Fish feces affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems,and they are affected by the functional fish organizations.In this research,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,and Cyprinus carpio w...Fish feces affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems,and they are affected by the functional fish organizations.In this research,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,and Cyprinus carpio were selected to study the effects of different functional fish organizations on the fractal characteristics of fecal micro-structure by scanning electron microscopes(SEM),particles(pores)and cracks analysis system(PCAS).The results showed that fish feces pores mainly consisted of medium pores(cumulative pore number,97%)classified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).The grain area fractal dimension D_(1) and the pore-number and pore-size fractal dimension D_(2) were 1.94-1.96 and 2.07-2.19,respectively.The distribution of fish feces pores was very close to the Sierpinski carpet structure,which is the basic fractal construction methods widely used to describe the fractal of pore surface distribution.D_(1)(1.96)and D_(2)(2.19)of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were the maximum values of the three functional organizations.Combining with the habit of fish,it is inferred that the feces of H.molitrix,the finer the feed and the faster the swimming of fish,the higher the content of feces clay,the larger the fractal dimension of feces,the easier it is to decompose feces,and the high the content of nutrients and organic matter to release into the water.It is demined that fish functional organizations affected the fractal characteristics and the stability of fish feces in water.This study is helpful for further research on water quality prediction and the impact of functional fish organizations on the structure and function of the ecosystem.展开更多
Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） fe...Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow＇s feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied.展开更多
Novel non-/minimally-invasive and effective approaches are urgently needed to supplement and improve current strategies for diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Overwhelming evidence from publishe...Novel non-/minimally-invasive and effective approaches are urgently needed to supplement and improve current strategies for diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Overwhelming evidence from published studies on HCC has documented that multiple molecular biomarkers detected in body fluids and feces can be utilized in early-diagnosis,predicting responses to specific therapies,evaluating prognosis before or after therapy,as well as serving as novel therapeutic targets.Detection and analysis of proteins,metabolites,circulating nucleic acids,circulating tumor cells,and extracellular vesicles in body fluids(e.g.,blood and urine)and gut microbiota(e.g.,in feces)have excellent capabilities to improve different aspects of management of HCC.Numerous studies have been devoted in identifying more promising candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring responses of HCC to conventional therapies,most of which may improve diagnosis and management of HCC in the future.This review aimed to summarize recent advances in utilizing these biomarkers in HCC and discuss their clinical significance.展开更多
Antarctica and the Arctic are the coldest places, containing a high diversity of microorganisms, including viruses,which are important components of polar ecosystems. However, owing to the difficulties in obtaining ac...Antarctica and the Arctic are the coldest places, containing a high diversity of microorganisms, including viruses,which are important components of polar ecosystems. However, owing to the difficulties in obtaining access to animal and environmental samples, the current knowledge of viromes in polar regions is still limited. To better understand polar viromes, this study performed a retrospective analysis using metagenomic sequencing data of animal feces from Antarctica and frozen soil from the Arctic collected during 2012–2014. The results reveal diverse communities of DNA and RNA viruses from at least 23 families from Antarctic animal feces and 16families from Arctic soils. Although the viral communities from Antarctica and the Arctic show a large diversity,they have genetic similarities with known viruses from different ecosystems and organisms with similar viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of Microviridae, Parvoviridae, and Larvidaviridae was further performed, and complete genomic sequences of two novel circular replication-associated protein(rep)-encoding single-stranded(CRESS) DNA viruses closely related to Circoviridae were identified. These results reveal the high diversity,complexity, and novelty of viral communities from polar regions, and suggested the genetic similarity and functional correlations of viromes between the Antarctica and Arctic. Variations in viral families in Arctic soils,Arctic freshwater, and Antarctic soils are discussed. These findings improve our understanding of polar viromes and suggest the importance of performing follow-up in-depth investigations of animal and environmental samples from Antarctica and the Arctic, which would reveal the substantial role of these viruses in the global viral community.展开更多
Animals excrete feces during grazing. The uneven distribution of feces causes a spatial heterogeneity in grassland communities. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of feces on spatial distribution patte...Animals excrete feces during grazing. The uneven distribution of feces causes a spatial heterogeneity in grassland communities. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of feces on spatial distribution patterns of plant species. A field study was conducted on four grasslands each grazed by a single cow. These four grasslands were defined as Poa pratensis （Kentucky bluegrass） dominated grassland without feces （PoF-）, Poa pratensis dominated grassland with feces （PoF＋）, Zoysia japonica Steud. （Japanese lawngrass） dominated grassland without feces （ZyF-）, and Zoysia japonica Steud. dominated grassland with feces （ZyF＋）. A 50 m line that transects 100 equally spaced quadrats （L-quadrats） was drawn on each of the four grasslands. Each quadrat was 0.50 m × 0.50 m in size and consisted of four equal-area cells of 0.25 m ×0.25 m （S-quadrats）. The occurrences of all plant species were recorded in each S-quadrat. The binomial distribution （BD） and beta-binomial distribution （BBD） were used to represent the variation in spatial patterns. The BBD provided a significant description of the frequency distribution of plants per quadrat. A power law was used to calculate the spatial heterogeneity of each species together with the community heterogeneity. The results revealed that the plants on each of the four grasslands were aggregatively distributed. The ZyF＋ exhibited greater spatial heterogeneity than the ZyF-due to the uneven deposition of feces by cows grazing on the grasslands. Additionally we also found that the feces had effect on the heterogeneity inZyF＋ and did not have effect in PoF＋.展开更多
In order to clarify whether the planktivorous silver carp and bighead carp can collect phytoplanktonas small as Cyclotella(【20μm)in Donghu Lake,studies on phytoplankton in their gut contents and feceswere made in 19...In order to clarify whether the planktivorous silver carp and bighead carp can collect phytoplanktonas small as Cyclotella(【20μm)in Donghu Lake,studies on phytoplankton in their gut contents and feceswere made in 1990.The fish were cultured in both net cage in Donghu Lake and aquaria with the lakewater.Past the intestine,the average valve diameter of Cyclotella changed little.The average ratio of emptyfrustule of Cyclotella to total Cyclotella in the foregut contents of the fishes were 1.8—1.9 times higherthan that in the lake water,but changed little from foregut to feces.The aquarium experiment showedthat both carps could collect particles as small as 8-10μm, which was obviously narrower than the dis-tance between their gill rakers.Probably,secretion of mucus plays an important role in collecting suchsmall展开更多
Molecular microbiological methods, such as competetive PCR, real-time PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and large-scale parallel-pyrosequencing, require the extraction of sufficient quantity of high ...Molecular microbiological methods, such as competetive PCR, real-time PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and large-scale parallel-pyrosequencing, require the extraction of sufficient quantity of high quality DNA from microbiologically and chemically complex matrices. Due to difficulties in the field to standardize/select the optimum DNA preservation-extraction methods in view of laboratories differences, this article attempts to present a straight-forward mathematical framework for comparing some of the most commonly used methods. To this end, as a case study, the problem of selecting an optimum sample preservation-DNA extraction strategy for obtaining total bacterial DNA from swine feces was considered. Two sample preservation methods (liquid nitrogen and RNAlater?) and seven extraction techniques were paired and compared under six quantitative DNA analysis criteria: yield of extraction, purity of extracted DNA (A260/280 and A 260/230 ratios), duration of extraction, degradation degree of DNA, and cost. From a practical point of view, it is unlikely that a single sample preservation-DNA extraction strategy can be optimum for all selected criteria. Hence, a systematic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was used to compare the methods. As a result, the ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrepTM DNA extraction kit for samples preserved either with liquid nitrogen or RNAlater? were identified as potential optimum solutions for obtaining total bacterial DNA from swine feces. Considering the need for practicality for in situ applications, we would recommend liquid nitrogen as sample preservation method, along with the ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrepTM kit. Total bacterial DNA obtained by this strategy can be suitable for downstream PCR-based DNA analyses of swine feces.展开更多
Objective: To determine the occurrence of CTX-M producing Escherichia coli(E. coli)from cattle feces in Bogor slaughterhouse, Indonesia.Methods: A total of 220 cattle feces samples were collected from Bogor slaughterh...Objective: To determine the occurrence of CTX-M producing Escherichia coli(E. coli)from cattle feces in Bogor slaughterhouse, Indonesia.Methods: A total of 220 cattle feces samples were collected from Bogor slaughterhouse from March to April 2015. Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL) producing E. coli was detected by disc diffusion test based on the recommendation from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(2014). Bacterial strains which were confirmed as producing ESBLs were further analyzed for the presence of bla genes of the ESBL by PCR.Results: The results showed that CTX-M producing E. coli isolates were detected in 19 samples from 220 samples(8.6%). The b-lactamase genes detected were CTX-M-1(n = 10) and CTX-M-9(n = 9). All of the CTX-M producing E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotypes to at least four antibiotics. The highest incidence of antibiotics resistance was showed to ampicillin(100.0%), cefotaxime(100.0%), and cefpodoxime(100.0%), followed by streptomycin(84.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(73.7%), erythromycin(52.6%), kanamycin(26.3%), doxycycline(10.5%), and ceftazidime(0.0%).Conclusions: Detection of CTX-M-producing E. coli in cattle feces raises important questions as they can represent a potential risk factor to public health.展开更多
As the connecting part of diet and host physiology,intestinal microbes can convert the ingested diet into a huge number of physiologically active small molecules.Indole metabolites of tryptophan are precursors or sign...As the connecting part of diet and host physiology,intestinal microbes can convert the ingested diet into a huge number of physiologically active small molecules.Indole metabolites of tryptophan are precursors or signal molecules for many biologically active substances,which are involved in serotonin and microbial catabolism pathways.To understand the influence of tryptophan metabolism in the intestinal environment on the neurological and immune systems at the molecular level,it is important to establish a high-coverage analytical method to comprehensively analyze the metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism.However,due to a small molecular weight and poor response during mass spectrometry analysis,as well as weak retention on the reversed-phase chromatography,determination of indole metabolites of tryptophan is challenging.Here,we proposed a method for the simultaneous determination of 20 indole metabolites of tryptophan in a single run on reversed-phase chromatography by chemical labeling coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde(DMAB)was used for the labeling of indole metabolites of tryptophan,which could significantly improve the detection sensitivities and retention of these metabolites on reversed-phase chromatography.With the developed method,we realized the sensitive detection and comprehensive analysis of 15 endogenous indole metabolites of tryptophan in rat feces samples with functional dyspepsia intervention by acupuncture.The developed method offers a useful tool for studying tryptophan metabolism-related diseases.展开更多
Background:As an important player during food digestion,gut microbiota has attracted much attention in diet adaptation studies in birds.Microbiota extracted from feces has been widely used as a proxy for gut microbiot...Background:As an important player during food digestion,gut microbiota has attracted much attention in diet adaptation studies in birds.Microbiota extracted from feces has been widely used as a proxy for gut microbiota.Although several methods have been developed for microbial DNA extraction,their performances in the bird feces have not been systematacially evaluated yet.Methods:In this study,we applied three DNA extraction methods(Qiagen,MoBio and Bead)to extract DNA from feces of three avian dietary guilds(granivore,omnivore and carnivore),sequenced V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for each extract and evaluated the performances of DNA yield,DNA integrity,microbial composition,cell lysis capacity and alpha diversity for the three methods on each dietary guild.Results:Bead method was the best on the performance of both DNA yield and DNA integrity regardless of dietary guild.In granivore,microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels,alpha diversity and cell lysis capacity were comparable among all methods.In omnivore,Qiagen had the best performance on alpha diversity,fol-lowed by Bead and MoBio.There were small variations on microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels among different extraction methods.MoBio exhibited the best performance on cell lysis capacity.In carnivore,considerable variations were found on microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels.Qiagen had the best performance on alpha diversity,followed by MoBio and Bead.MoBio had the highest cell lysis capacity.Conclusions:DNA yield and integrity have no obvious impact on microbial composition,alpha diversity or cell lysis capacity.The microbiota results(e.g.,microbial composition,cell lysis capacity,alpha diversity)obtained from differ-ent methods are comparable in granivorous avian species but not in omnivorous or carnivorous birds.Either method could be used in granivore microbiota studies.For omnivores and carnivores,we recommend Qiagen method when the research purpose is microbial diversity and MoBio when gram-positive bacteria is the research target.展开更多
Fecal indicators of nutritional status of wild ungulates were less constrained than that of blood, rumen contents, or urine analyses. Thus, we compared the nitrogen and fiber concentrations of feces with those of the ...Fecal indicators of nutritional status of wild ungulates were less constrained than that of blood, rumen contents, or urine analyses. Thus, we compared the nitrogen and fiber concentrations of feces with those of the rumen contents of Mongolian gazelles (Procapra guttrurosa) in Hulunbeier Grassland. Rumen contents and fecal nutritional concentrations varied in different seasons. Dietary nitrogen concentrations only increased linearly with increase nitrogen concentration in fecal in winter. There was a positive correlation between rumen NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and fecal NDF concentrations. But the regression coefficient was small (r=0.3917). There was a significant regression equation between rumen contents ADF (acid detergent fiber) and fecal ADF concentrations,as well as ADL (acid detergent lignin) concentrations. Nitrogen concentration was found to be negatively correlated with NDF ADF and ADL concentrations both in rumen and in fecal compositions. Our data suggest that fecal nitrogen, ADF ADL concentrations may assess winter dietary qualities that are in protein, crude fiber and lignin concentrations for Mongolian gazelles.展开更多
The behavioral video recordings of the gray-backed shrike Lanius tephronotus revealed that parent birds eat the feces produced by their nestlings.“Parental nutrition hypothesis”attributes the origin of this behavior...The behavioral video recordings of the gray-backed shrike Lanius tephronotus revealed that parent birds eat the feces produced by their nestlings.“Parental nutrition hypothesis”attributes the origin of this behavior to nutrition-recovery and cost-saving,respectively.However,the presence of usable nutrients in the nestlings’feces is unknown because of traditional technology.In this study,we analyzed all the metabolites and the variations in the diversity and content of microbes in the feces of gray-backed shrike nestlings.We aimed to report the changes in microbes and metabolites with the age of nestlings and point out that the parent birds that eat the feces may gain potential nutrition benefits.The results showed that the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidota,changed significantly when the nestlings were 6 days old.The relative abundances of 6 probiotics,which are involved in digestion,metabolism,and immunity-related physiological functions,decreased in the nestlings’feces gradually with age;therefore,these probiotics may be obtained by parent birds upon ingestion of the feces of young nestlings.Among the metabolites that were detected,20 were lipids and some had a role in anti-parasitic functions and wound healing;however,their relative contents decreased with age.These beneficial substances in the nestlings’feces may stimulate the parents to swallow the feces.Moreover,there were many aromatic metabolites in the newly hatched nestlings’feces,but the content of bitter metabolites increased as they grew up.Therefore,our results are in accordance with the nutritional hypothesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alterations in plasma and intestinal metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC).AIM To explore the common and different metabolites in the plasma and ...BACKGROUND Alterations in plasma and intestinal metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC).AIM To explore the common and different metabolites in the plasma and feces of patients with ALC and evaluate their clinical implications.METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,27 patients with ALC and 24 healthy controls(HCs)were selected,and plasma and feces samples were collected.Liver function,blood routine,and other indicators were detected with automatic biochemical and blood routine analyzers.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the plasma and feces metabolites of the two groups and the metabolomics of plasma and feces.Also,the correlation between metabolites and clinical features was analyzed.RESULTS More than 300 common metabolites were identified in the plasma and feces of patients with ALC.Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites are enriched in bile acid and amino acid metabolic pathways.Compared to HCs,patients with ALC had a higher level of glycocholic acid(GCA)and taurocholic acid(TCA)in plasma and a lower level of deoxycholic acid(DCA)in the feces,while L-threonine,L-phenylalanine,and L-tyrosine increased simultaneously in plasma and feces.GCA,TCA,L-methionine,L-phenylalanine,and L-tyrosine in plasma were positively correlated with total bilirubin(TBil),prothrombin time(PT),and maddrey discriminant function score(MDF)and negatively correlated with cholinesterase(CHE)and albumin(ALB).The DCA in feces was negatively correlated with TBil,MDF,and PT and positively correlated with CHE and ALB.Moreover,we established a P/S BA ratio of plasma primary bile acid(GCA and TCA)to fecal secondary bile acid(DCA),which was relevant to TBil,PT,and MDF score.CONCLUSION The enrichment of GCA,TCA,L-phenylalanine,L-tyrosine,and L-methionine in the plasma of patients with ALC and the reduction of DCA in feces were related to the severity of ALC.These metabolites may be used as indicators to evaluate the progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis.展开更多
Swertisin contents in rat urine,feces and tissues were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） method.Chromatographic separations were performed on a C18 column with acetonitrile...Swertisin contents in rat urine,feces and tissues were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） method.Chromatographic separations were performed on a C18 column with acetonitrile-water（23：77,v/v） as the mobile phase.The calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 0.175-35.0μg/mL for rat urine,0.5-60.0μg/mL for rat feces,and 0.014 to 53.0μg/mL for all tissues.The inter-and intra-day precisions and accuracy for all measured samples were satisfactory.The fully validated method was applied for tissue distribution and excretion of swertisin in rat urine and bile after intravenous administration.The maximum level of swertisin was found in kidney,which reached 83.87± 6.36μg/g.In rat heart,swertisin was hardly detected under used experimental conditions.Swetisin level in liver,kidney,stomach,smooth muscle and skeletal muscle continued to decrease from 5 to 60min.Swertisin showed increasing tendency in intestine,spleen and testis tissues at scheduled time points.Detectable swertisin was found in brain and lung tissue.Totally 11.9% swertisin dose was cumulatively excreted from urine in 60h after intravenous administration.There was small amount of swertisin in rat feces and the cumulative excretion level reached 4.59% of intravenous dose in 60h.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> contamination in poultry and poultry product has been reported worldwide. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in poultry feces using selective enrichment Bolton broth and multiplex PCR. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Two methods were used in this study</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the first </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">direct</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plating of poultry feces into mCCDA agar plates. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The second</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, three</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> antibiotics were used at different concentrations to add in Bolton broth supplemented. These antibiotics were Rifampicin (Oxoid, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L, colistin (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 1</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL and 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL;trimethoprim (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L. The colonies with typical </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphology on blood agar (little, red </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ring colonies) were further identified to the species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The addition of colistin (2</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL) to the Bolton broth with selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains. Out of the 52 feces samples, 18 (34.61%) were positive for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and direct plating on mCCDA 11 (21.15%) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains (p < 0.05). The PCR results have shown that 17 (94.45%) of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains detected belonged to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5.55%) strain to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Although it </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s known to be difficult to isolate </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from animal feces samples, this study show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span><span> that antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of </span><i><span>Campylobacter</span></i><span> from poultry feces.展开更多
Monoclonal antibodies against colon and pancreatic cancer, CL-2, CL-3, PS-9, PS-10, were used to detect the associated antigens in feces of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma and non-cancer diseases. Binding inh...Monoclonal antibodies against colon and pancreatic cancer, CL-2, CL-3, PS-9, PS-10, were used to detect the associated antigens in feces of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma and non-cancer diseases. Binding inhibition test by SABC-ELISA method were performed for the measurement of the antigen level. Results showed that the associated antigen detected in feces of patients with colon cancer were significantly higher than that of non-cancer disease or normal subjects. The positive rates were 61.1% as detected with CL-2; 53.4% with CL-3; 55.0%, PS-9; and 53.3% PS-10 in cancer patients while that in normal subjects were 7%; 9%; 8%; and 8% respectively. When 'cocktail' of CL-2, PS-9 and PS-10 were used, the positive rates were 92.5% in colon cancer and 14% in normal subjects. In seven out of the sixty patients with colon cancer studied who were graded as Dukes A, the results were all positive. The results seem superior to the serologic detection and may provide a promising new approach in the early diagnosis of colon cancer.展开更多
With the fast development of livestock breeding,serious environmental pollution issues caused by the large accumulation of animal feces have arisen increasingly. It is of great importance to re-use these organic matte...With the fast development of livestock breeding,serious environmental pollution issues caused by the large accumulation of animal feces have arisen increasingly. It is of great importance to re-use these organic matter resources in order to ease the environmental and resource problems. And we reviews the significance of microorganism for livestock development and particularly the close relationship between microorganism and biodegradation of animal breeding residues. These bacteria play important roles in odor control,degradation and conversion of organic matters,and even the reduction of animal waste discharging amount by adjusting the feed nutrition proportion or improving the digestibility of nutrients. Consequently,it shows good application prospect of microbe practice in the improvement of contaminated environment resulting from livestock farming residues and the utilization of livestock manure resource.展开更多
Peach gum polysaccharides have multiple biological functions,such as anti-oxidation,blood lipids reduction,and immune protection.However,their impact on the gut microbiota was still unclear.Here,high throughput sequen...Peach gum polysaccharides have multiple biological functions,such as anti-oxidation,blood lipids reduction,and immune protection.However,their impact on the gut microbiota was still unclear.Here,high throughput sequencing was used to study the regulatory effects of peach gum polysaccharide on gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation model of human gut microbiota.The results showed that gut microbiota species increased significantly andα-diversity index(Sobs,Ace,Chao1,Shannon)decreased significantly after polysaccharide fermentation compared with control group(distilled water).At phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinomyces increased(61.76%vs.56.64%,28.24%vs.23.11%).In contrast,relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased significantly(8.10%vs.19.21%).At genus level,the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria,Colinella and Parazobacteria increased significantly(21.43%vs.19.08%,6.32%vs.3.73%,6.37%vs.0.00%),while the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella decreased significantly(3.83%vs.5.52%,3.49%vs.12.15%).Precisely,peach gum polysaccharide can effectively regulate the structure of gut microbiota and has potential probiotic effects including anti-obesity,anti-inflammatory,maintenance of gut epithelial barrier and so on.展开更多
A study in district Buner,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cat feces.243 fecal samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites at Abdul Wali Khan University Mar...A study in district Buner,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cat feces.243 fecal samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan.Of these,58 samples(23.86%)were positive for T.gondii oocysts.Samples were collected over five months from November 2016 to March 2017,with varying prevalence rates:20% in November,25.7% in December,22.5% in January,25.9% in February,and 21.9% in March.This was the first study of its kind conducted in district Buner.展开更多
Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pa...Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pathways;its effect on gestating sows can depend on the period of supplementation.This study evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on the productive performance and physiological status of sows during different gestation periods and seasons,using a multi-omics approach.Methods A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 groups over 2 seasons(warm/cold);a control group(CO)received a standard diet(including 16.5 g/d of arginine)and 3 other groups received the standard diet supplemented with 21.8 g/d of arginine(38.3 g/d of arginine)either during the first 35 d(Early35),the last 45 d(Late45)or through-out the entire gestation period(COM).The colostrum was analyzed for nutritional composition,immunoglobulins and metabolomic profile.Urine and feces were analyzed on d 35 and 106 for the metabolomic and microbial profiles.Piglet body weight and mortality were recorded at birth,d 6,d 26,and on d 14 post-weaning.Results Interactions between arginine and season were never significant.The Early35 group had a lower percent-age of stillborn(P<0.001),mummified(P=0.002)and low birthweight(LBW)piglets(P=0.02)than the CO group.The Late45 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets(P=0.029)and a higher percentage of high birthweight piglets(HBW;P<0.001)than the CO group.The COM group had a higher percentage of LBW(P=0.004)and crushed piglets(P<0.001)than the CO group.Arginine supplementation modifies the metabolome characterization of colos-trum,urine,and feces.Creatine and nitric oxide pathways,as well as metabolites related to microbial activity,were influenced in all matrices.A slight trend in the beta diversity index was observed in the microbiome profile on d 35(P=0.064).Conclusions Arginine supplementation during early gestation reduced the percentage of stillborn and LBW piglets,while in the last third of pregnancy,it favored the percentage of HBW pigs and reduced the percentage of stillbirths,showing that arginine plays a significant role in the physiology of pregnant sows.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(No.32002443)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QD 149)。
文摘Fish feces affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems,and they are affected by the functional fish organizations.In this research,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,and Cyprinus carpio were selected to study the effects of different functional fish organizations on the fractal characteristics of fecal micro-structure by scanning electron microscopes(SEM),particles(pores)and cracks analysis system(PCAS).The results showed that fish feces pores mainly consisted of medium pores(cumulative pore number,97%)classified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).The grain area fractal dimension D_(1) and the pore-number and pore-size fractal dimension D_(2) were 1.94-1.96 and 2.07-2.19,respectively.The distribution of fish feces pores was very close to the Sierpinski carpet structure,which is the basic fractal construction methods widely used to describe the fractal of pore surface distribution.D_(1)(1.96)and D_(2)(2.19)of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were the maximum values of the three functional organizations.Combining with the habit of fish,it is inferred that the feces of H.molitrix,the finer the feed and the faster the swimming of fish,the higher the content of feces clay,the larger the fractal dimension of feces,the easier it is to decompose feces,and the high the content of nutrients and organic matter to release into the water.It is demined that fish functional organizations affected the fractal characteristics and the stability of fish feces in water.This study is helpful for further research on water quality prediction and the impact of functional fish organizations on the structure and function of the ecosystem.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Project (973) of China (No. 2004CB418507)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20377040)+1 种基金the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-435)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. CXIOG-A05-02).
文摘Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow＇s feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972726,No.81871949 and No.81572345.
文摘Novel non-/minimally-invasive and effective approaches are urgently needed to supplement and improve current strategies for diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Overwhelming evidence from published studies on HCC has documented that multiple molecular biomarkers detected in body fluids and feces can be utilized in early-diagnosis,predicting responses to specific therapies,evaluating prognosis before or after therapy,as well as serving as novel therapeutic targets.Detection and analysis of proteins,metabolites,circulating nucleic acids,circulating tumor cells,and extracellular vesicles in body fluids(e.g.,blood and urine)and gut microbiota(e.g.,in feces)have excellent capabilities to improve different aspects of management of HCC.Numerous studies have been devoted in identifying more promising candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring responses of HCC to conventional therapies,most of which may improve diagnosis and management of HCC in the future.This review aimed to summarize recent advances in utilizing these biomarkers in HCC and discuss their clinical significance.
基金supported by the Key Deployment Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-SW-L11)the International Partnership Program from the Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(153B42KYSB20200013)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Science and Technology Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Category B)(XDB42000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31900154)the Chinese polar scientific strategy Research Fund(IC201706)
文摘Antarctica and the Arctic are the coldest places, containing a high diversity of microorganisms, including viruses,which are important components of polar ecosystems. However, owing to the difficulties in obtaining access to animal and environmental samples, the current knowledge of viromes in polar regions is still limited. To better understand polar viromes, this study performed a retrospective analysis using metagenomic sequencing data of animal feces from Antarctica and frozen soil from the Arctic collected during 2012–2014. The results reveal diverse communities of DNA and RNA viruses from at least 23 families from Antarctic animal feces and 16families from Arctic soils. Although the viral communities from Antarctica and the Arctic show a large diversity,they have genetic similarities with known viruses from different ecosystems and organisms with similar viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of Microviridae, Parvoviridae, and Larvidaviridae was further performed, and complete genomic sequences of two novel circular replication-associated protein(rep)-encoding single-stranded(CRESS) DNA viruses closely related to Circoviridae were identified. These results reveal the high diversity,complexity, and novelty of viral communities from polar regions, and suggested the genetic similarity and functional correlations of viromes between the Antarctica and Arctic. Variations in viral families in Arctic soils,Arctic freshwater, and Antarctic soils are discussed. These findings improve our understanding of polar viromes and suggest the importance of performing follow-up in-depth investigations of animal and environmental samples from Antarctica and the Arctic, which would reveal the substantial role of these viruses in the global viral community.
文摘Animals excrete feces during grazing. The uneven distribution of feces causes a spatial heterogeneity in grassland communities. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of feces on spatial distribution patterns of plant species. A field study was conducted on four grasslands each grazed by a single cow. These four grasslands were defined as Poa pratensis （Kentucky bluegrass） dominated grassland without feces （PoF-）, Poa pratensis dominated grassland with feces （PoF＋）, Zoysia japonica Steud. （Japanese lawngrass） dominated grassland without feces （ZyF-）, and Zoysia japonica Steud. dominated grassland with feces （ZyF＋）. A 50 m line that transects 100 equally spaced quadrats （L-quadrats） was drawn on each of the four grasslands. Each quadrat was 0.50 m × 0.50 m in size and consisted of four equal-area cells of 0.25 m ×0.25 m （S-quadrats）. The occurrences of all plant species were recorded in each S-quadrat. The binomial distribution （BD） and beta-binomial distribution （BBD） were used to represent the variation in spatial patterns. The BBD provided a significant description of the frequency distribution of plants per quadrat. A power law was used to calculate the spatial heterogeneity of each species together with the community heterogeneity. The results revealed that the plants on each of the four grasslands were aggregatively distributed. The ZyF＋ exhibited greater spatial heterogeneity than the ZyF-due to the uneven deposition of feces by cows grazing on the grasslands. Additionally we also found that the feces had effect on the heterogeneity inZyF＋ and did not have effect in PoF＋.
文摘In order to clarify whether the planktivorous silver carp and bighead carp can collect phytoplanktonas small as Cyclotella(【20μm)in Donghu Lake,studies on phytoplankton in their gut contents and feceswere made in 1990.The fish were cultured in both net cage in Donghu Lake and aquaria with the lakewater.Past the intestine,the average valve diameter of Cyclotella changed little.The average ratio of emptyfrustule of Cyclotella to total Cyclotella in the foregut contents of the fishes were 1.8—1.9 times higherthan that in the lake water,but changed little from foregut to feces.The aquarium experiment showedthat both carps could collect particles as small as 8-10μm, which was obviously narrower than the dis-tance between their gill rakers.Probably,secretion of mucus plays an important role in collecting suchsmall
文摘Molecular microbiological methods, such as competetive PCR, real-time PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and large-scale parallel-pyrosequencing, require the extraction of sufficient quantity of high quality DNA from microbiologically and chemically complex matrices. Due to difficulties in the field to standardize/select the optimum DNA preservation-extraction methods in view of laboratories differences, this article attempts to present a straight-forward mathematical framework for comparing some of the most commonly used methods. To this end, as a case study, the problem of selecting an optimum sample preservation-DNA extraction strategy for obtaining total bacterial DNA from swine feces was considered. Two sample preservation methods (liquid nitrogen and RNAlater?) and seven extraction techniques were paired and compared under six quantitative DNA analysis criteria: yield of extraction, purity of extracted DNA (A260/280 and A 260/230 ratios), duration of extraction, degradation degree of DNA, and cost. From a practical point of view, it is unlikely that a single sample preservation-DNA extraction strategy can be optimum for all selected criteria. Hence, a systematic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was used to compare the methods. As a result, the ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrepTM DNA extraction kit for samples preserved either with liquid nitrogen or RNAlater? were identified as potential optimum solutions for obtaining total bacterial DNA from swine feces. Considering the need for practicality for in situ applications, we would recommend liquid nitrogen as sample preservation method, along with the ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrepTM kit. Total bacterial DNA obtained by this strategy can be suitable for downstream PCR-based DNA analyses of swine feces.
基金Support by Budget Implementation Registration Form of Bogor Agricultural University(No.571/IT3.11/PL/2015)
文摘Objective: To determine the occurrence of CTX-M producing Escherichia coli(E. coli)from cattle feces in Bogor slaughterhouse, Indonesia.Methods: A total of 220 cattle feces samples were collected from Bogor slaughterhouse from March to April 2015. Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL) producing E. coli was detected by disc diffusion test based on the recommendation from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(2014). Bacterial strains which were confirmed as producing ESBLs were further analyzed for the presence of bla genes of the ESBL by PCR.Results: The results showed that CTX-M producing E. coli isolates were detected in 19 samples from 220 samples(8.6%). The b-lactamase genes detected were CTX-M-1(n = 10) and CTX-M-9(n = 9). All of the CTX-M producing E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotypes to at least four antibiotics. The highest incidence of antibiotics resistance was showed to ampicillin(100.0%), cefotaxime(100.0%), and cefpodoxime(100.0%), followed by streptomycin(84.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(73.7%), erythromycin(52.6%), kanamycin(26.3%), doxycycline(10.5%), and ceftazidime(0.0%).Conclusions: Detection of CTX-M-producing E. coli in cattle feces raises important questions as they can represent a potential risk factor to public health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0900400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21635006 and21721005)。
文摘As the connecting part of diet and host physiology,intestinal microbes can convert the ingested diet into a huge number of physiologically active small molecules.Indole metabolites of tryptophan are precursors or signal molecules for many biologically active substances,which are involved in serotonin and microbial catabolism pathways.To understand the influence of tryptophan metabolism in the intestinal environment on the neurological and immune systems at the molecular level,it is important to establish a high-coverage analytical method to comprehensively analyze the metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism.However,due to a small molecular weight and poor response during mass spectrometry analysis,as well as weak retention on the reversed-phase chromatography,determination of indole metabolites of tryptophan is challenging.Here,we proposed a method for the simultaneous determination of 20 indole metabolites of tryptophan in a single run on reversed-phase chromatography by chemical labeling coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde(DMAB)was used for the labeling of indole metabolites of tryptophan,which could significantly improve the detection sensitivities and retention of these metabolites on reversed-phase chromatography.With the developed method,we realized the sensitive detection and comprehensive analysis of 15 endogenous indole metabolites of tryptophan in rat feces samples with functional dyspepsia intervention by acupuncture.The developed method offers a useful tool for studying tryptophan metabolism-related diseases.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31930013,31872240)the National Key Program of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFC0503200)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020086)to SP.
文摘Background:As an important player during food digestion,gut microbiota has attracted much attention in diet adaptation studies in birds.Microbiota extracted from feces has been widely used as a proxy for gut microbiota.Although several methods have been developed for microbial DNA extraction,their performances in the bird feces have not been systematacially evaluated yet.Methods:In this study,we applied three DNA extraction methods(Qiagen,MoBio and Bead)to extract DNA from feces of three avian dietary guilds(granivore,omnivore and carnivore),sequenced V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for each extract and evaluated the performances of DNA yield,DNA integrity,microbial composition,cell lysis capacity and alpha diversity for the three methods on each dietary guild.Results:Bead method was the best on the performance of both DNA yield and DNA integrity regardless of dietary guild.In granivore,microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels,alpha diversity and cell lysis capacity were comparable among all methods.In omnivore,Qiagen had the best performance on alpha diversity,fol-lowed by Bead and MoBio.There were small variations on microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels among different extraction methods.MoBio exhibited the best performance on cell lysis capacity.In carnivore,considerable variations were found on microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels.Qiagen had the best performance on alpha diversity,followed by MoBio and Bead.MoBio had the highest cell lysis capacity.Conclusions:DNA yield and integrity have no obvious impact on microbial composition,alpha diversity or cell lysis capacity.The microbiota results(e.g.,microbial composition,cell lysis capacity,alpha diversity)obtained from differ-ent methods are comparable in granivorous avian species but not in omnivorous or carnivorous birds.Either method could be used in granivore microbiota studies.For omnivores and carnivores,we recommend Qiagen method when the research purpose is microbial diversity and MoBio when gram-positive bacteria is the research target.
文摘Fecal indicators of nutritional status of wild ungulates were less constrained than that of blood, rumen contents, or urine analyses. Thus, we compared the nitrogen and fiber concentrations of feces with those of the rumen contents of Mongolian gazelles (Procapra guttrurosa) in Hulunbeier Grassland. Rumen contents and fecal nutritional concentrations varied in different seasons. Dietary nitrogen concentrations only increased linearly with increase nitrogen concentration in fecal in winter. There was a positive correlation between rumen NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and fecal NDF concentrations. But the regression coefficient was small (r=0.3917). There was a significant regression equation between rumen contents ADF (acid detergent fiber) and fecal ADF concentrations,as well as ADL (acid detergent lignin) concentrations. Nitrogen concentration was found to be negatively correlated with NDF ADF and ADL concentrations both in rumen and in fecal compositions. Our data suggest that fecal nitrogen, ADF ADL concentrations may assess winter dietary qualities that are in protein, crude fiber and lignin concentrations for Mongolian gazelles.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31301889]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[lzujbky-2014-97,lzujbky-2021-sp03].
文摘The behavioral video recordings of the gray-backed shrike Lanius tephronotus revealed that parent birds eat the feces produced by their nestlings.“Parental nutrition hypothesis”attributes the origin of this behavior to nutrition-recovery and cost-saving,respectively.However,the presence of usable nutrients in the nestlings’feces is unknown because of traditional technology.In this study,we analyzed all the metabolites and the variations in the diversity and content of microbes in the feces of gray-backed shrike nestlings.We aimed to report the changes in microbes and metabolites with the age of nestlings and point out that the parent birds that eat the feces may gain potential nutrition benefits.The results showed that the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidota,changed significantly when the nestlings were 6 days old.The relative abundances of 6 probiotics,which are involved in digestion,metabolism,and immunity-related physiological functions,decreased in the nestlings’feces gradually with age;therefore,these probiotics may be obtained by parent birds upon ingestion of the feces of young nestlings.Among the metabolites that were detected,20 were lipids and some had a role in anti-parasitic functions and wound healing;however,their relative contents decreased with age.These beneficial substances in the nestlings’feces may stimulate the parents to swallow the feces.Moreover,there were many aromatic metabolites in the newly hatched nestlings’feces,but the content of bitter metabolites increased as they grew up.Therefore,our results are in accordance with the nutritional hypothesis.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China,No.21YFC2301801Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research of China,No.2020-1-2171.
文摘BACKGROUND Alterations in plasma and intestinal metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC).AIM To explore the common and different metabolites in the plasma and feces of patients with ALC and evaluate their clinical implications.METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,27 patients with ALC and 24 healthy controls(HCs)were selected,and plasma and feces samples were collected.Liver function,blood routine,and other indicators were detected with automatic biochemical and blood routine analyzers.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the plasma and feces metabolites of the two groups and the metabolomics of plasma and feces.Also,the correlation between metabolites and clinical features was analyzed.RESULTS More than 300 common metabolites were identified in the plasma and feces of patients with ALC.Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites are enriched in bile acid and amino acid metabolic pathways.Compared to HCs,patients with ALC had a higher level of glycocholic acid(GCA)and taurocholic acid(TCA)in plasma and a lower level of deoxycholic acid(DCA)in the feces,while L-threonine,L-phenylalanine,and L-tyrosine increased simultaneously in plasma and feces.GCA,TCA,L-methionine,L-phenylalanine,and L-tyrosine in plasma were positively correlated with total bilirubin(TBil),prothrombin time(PT),and maddrey discriminant function score(MDF)and negatively correlated with cholinesterase(CHE)and albumin(ALB).The DCA in feces was negatively correlated with TBil,MDF,and PT and positively correlated with CHE and ALB.Moreover,we established a P/S BA ratio of plasma primary bile acid(GCA and TCA)to fecal secondary bile acid(DCA),which was relevant to TBil,PT,and MDF score.CONCLUSION The enrichment of GCA,TCA,L-phenylalanine,L-tyrosine,and L-methionine in the plasma of patients with ALC and the reduction of DCA in feces were related to the severity of ALC.These metabolites may be used as indicators to evaluate the progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis.
基金Supported by the Excellent Young Scholars Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology(2007Y0612)
文摘Swertisin contents in rat urine,feces and tissues were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） method.Chromatographic separations were performed on a C18 column with acetonitrile-water（23：77,v/v） as the mobile phase.The calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 0.175-35.0μg/mL for rat urine,0.5-60.0μg/mL for rat feces,and 0.014 to 53.0μg/mL for all tissues.The inter-and intra-day precisions and accuracy for all measured samples were satisfactory.The fully validated method was applied for tissue distribution and excretion of swertisin in rat urine and bile after intravenous administration.The maximum level of swertisin was found in kidney,which reached 83.87± 6.36μg/g.In rat heart,swertisin was hardly detected under used experimental conditions.Swetisin level in liver,kidney,stomach,smooth muscle and skeletal muscle continued to decrease from 5 to 60min.Swertisin showed increasing tendency in intestine,spleen and testis tissues at scheduled time points.Detectable swertisin was found in brain and lung tissue.Totally 11.9% swertisin dose was cumulatively excreted from urine in 60h after intravenous administration.There was small amount of swertisin in rat feces and the cumulative excretion level reached 4.59% of intravenous dose in 60h.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> contamination in poultry and poultry product has been reported worldwide. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in poultry feces using selective enrichment Bolton broth and multiplex PCR. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Two methods were used in this study</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the first </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">direct</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plating of poultry feces into mCCDA agar plates. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The second</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, three</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> antibiotics were used at different concentrations to add in Bolton broth supplemented. These antibiotics were Rifampicin (Oxoid, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L, colistin (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 1</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL and 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL;trimethoprim (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L. The colonies with typical </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphology on blood agar (little, red </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ring colonies) were further identified to the species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The addition of colistin (2</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL) to the Bolton broth with selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains. Out of the 52 feces samples, 18 (34.61%) were positive for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and direct plating on mCCDA 11 (21.15%) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains (p < 0.05). The PCR results have shown that 17 (94.45%) of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains detected belonged to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5.55%) strain to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Although it </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s known to be difficult to isolate </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from animal feces samples, this study show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span><span> that antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of </span><i><span>Campylobacter</span></i><span> from poultry feces.
文摘Monoclonal antibodies against colon and pancreatic cancer, CL-2, CL-3, PS-9, PS-10, were used to detect the associated antigens in feces of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma and non-cancer diseases. Binding inhibition test by SABC-ELISA method were performed for the measurement of the antigen level. Results showed that the associated antigen detected in feces of patients with colon cancer were significantly higher than that of non-cancer disease or normal subjects. The positive rates were 61.1% as detected with CL-2; 53.4% with CL-3; 55.0%, PS-9; and 53.3% PS-10 in cancer patients while that in normal subjects were 7%; 9%; 8%; and 8% respectively. When 'cocktail' of CL-2, PS-9 and PS-10 were used, the positive rates were 92.5% in colon cancer and 14% in normal subjects. In seven out of the sixty patients with colon cancer studied who were graded as Dukes A, the results were all positive. The results seem superior to the serologic detection and may provide a promising new approach in the early diagnosis of colon cancer.
基金Supported by Industry,Study and Research Combined Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education,China(2012B091100402)Guangdong Technology Spark Program,China(2012A020602095)National Spark Plan Program,China(2013GA780071)
文摘With the fast development of livestock breeding,serious environmental pollution issues caused by the large accumulation of animal feces have arisen increasingly. It is of great importance to re-use these organic matter resources in order to ease the environmental and resource problems. And we reviews the significance of microorganism for livestock development and particularly the close relationship between microorganism and biodegradation of animal breeding residues. These bacteria play important roles in odor control,degradation and conversion of organic matters,and even the reduction of animal waste discharging amount by adjusting the feed nutrition proportion or improving the digestibility of nutrients. Consequently,it shows good application prospect of microbe practice in the improvement of contaminated environment resulting from livestock farming residues and the utilization of livestock manure resource.
文摘Peach gum polysaccharides have multiple biological functions,such as anti-oxidation,blood lipids reduction,and immune protection.However,their impact on the gut microbiota was still unclear.Here,high throughput sequencing was used to study the regulatory effects of peach gum polysaccharide on gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation model of human gut microbiota.The results showed that gut microbiota species increased significantly andα-diversity index(Sobs,Ace,Chao1,Shannon)decreased significantly after polysaccharide fermentation compared with control group(distilled water).At phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinomyces increased(61.76%vs.56.64%,28.24%vs.23.11%).In contrast,relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased significantly(8.10%vs.19.21%).At genus level,the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria,Colinella and Parazobacteria increased significantly(21.43%vs.19.08%,6.32%vs.3.73%,6.37%vs.0.00%),while the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella decreased significantly(3.83%vs.5.52%,3.49%vs.12.15%).Precisely,peach gum polysaccharide can effectively regulate the structure of gut microbiota and has potential probiotic effects including anti-obesity,anti-inflammatory,maintenance of gut epithelial barrier and so on.
文摘A study in district Buner,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cat feces.243 fecal samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan.Of these,58 samples(23.86%)were positive for T.gondii oocysts.Samples were collected over five months from November 2016 to March 2017,with varying prevalence rates:20% in November,25.7% in December,22.5% in January,25.9% in February,and 21.9% in March.This was the first study of its kind conducted in district Buner.
基金A project funded in the framework of the Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 of the Emilia Romagna region,FOCUS AREA 3A-Misura 16.2.01–GREEN SUINO Project number 5415052.Coordinated from the Gruppo Martini SPA.
文摘Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pathways;its effect on gestating sows can depend on the period of supplementation.This study evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on the productive performance and physiological status of sows during different gestation periods and seasons,using a multi-omics approach.Methods A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 groups over 2 seasons(warm/cold);a control group(CO)received a standard diet(including 16.5 g/d of arginine)and 3 other groups received the standard diet supplemented with 21.8 g/d of arginine(38.3 g/d of arginine)either during the first 35 d(Early35),the last 45 d(Late45)or through-out the entire gestation period(COM).The colostrum was analyzed for nutritional composition,immunoglobulins and metabolomic profile.Urine and feces were analyzed on d 35 and 106 for the metabolomic and microbial profiles.Piglet body weight and mortality were recorded at birth,d 6,d 26,and on d 14 post-weaning.Results Interactions between arginine and season were never significant.The Early35 group had a lower percent-age of stillborn(P<0.001),mummified(P=0.002)and low birthweight(LBW)piglets(P=0.02)than the CO group.The Late45 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets(P=0.029)and a higher percentage of high birthweight piglets(HBW;P<0.001)than the CO group.The COM group had a higher percentage of LBW(P=0.004)and crushed piglets(P<0.001)than the CO group.Arginine supplementation modifies the metabolome characterization of colos-trum,urine,and feces.Creatine and nitric oxide pathways,as well as metabolites related to microbial activity,were influenced in all matrices.A slight trend in the beta diversity index was observed in the microbiome profile on d 35(P=0.064).Conclusions Arginine supplementation during early gestation reduced the percentage of stillborn and LBW piglets,while in the last third of pregnancy,it favored the percentage of HBW pigs and reduced the percentage of stillbirths,showing that arginine plays a significant role in the physiology of pregnant sows.
