for revenue shifting and inflation fighting purposes. However, the reform and its subsequent follow-ups have not addressed some fundamental issues pertaining to China＇s government finance system, such as the overhauling of the function of government finance and redrawing lines between the central and regional governments with regard to their fiscal responsibilities and duties. Moreover, fiscal federalism might have actually increased fiscal burden on the economy, especially on domestic sectors of the economy. However, coupled with enhanced policy support for China＇ s external development, fiscal federalism might have helped to further accelerate resource shifts toward the external sector, thus resulting in an unprecedented rapid expansion in China＇ s exports since the mid1990s.展开更多
This paper underscores a critique of Nigeria's choice of a federal option,the current state of which has led to the incessant clamour,across the nation for restructuring.Federalism in Nigeria since 1960 was adopte...This paper underscores a critique of Nigeria's choice of a federal option,the current state of which has led to the incessant clamour,across the nation for restructuring.Federalism in Nigeria since 1960 was adopted to accommodate the nation^heterogeneous culture with the sole aim of maintaining unity in diversity.The dysfunctional system has been observed to be the main bane of Nigeria underdevelopment,instability,and absence of good governance all of which can negatively affect the achievement of a sustainable national development plan like the Vision 2030.This paper argues that Nigeria is yet to evolve a truly federal system capable of taking care of its numerous challenges.Writing from a historical perspective,the paper uncovers that there are logical inconsistencies in Nigeria’s practice of federalism.What gets here is a hidden unitary framework.The call for restructuring is in a general sense borne out of some apparent degrees of foul play and disparity presently perceived by the part units emerging from defective federalism.Understood in the above is that the necessary ingredients of sustainable democracy and governance are completely lacking in Nigeria.Thus,if the proposed Vision 2030 or any other national development plan is to be accomplished,there has to be a restructuring of the dysfunctional political system;a restructuring that devolves power to the federating units leaving the federal government with vital aspects like defence,foreign affairs among others;a return to the regional arrangement of the past.展开更多
文摘The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.
文摘There is a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources.Green hydrogen has the potential to become one of the major energy carriers in the future.The Russian Federation,in partnership with countries in the Asia-Pacific region and especially China,has the potential to play a significant role in green hydrogen market.This study assessed the potential of developing green hydrogen energy based on wind power in the Far Eastern Federal District(FEFD)of the Russian Federation.Empirical wind speed data were collected from 20 meteorological stations in 4 regions(Sakhalinskaya Oblast’,Primorskiy Krai,Khabarovskiy Krai,and Amurskaya Oblast’)of the FEFD.The Weibull distribution was used to predict the potential of green hydrogen production.Five different methods(Empirical Method of Justus(EMJ),Empirical Method of Lysen(EML),Maximum Likelihood Method(MLE),Power Density Method(PDM),and Median and Quartiles Method(MQM))were used to determine the parameters(scape factor and scale factor)of the Weibull distribution.We calculated the total electricity generation potential based on the technical specifications of the three wind turbines:Senvion 6150 onshore,H165-4.0 MW,and Vestas V150-4.2 MW.The results showed that Vladivostok,Pogibi,Ilyinskiy,Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Severo-Kuril’sk,Kholmsk,and Okha stations had the higher potential of green hydrogen production,of which Vladivostok exhibited the highest potential of green hydrogen production using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,up to 2.56×10^(5) kg/a.In terms of economic analysis,the levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)values of lower than 4.00 USD/kg were obtained at Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Ilyinskiy,Pogibi,and Vladivostok stations using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,with the values of 3.54,3.50,3.24,and 2.55 USD/kg,respectively.This study concluded that the FEFD possesses significant potential in the production of green hydrogen and,with appropriate investment,has the potential to become a significant hub for green hydrogen trading in the Asia-Pacific region.
文摘1|Introduction The Federal Republic of Somalia,often perceived as linguistically homogeneous,is home to a rich tapestry of dialects and minority languages that reflect its diverse cultural heritage.While Somali is the official medium of communication,it is divided into two major dialects:Maxaa Tiri(spoken by approximately 60%of the population)and Maay(spoken by approximately 20%of the population)[1].Minority languages such as Bravanese(also known as Chimwiini or Chimbalazi),Mushunguli,Benadiri Somali,and Kibajuni are spoken by smaller communities,particularly in the southern and coastal regions[1].
文摘A new adaptive federal Kalman filter for a strapdown integrated navigation system/global positioning system (SINS/GPS) is given. The developed federal Kalman filter is based on the trace operation of parameters estimation's error covariance matrix and the spectral radius of update measurement noise variance-covariance matrix for the proper choice of the filter weight and hence the filter gain factors. Theoretical analysis and results from simulation in which the SINS/GPS was compared to conventional Kalman filter are presented. Results show that the algorithm of this adaptive federal Kalman filter is simpler than that of the conventional one. Furthermore, it outperforms the conventional Kalman filter when the system is undertaken measurement malfunctions because of its possession of adaptive ability. This filter can be used in the vehicle integrated navigation system.
文摘In this work is developed a proposal of environment indicators needed for the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) process in Mexico’s Federal District (FD);through which are authorized the construction and realization of different work actions and activities. The methodology is based on the combination of cabinet and field work, performed in three stages. In the first, a documental review was carried out within the topic of Environment Impact (EI), the EIA and the study area, with a subsequent analysis of the environment indicators at an international, national and regional scale. In the second, the systematization of information was performed for the sixteen study cases at a local scale and the organization and analysis of a data base with the allotted information. And in the last stage, a field work was realized with participative observations in three verification sites and interview applications to the principal actors of the EIA process. These results allowed: to determine the main limitations within the EIA process (methodological, technical and operational), to propose an indicators scheme, and to formulate recommendations focused on the improvement of this Environment Public Policy instrument.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.61771006)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.LSIT201711D)+1 种基金the Outstanding Young Cultivation Foundation of Henan university(No.0000A40366) the Basic and Advanced Technology Foundation of Henan Province(No.152300410195)
文摘In the estimation and identification of nonlinear system state,aiming at the adverse effect of observation missing randomly caused by detection probability of used sensor which is less than 1,a novel federal extended Kalman filter( FEKF) based on reconstructed observation in incomplete observations( ROIO) is proposed in this paper. On the basis of multi-sensor observation sets,the observation is exchanged at different times to construct a new observation set. Based on each observation set,an extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the state of the target,and then the federal filtering algorithm is used to solve the state estimation based on the multi-sensor observation data. The effect of the sensor probing probability on the filtering result and the effect of the number of sensors on the filtering result are obtained by the simulation experiment,respectively. The simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
文摘This study analyzes the demarcation method of riverine and accreted land of the Brazilian Federal Heritage Department and proposes the incorporation of the flow rate corresponding to the recurrence interval of two years, as recommended by the State Environmental Institute of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The case study of the Rio de Janeiro section of the Paraiba do Sul River was investigated, and the results indicate that the Federal Heritage Department’s method does not consider the ongoing anthropization of the river, caused mainly by the construction and operation of hydroelectric plants. In addition, it was observed that the limnimetric scales of the studied gauging stations are influenced by constant changes in the riverbed and by riverbank occupation, making it difficult to estimate the ordinary flood level. The study concludes by suggesting the adoption of a flow rate with a recurrence interval of two years and the simulation of the runoff conditions for demarcation of the average ordinary flood line.
基金supported in part by an award from the VHA Office of Rural Health,Veterans Rural Health Resource CenterDIowa City(VRHRC-IC),Iowa City VA Health Care System,Iowa City,IA(Award#7345)。
文摘Dear Editor,Te Veterans Health Administration(VHA)provides healthcare for over 9 million enrolled veterans with approximately 2.7 million of those residing in rural areas[1].Te MISSION Act of 2018 emphasizes VHA collaboration with Federally Qualifed Healthcare Centers(FQHC)to serve rural residing veterans and nearly all existing collaborations involve arrangement of payment for community-based care by VHA to FQHCs.Unfortunately,there is a paucity of descriptive clinical data on existing cross-system collaborations which may help characterize these veterans and aid understanding of conditions for which they may receive treatment across systems.Such data has implications for workforce training,development,and resource allocation[2].Te objective of this report is to describe diferent clinical profles between two mutually exclusive samples:veterans engaged in FQHC only use,and VHA-enrolled veterans engaged in dual VHA and FQHC use.
文摘In 2018, US President Donald Trump repeatedly and publicly criticized the US Federal Reserve for raising interest rates too quickly, breaking the long-established precedent for presidents to refrain from intervening in monetary policy and putting the independence of the Federal Reserve into question. However, this is only the latest development of a longer process: since the financial crisis, the Federal Reserve has been gradually losing its independence, in a quiet and perhaps permanent way. There are several reasons for this trend: the Federal Reserve’s performance during the financial crisis undermined its credibility, the consolidation of political factors arranged against its independence, and the consequences of the financial crisis weakened the economic foundation for its independence. Trump’s rise to power has only strengthened these factors, bringing an additional loss of independence, which will have a profound impact on the economy, society, and politics.
文摘In recent years,the type and quantity of news are growing rapidly,and it is not easy for users to find the news they are interested in the massive amount of news.A news recommendation system can score and predict the candidate news,and finally recommend the news with high scores to users.However,existing user models usually only consider users’long-term interests and ignore users’recent interests,which affects users’usage experience.Therefore,this paper introduces gated recurrent unit(GRU)sequence network to capture users’short-term interests and combines users’short-term interests and long-terminterests to characterize users.While existing models often only use the user’s browsing history and ignore the variability of different users’interest in the same news,we introduce additional user’s ID information and apply the personalized attention mechanism for user representation.Thus,we achieve a more accurate user representation.We also consider the risk of compromising user privacy if the user model training is placed on the server side.To solve this problem,we design the training of the user model locally on the client side by introducing a federated learning framework to keep the user’s browsing history on the client side.We further employ secure multiparty computation to request news representations from the server side,which protects privacy to some extent.Extensive experiments on a real-world news dataset show that our proposed news recommendation model has a better improvement in several performance evaluation metrics.Compared with the current state-of-the-art federated news recommendation models,our model has increased by 0.54%in AUC,1.97%in MRR,2.59%in nDCG@5%,and 1.89%in nDCG@10.At the same time,because we use a federated learning framework,compared with other centralized news recommendation methods,we achieve privacy protection for users.
文摘Introduction: Dyspareunia is one of the most common complaints in gynae-cologic practice with tremendous effect on both quality of life and sexual rela-tionship of women. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life among gynaecology clinic attendees in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting participants between 12th May 2016 and 25th July 2016. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used collection information on dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life at the Gynaecology clinic. The data was analyzed using Epiinfo version 7.1.5. Results: One hundred and four (104) women participated in this study. Most of the women studied were Igbos (95.19%), and were mainly between the age ranges of 21 - 30 years (66.35%). Most of them were married (89.42%), and were also mainly of the Pentecostal denomination (40.78%). The mean age at coitarche was 20.6 ± 3.95 years. Prevalence of dyspareunia was 36% and only 16% sought medical help. The various responses to dyspareunia were avoidance of sex 11%, reduced frequency of intercourse 8%, less desire for sex 19%, while majority of women with dyspareunia tolerated it (62%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyspareunia is high in our society afflicting young women in their reproductive years with associated enormous stress on their sexual life.
文摘The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.
文摘DEAR SIRS,Informenergo-Scientific and Technological Information Centerin Power Engineering and Electrification of Federal Russia is a stateorganization which deals with:-inquire and information servicing of enterprises,organizations,specialists with different scientific and technological data in thefield of power engineering (allotment of copies of original docu-ments,data bases,access to data bases,information about
文摘The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe)–BGR is Germany’s geoscientific centre of competence within the Federal Government and part of its scientific and technical infrastructure.BGR is accountable to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology,providing independent advice and information on all geoscientific and natural resources issues.In particular,BGR supports the Federal Government in their following objectives.
文摘Plain Language has made a great difference nowadays. As it turns out, Plain Language works effectively to express clearly, concisely and systematically. However, it is necessary for contemporary practitioners to review the origin and development of Plain Language Movement and to examine whether it has thoroughly implemented Plain Language policies in every federal document. Examining a contemporary federal document against the Guidelines for Document Designers reveals existing problems for further development.
基金supported by the Research and application of Power Business Data Security and Trusted Collaborative Sharing Technology Based on Blockchain and Multi-Party Security Computing(J2022057).
文摘Load forecasting is a crucial aspect of intelligent Virtual Power Plant(VPP)management and ameans of balancing the relationship between distributed power grids and traditional power grids.However,due to the continuous emergence of power consumption peaks,the power supply quality of the power grid cannot be guaranteed.Therefore,an intelligent calculation method is required to effectively predict the load,enabling better power grid dispatching and ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.This paper proposes a decentralized heterogeneous federated distillation learning algorithm(DHFDL)to promote trusted federated learning(FL)between different federates in the blockchain.The algorithm comprises two stages:common knowledge accumulation and personalized training.In the first stage,each federate on the blockchain is treated as ameta-distribution.After aggregating the knowledge of each federate circularly,the model is uploaded to the blockchain.In the second stage,other federates on the blockchain download the trained model for personalized training,both of which are based on knowledge distillation.Experimental results demonstrate that the DHFDL algorithmproposed in this paper can resist a higher proportion of malicious code compared to FedAvg and a Blockchain-based Federated Learning framework with Committee consensus(BFLC).Additionally,by combining asynchronous consensus with the FL model training process,the DHFDL training time is the shortest,and the training efficiency of decentralized FL is improved.
文摘China＇s central government undertook major tax regime reform in 1994 that was characterized by fiscal federalism. In hindsight, this reform might be viewed as being more emphatic towards the revenue side than the expenditure side. The reform has resulted in certain success both for revenue shifting and inflation fighting purposes. However, the reform and its subsequent follow-ups have not addressed some fundamental issues pertaining to China＇s government finance system, such as the overhauling of the function of government finance and redrawing lines between the central and regional governments with regard to their fiscal responsibilities and duties. Moreover, fiscal federalism might have actually increased fiscal burden on the economy, especially on domestic sectors of the economy. However, coupled with enhanced policy support for China＇ s external development, fiscal federalism might have helped to further accelerate resource shifts toward the external sector, thus resulting in an unprecedented rapid expansion in China＇ s exports since the mid1990s.
文摘This paper underscores a critique of Nigeria's choice of a federal option,the current state of which has led to the incessant clamour,across the nation for restructuring.Federalism in Nigeria since 1960 was adopted to accommodate the nation^heterogeneous culture with the sole aim of maintaining unity in diversity.The dysfunctional system has been observed to be the main bane of Nigeria underdevelopment,instability,and absence of good governance all of which can negatively affect the achievement of a sustainable national development plan like the Vision 2030.This paper argues that Nigeria is yet to evolve a truly federal system capable of taking care of its numerous challenges.Writing from a historical perspective,the paper uncovers that there are logical inconsistencies in Nigeria’s practice of federalism.What gets here is a hidden unitary framework.The call for restructuring is in a general sense borne out of some apparent degrees of foul play and disparity presently perceived by the part units emerging from defective federalism.Understood in the above is that the necessary ingredients of sustainable democracy and governance are completely lacking in Nigeria.Thus,if the proposed Vision 2030 or any other national development plan is to be accomplished,there has to be a restructuring of the dysfunctional political system;a restructuring that devolves power to the federating units leaving the federal government with vital aspects like defence,foreign affairs among others;a return to the regional arrangement of the past.
