Exposure therapy, an effective treatment for fear disorders, requires memory retrieval of previous horror experiences in controllable environment. However, it remains unknown whether previous fear memories have been u...Exposure therapy, an effective treatment for fear disorders, requires memory retrieval of previous horror experiences in controllable environment. However, it remains unknown whether previous fear memories have been updated [1] or inhibited [2] during the formation of new memories, as well as the underlying neural mechanisms involved (eg. the type of cells engaged in this process).展开更多
On January 28,a Chinese-run road construction site in South Kordofan State,Sudan,was attacked by local rebels.Twenty-nine workers were kidnapped in the assault,and held until February 7 when their captors freed them.I...On January 28,a Chinese-run road construction site in South Kordofan State,Sudan,was attacked by local rebels.Twenty-nine workers were kidnapped in the assault,and held until February 7 when their captors freed them.Incidents similar to this one around Africa have increased in recent years,prompting a belief that security for Chinese nationals and展开更多
Colonoscopy is the reference method in the secondary prevention,diagnosis and,in some cases,treatment of colorectal cancer.It can often cause pain associated with embarrassment,anxiety,and physical and emotional disco...Colonoscopy is the reference method in the secondary prevention,diagnosis and,in some cases,treatment of colorectal cancer.It can often cause pain associated with embarrassment,anxiety,and physical and emotional discomfort.Pain intensity is influenced by a lot of factors,and there is a strict relationship among pain,pain perception,and mind.Several methods can be used to break the trinomial colonoscopy,pain and fear.Sedoanalgesia is recommended by several guidelines.If no sedation is offered,the patient must accept a higher chance of unacceptable discomfort and the endoscopist a lower chance of completing the procedure because of patient discomfort.Other non-pharmacologic methods such as acupuncture,music,and hydrocolonoscopy can be used as alternatives to pharmacologic sedoanalgesia.Furthermore,new endoscopic technologies such as variable-stiffness colonoscopes and ultrathin colonoscopes,or the use of carbon dioxide instead of air for colon insufflation,can reduce the pain caused by colonoscopy.In the future,technical improvements such as wireless capsules or robotic probes,will probably enable to overcome the present concept of colonoscopy,avoiding the use of traditional endoscopes.However,at present the poor attention paid by endoscopists to the pain and discomfort caused by colonoscopy can not be justified.There are several methods to reduce pain and anxiety and to break the trinomial colonoscopy,pain and fear.We must use them.展开更多
The Greek debt crisis poses a major obstacle for the world economy to overcome before global markets can begin to rally. Greece’s GDP currently stands at 240 billion euros, but the financially weak
Countries face disputes while attempting to take positive actions on climate change The marathon-like UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun accurately reflected the difficulty of coming to a consensus on this content...Countries face disputes while attempting to take positive actions on climate change The marathon-like UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun accurately reflected the difficulty of coming to a consensus on this contentious issue. Instead of reaching high-profile展开更多
Desperately trying to cure their financial ailments, central banks in the West fired up their money-printing machines to pour liquidity into their respective banking systems. While this no doubt helped thaw the credit...Desperately trying to cure their financial ailments, central banks in the West fired up their money-printing machines to pour liquidity into their respective banking systems. While this no doubt helped thaw the credit freeze, it also inadvertently sowed the seeds of inflation. Andy Xie, a renowned independent Shanghai-based economist and former Morgan Stanley chief economist for Asia, discussed this issue in a recent interview with the Securities Times. Edited excerpts follow:展开更多
Local governments in China, barred from directly selling bonds and taking out bank loans, have set up thousands of financing vehicles to raise money to fund infrastructure projects. A first-ever audit found that these...Local governments in China, barred from directly selling bonds and taking out bank loans, have set up thousands of financing vehicles to raise money to fund infrastructure projects. A first-ever audit found that these local government financing vehicles have accumulated a record breaking debt of 10.7 trillion yuan ($1.7 trillion).But there’s no need to panic over this debt, said Xu Lin, Director of the Department of Fiscal and Financial Affairs of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), in a question-andanswer statement posted on the NDRC’s website on August 29.Edited excerpts follow:展开更多
BACKGROUND Fear-related disorders,such as post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),significantly impact patients and families.Exposure therapy is a common treatment,but imp-roving its effectiveness remains a key challenge...BACKGROUND Fear-related disorders,such as post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),significantly impact patients and families.Exposure therapy is a common treatment,but imp-roving its effectiveness remains a key challenge.Fear conditioning and extinction in animal models offer insights into its mechanisms.Our previous research indi-cates that DNA methyltransferases play a role in fear memory renewal.AIM To investigate the role of DNA methylation in the extinction of fear memory,with the goal of identifying potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of exposure therapy for fear-related disorders.METHODS This study investigated the role of DNA methylation in fear memory extinction in mice.DNA methylation was manipulated using N-phthalyl-L-tryptophan(RG108)to reduce methylation and L-methionine injections to enhance it.Neuronal activity,and dendritic spine density was measured following extinction training.RESULTS RG108 suppressed extinction,reduced spine density,and inhibited neuronal activity.Methionine injections facilitated extinction.CONCLUSION DNA methylation is crucial for fear memory extinction.Enhancing methylation may improve the efficacy of exposure therapy,offering a potential strategy to treat fear-related disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their...BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their RTW process.Hence,scientific research is necessary to explore the barriers and facilitating factors of returning to work for young and middle-aged CRC survivors.AIM To examine the current RTW status among young and middle-aged CRC survivors and to analyze the impact of RTW self-efficacy(RTW-SE),fear of progression(FoP),eHealth literacy(eHL),family resilience(FR),and financial toxicity(FT)on their RTW outcomes.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was adopted in this study.From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 209 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing.The investigation utilized a general information questionnaire alongside scales assessing RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT.To analyze the factors that influence RTW outcomes among young and middle-aged CRC survivors,Cox regression modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used.RESULTS A total of 43.54%of the participants successfully returned to work,with an average RTW time of 100 days.Cox regression univariate analysis revealed that RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT were significantly different between the non-RTW and RTW groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,Cox regression multivariate analysis identified per capita family monthly income,job type,RTW-SE,and FR as independent influencing factors for RTW(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The RTW rate requires further improvement.Elevated levels of RTW-SE and FR were found to significantly increase RTW among young and middle-aged CRC survivors.Health professionals should focus on modifiable factors,such as RTW-SE and FR,to design targeted RTW support programs,thereby facilitating their timely reintegration into mainstream society.展开更多
Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-...Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.展开更多
Fear memory,a predictive and protective mechanism in potentially hostile environments,elicits defensive behavioral responses that have evolved to help organisms avoid harm and ensure survival.However,excessive fear me...Fear memory,a predictive and protective mechanism in potentially hostile environments,elicits defensive behavioral responses that have evolved to help organisms avoid harm and ensure survival.However,excessive fear memories may contribute to the onset of various psychological disorders,such as panic disorder,phobias,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).展开更多
The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurr...The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurrence of a traumatic event[1].Fear generalization within the normal range represents an adaptive evolutionary mechanism to facilitate prompt reactions to potential threats and to enhance the likelihood of survival.展开更多
Fear memory is crucial for survival and adaptation in complex and dynamically changing environments that enables individuals to avoid or escape from potentially dangerous situations.However,excessive fear memories can...Fear memory is crucial for survival and adaptation in complex and dynamically changing environments that enables individuals to avoid or escape from potentially dangerous situations.However,excessive fear memories can significantly contribute to emotional disabilities and mental disorders,including panic disorder,phobias,social anxiety disorder,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).展开更多
Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by reexperiencing,avoidance and hyperarousal.Memory abnormalities manifested as intrusive thoughts and prolonged distressful emot...Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by reexperiencing,avoidance and hyperarousal.Memory abnormalities manifested as intrusive thoughts and prolonged distressful emotions are postulated as key roles in PTSD development and persistence.Over the past decades,convergent results from human and animal studies have systematically investigated contributions of the amygdala,hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)in fear memory processes,including fear acquisition,storage,reconsolidation and extinction.These findings provide mechanistic insights for cognitive-behavioural therapy and aid in developing pathological region-targeted neuromodulation treatment for PTSD.Taking advantage of advances in cell-type selective labelling and manipulation technologies,recent studies have focused on the spatiotemporal regulation of neural circuits underlying distinct phases of fear memory processes.These findings have revealed that multiple distributed brain areas participate in the fear memory encoding network.Moreover,the functional role of distinct neuronal ensembles within the amygdala-hippocampus-mPFC pathway,identified by genetic markers and projection profiles,has been assigned to temporally separate features of fear processing,demonstrating the sophistication of the fear encoding circuit.These results provide mechanistic insights into PTSD pathology and might shed light on aetiology-based clinical interventions for PTSD.Therefore,the present review will mainly focus on the recent progress in elucidating neural circuit mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of fear memory,with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of fear memory encoding neural networks and the temporal coherence between neuronal ensemble activity and fear expression.展开更多
Objectives:Childbirth fear affects 34.2%of Chinese primigravida women,leading to adverse birth outcomes.Family-centered prenatal education(FCPE)may reduce fear through enhanced support systems.Methods:This quasiexperi...Objectives:Childbirth fear affects 34.2%of Chinese primigravida women,leading to adverse birth outcomes.Family-centered prenatal education(FCPE)may reduce fear through enhanced support systems.Methods:This quasiexperimental study examined the effectiveness of FCPE among 120 primigravida women(14–20 weeks’gestation)at Yancheng Third People’s Hospital.Participants with elevated Childbirth Fear Questionnaire(CFQ)scores(≥81)were assigned to either the experimental group(FCPE+standard care,n=60)or the control group(standard care only,n=60).FCPE consisted of five weekly 2-hour sessions involving pregnant women and family members.Results:Both groups showed moderate baseline fear levels(experimental:85.68±6.30;control:88.57±6.41,p=0.112).Post-intervention,the experimental group achieved significantly lower fear scores(80.43±8.53 vs.87.35±6.91,p=0.001,Cohen’s d=0.88).58.3%of experimental participants transitioned to low fear levels,compared to 16.7%in the control group.Educational level significantly moderated the outcomes within the experimental group(p=0.031).Conclusion:FCPE effectively reduces anticipatory childbirth fear with a large effect size,supporting implementation in Chinese prenatal care for improving maternal psychological well-being.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and advantages of an“Internet+”nursing model based on user profilingin the rehabilitation of postoperative breast cancer patients.Methods:Breast cancer patien...Objectives:This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and advantages of an“Internet+”nursing model based on user profilingin the rehabilitation of postoperative breast cancer patients.Methods:Breast cancer patients admitted to the hospital from July 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled.These patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group,with 52 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the intervention group received an“Internet+”nursing intervention based on user profilingin addition to routine care.The intervention period lasted for one month following discharge.Before and one month after the intervention,the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form(FOP-Q-SF),the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form(FCRI-SF),Chinese Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(C-PTGI),and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)were applied to assess the effects of interventions.Results:A total of 104 patients were analyzed.After the intervention,FOP-Q-SF and FCRI-SF scores were significantlylower in the intervention group compared to the control group,with statistical significance(t=3.98,P<0.001;t=-7.59,P<0.001),and Cohen’s d of 0.781 and 1.49,respectively.Additionally,CPTGI and FACT-B scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=-6.534,P<0.001;t=-4.579,P<0.001),with Cohen’s d of 0.585 and 0.656.Conclusions:An“Internet+”nursing model based on user profilingcould reduce postoperative breast cancer patients fear of disease progression and cancer recurrence,also enhancing posttraumatic growth and overall quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth(FoC)is a widespread issue that impacts the health and well-being of mothers and newborns.However,there is inconsistency regarding the prevalence of FoC in the and there is limited researc...BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth(FoC)is a widespread issue that impacts the health and well-being of mothers and newborns.However,there is inconsistency regarding the prevalence of FoC in the and there is limited research on the prevalence of FoC among Australian pregnant women.AIM To investigate the prevalence of FoC,its risk factors and birth outcomes in Aust-ralian multiparous women.METHODS In this prospective cohort quantitative study,212 multiparous women were re-cruited from antenatal clinics at Westmead Hospital in western Sydney from 2019 to 2022.Pregnant women who attended antenatal visits and met the inclusion criteria signed the consent forms and completed several online questionnaires at baseline.After they gave birth,their birth outcomes were collected from the hospital’s medical record database.The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics,χ^(2)test,independent samples t-test,and multivariable logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Out of 212 participants,24%experienced a high level of FoC and 7%experienced severe FoC.Theχ^(2)test results revealed that a family income of≤$100000,no alcohol intake during pregnancy,pre-existing health problems,previous caesarean section(emergency or planned),and previous neutral/traumatic childbirth experiences were significantly associated with higher levels of FoC(P<0.05).Other risk factors included being moderately to very worried and fearful about the upcoming birth,having severe to extremely severe anxiety throughout pregnancy,and expressing low relationship satisfaction.According to multivariable logistic regression,the odds of a high level of FoC were higher in women with anxiety,a history of traumatic childbirth experience,a history of sexual assault during childhood,pre-existing health problems,and lower relationship satisfaction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION High-severe levels of FoC are experienced by pregnant multiparous women and are affected by several demo-graphic factors.However,due to the small sample size in the present study,further studies with larger sample sizes are required to draw a firm conclusion on the prevalence of severe FoC among multiparous women and its associated risk factors and birth outcomes.展开更多
文摘Exposure therapy, an effective treatment for fear disorders, requires memory retrieval of previous horror experiences in controllable environment. However, it remains unknown whether previous fear memories have been updated [1] or inhibited [2] during the formation of new memories, as well as the underlying neural mechanisms involved (eg. the type of cells engaged in this process).
文摘On January 28,a Chinese-run road construction site in South Kordofan State,Sudan,was attacked by local rebels.Twenty-nine workers were kidnapped in the assault,and held until February 7 when their captors freed them.Incidents similar to this one around Africa have increased in recent years,prompting a belief that security for Chinese nationals and
文摘Colonoscopy is the reference method in the secondary prevention,diagnosis and,in some cases,treatment of colorectal cancer.It can often cause pain associated with embarrassment,anxiety,and physical and emotional discomfort.Pain intensity is influenced by a lot of factors,and there is a strict relationship among pain,pain perception,and mind.Several methods can be used to break the trinomial colonoscopy,pain and fear.Sedoanalgesia is recommended by several guidelines.If no sedation is offered,the patient must accept a higher chance of unacceptable discomfort and the endoscopist a lower chance of completing the procedure because of patient discomfort.Other non-pharmacologic methods such as acupuncture,music,and hydrocolonoscopy can be used as alternatives to pharmacologic sedoanalgesia.Furthermore,new endoscopic technologies such as variable-stiffness colonoscopes and ultrathin colonoscopes,or the use of carbon dioxide instead of air for colon insufflation,can reduce the pain caused by colonoscopy.In the future,technical improvements such as wireless capsules or robotic probes,will probably enable to overcome the present concept of colonoscopy,avoiding the use of traditional endoscopes.However,at present the poor attention paid by endoscopists to the pain and discomfort caused by colonoscopy can not be justified.There are several methods to reduce pain and anxiety and to break the trinomial colonoscopy,pain and fear.We must use them.
文摘The Greek debt crisis poses a major obstacle for the world economy to overcome before global markets can begin to rally. Greece’s GDP currently stands at 240 billion euros, but the financially weak
文摘Countries face disputes while attempting to take positive actions on climate change The marathon-like UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun accurately reflected the difficulty of coming to a consensus on this contentious issue. Instead of reaching high-profile
文摘Desperately trying to cure their financial ailments, central banks in the West fired up their money-printing machines to pour liquidity into their respective banking systems. While this no doubt helped thaw the credit freeze, it also inadvertently sowed the seeds of inflation. Andy Xie, a renowned independent Shanghai-based economist and former Morgan Stanley chief economist for Asia, discussed this issue in a recent interview with the Securities Times. Edited excerpts follow:
文摘Local governments in China, barred from directly selling bonds and taking out bank loans, have set up thousands of financing vehicles to raise money to fund infrastructure projects. A first-ever audit found that these local government financing vehicles have accumulated a record breaking debt of 10.7 trillion yuan ($1.7 trillion).But there’s no need to panic over this debt, said Xu Lin, Director of the Department of Fiscal and Financial Affairs of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), in a question-andanswer statement posted on the NDRC’s website on August 29.Edited excerpts follow:
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82360231Yunnan Basic Research Program General Project,No.202401AT070075+1 种基金Dali Basic Research Program Key Project,No.202301A020021Youth Special Project for Basic Research of Local Universities in Yunnan Province,No.202301BA070001-127.
文摘BACKGROUND Fear-related disorders,such as post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),significantly impact patients and families.Exposure therapy is a common treatment,but imp-roving its effectiveness remains a key challenge.Fear conditioning and extinction in animal models offer insights into its mechanisms.Our previous research indi-cates that DNA methyltransferases play a role in fear memory renewal.AIM To investigate the role of DNA methylation in the extinction of fear memory,with the goal of identifying potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of exposure therapy for fear-related disorders.METHODS This study investigated the role of DNA methylation in fear memory extinction in mice.DNA methylation was manipulated using N-phthalyl-L-tryptophan(RG108)to reduce methylation and L-methionine injections to enhance it.Neuronal activity,and dendritic spine density was measured following extinction training.RESULTS RG108 suppressed extinction,reduced spine density,and inhibited neuronal activity.Methionine injections facilitated extinction.CONCLUSION DNA methylation is crucial for fear memory extinction.Enhancing methylation may improve the efficacy of exposure therapy,offering a potential strategy to treat fear-related disorders.
基金Supported by the Chongqing Medical University Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0019Chongqing Municipal Education Commission’s 14th Five-Year Key Discipline Support Project,No.20240101 and No.20240102。
文摘BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their RTW process.Hence,scientific research is necessary to explore the barriers and facilitating factors of returning to work for young and middle-aged CRC survivors.AIM To examine the current RTW status among young and middle-aged CRC survivors and to analyze the impact of RTW self-efficacy(RTW-SE),fear of progression(FoP),eHealth literacy(eHL),family resilience(FR),and financial toxicity(FT)on their RTW outcomes.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was adopted in this study.From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 209 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing.The investigation utilized a general information questionnaire alongside scales assessing RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT.To analyze the factors that influence RTW outcomes among young and middle-aged CRC survivors,Cox regression modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used.RESULTS A total of 43.54%of the participants successfully returned to work,with an average RTW time of 100 days.Cox regression univariate analysis revealed that RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT were significantly different between the non-RTW and RTW groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,Cox regression multivariate analysis identified per capita family monthly income,job type,RTW-SE,and FR as independent influencing factors for RTW(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The RTW rate requires further improvement.Elevated levels of RTW-SE and FR were found to significantly increase RTW among young and middle-aged CRC survivors.Health professionals should focus on modifiable factors,such as RTW-SE and FR,to design targeted RTW support programs,thereby facilitating their timely reintegration into mainstream society.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32371065(to CL)and 32170950(to LY)the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010899(to CL)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Nos.2023A4J0578 and 2024A03J0180(to CW)。
文摘Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104138)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY24H310003).
文摘Fear memory,a predictive and protective mechanism in potentially hostile environments,elicits defensive behavioral responses that have evolved to help organisms avoid harm and ensure survival.However,excessive fear memories may contribute to the onset of various psychological disorders,such as panic disorder,phobias,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QH144).
文摘The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurrence of a traumatic event[1].Fear generalization within the normal range represents an adaptive evolutionary mechanism to facilitate prompt reactions to potential threats and to enhance the likelihood of survival.
文摘Fear memory is crucial for survival and adaptation in complex and dynamically changing environments that enables individuals to avoid or escape from potentially dangerous situations.However,excessive fear memories can significantly contribute to emotional disabilities and mental disorders,including panic disorder,phobias,social anxiety disorder,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82401772)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2021-01-07-00-02-E0086).
文摘Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by reexperiencing,avoidance and hyperarousal.Memory abnormalities manifested as intrusive thoughts and prolonged distressful emotions are postulated as key roles in PTSD development and persistence.Over the past decades,convergent results from human and animal studies have systematically investigated contributions of the amygdala,hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)in fear memory processes,including fear acquisition,storage,reconsolidation and extinction.These findings provide mechanistic insights for cognitive-behavioural therapy and aid in developing pathological region-targeted neuromodulation treatment for PTSD.Taking advantage of advances in cell-type selective labelling and manipulation technologies,recent studies have focused on the spatiotemporal regulation of neural circuits underlying distinct phases of fear memory processes.These findings have revealed that multiple distributed brain areas participate in the fear memory encoding network.Moreover,the functional role of distinct neuronal ensembles within the amygdala-hippocampus-mPFC pathway,identified by genetic markers and projection profiles,has been assigned to temporally separate features of fear processing,demonstrating the sophistication of the fear encoding circuit.These results provide mechanistic insights into PTSD pathology and might shed light on aetiology-based clinical interventions for PTSD.Therefore,the present review will mainly focus on the recent progress in elucidating neural circuit mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of fear memory,with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of fear memory encoding neural networks and the temporal coherence between neuronal ensemble activity and fear expression.
文摘Objectives:Childbirth fear affects 34.2%of Chinese primigravida women,leading to adverse birth outcomes.Family-centered prenatal education(FCPE)may reduce fear through enhanced support systems.Methods:This quasiexperimental study examined the effectiveness of FCPE among 120 primigravida women(14–20 weeks’gestation)at Yancheng Third People’s Hospital.Participants with elevated Childbirth Fear Questionnaire(CFQ)scores(≥81)were assigned to either the experimental group(FCPE+standard care,n=60)or the control group(standard care only,n=60).FCPE consisted of five weekly 2-hour sessions involving pregnant women and family members.Results:Both groups showed moderate baseline fear levels(experimental:85.68±6.30;control:88.57±6.41,p=0.112).Post-intervention,the experimental group achieved significantly lower fear scores(80.43±8.53 vs.87.35±6.91,p=0.001,Cohen’s d=0.88).58.3%of experimental participants transitioned to low fear levels,compared to 16.7%in the control group.Educational level significantly moderated the outcomes within the experimental group(p=0.031).Conclusion:FCPE effectively reduces anticipatory childbirth fear with a large effect size,supporting implementation in Chinese prenatal care for improving maternal psychological well-being.
基金funded by the 2023 Hospital Management Innovation Research Project by the Jiangsu Hospital Association(No.JSYGY-2-2023-551)。
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and advantages of an“Internet+”nursing model based on user profilingin the rehabilitation of postoperative breast cancer patients.Methods:Breast cancer patients admitted to the hospital from July 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled.These patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group,with 52 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the intervention group received an“Internet+”nursing intervention based on user profilingin addition to routine care.The intervention period lasted for one month following discharge.Before and one month after the intervention,the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form(FOP-Q-SF),the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form(FCRI-SF),Chinese Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(C-PTGI),and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)were applied to assess the effects of interventions.Results:A total of 104 patients were analyzed.After the intervention,FOP-Q-SF and FCRI-SF scores were significantlylower in the intervention group compared to the control group,with statistical significance(t=3.98,P<0.001;t=-7.59,P<0.001),and Cohen’s d of 0.781 and 1.49,respectively.Additionally,CPTGI and FACT-B scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=-6.534,P<0.001;t=-4.579,P<0.001),with Cohen’s d of 0.585 and 0.656.Conclusions:An“Internet+”nursing model based on user profilingcould reduce postoperative breast cancer patients fear of disease progression and cancer recurrence,also enhancing posttraumatic growth and overall quality of life.
文摘BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth(FoC)is a widespread issue that impacts the health and well-being of mothers and newborns.However,there is inconsistency regarding the prevalence of FoC in the and there is limited research on the prevalence of FoC among Australian pregnant women.AIM To investigate the prevalence of FoC,its risk factors and birth outcomes in Aust-ralian multiparous women.METHODS In this prospective cohort quantitative study,212 multiparous women were re-cruited from antenatal clinics at Westmead Hospital in western Sydney from 2019 to 2022.Pregnant women who attended antenatal visits and met the inclusion criteria signed the consent forms and completed several online questionnaires at baseline.After they gave birth,their birth outcomes were collected from the hospital’s medical record database.The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics,χ^(2)test,independent samples t-test,and multivariable logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Out of 212 participants,24%experienced a high level of FoC and 7%experienced severe FoC.Theχ^(2)test results revealed that a family income of≤$100000,no alcohol intake during pregnancy,pre-existing health problems,previous caesarean section(emergency or planned),and previous neutral/traumatic childbirth experiences were significantly associated with higher levels of FoC(P<0.05).Other risk factors included being moderately to very worried and fearful about the upcoming birth,having severe to extremely severe anxiety throughout pregnancy,and expressing low relationship satisfaction.According to multivariable logistic regression,the odds of a high level of FoC were higher in women with anxiety,a history of traumatic childbirth experience,a history of sexual assault during childhood,pre-existing health problems,and lower relationship satisfaction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION High-severe levels of FoC are experienced by pregnant multiparous women and are affected by several demo-graphic factors.However,due to the small sample size in the present study,further studies with larger sample sizes are required to draw a firm conclusion on the prevalence of severe FoC among multiparous women and its associated risk factors and birth outcomes.
