The stratigraphy,sedimentary history and paleontology of the northern Eromanga Basin are reviewed in the light of extensive field effort,searching for Cretaceous vertebrate fossils,in particular dinosaurs.Prolonged no...The stratigraphy,sedimentary history and paleontology of the northern Eromanga Basin are reviewed in the light of extensive field effort,searching for Cretaceous vertebrate fossils,in particular dinosaurs.Prolonged non-marine deposition throughout the Jurassic was followed by Lower Cretaceous marine incursions which extended to the late Albian.Whilst biostratigraphy is underpinned by microfloral assemblages there are three distinct marine faunas preserved from the late Aptian,early middle Albian and late Albian.Effective regression caused by sediment oversupply in the latest Albian heralded the final phase of non-marine deposition in the Eromanga Basin which continued into the Cenomanian.A distinct floral assemblage is accompanied by a modest fossil vertebrate assemblage.展开更多
About 70 examples of Quaternary fauna in China's tropics are enumerated in this paper. Of which about 40% of the examples can be found even in cooling stages, showing the smaller amplitude of climatic fluctuation ...About 70 examples of Quaternary fauna in China's tropics are enumerated in this paper. Of which about 40% of the examples can be found even in cooling stages, showing the smaller amplitude of climatic fluctuation during Quaternary. According to the temporal and spatial distribution of tropical faunas, the following characters of climate variation can be evidenced: two main cycles in Early Pleistocene, three main cycles in Middle Pleistocene, two main cycles in Late Pleistocene and Holocene Megathermal. The drop in temperature during the Latest Glacial Period and Neoglaciation has not endangered the existence of tropical faunas. With influence of cooling fluctuation during historical period, some faunas have removed southwards progressively, but disappearance of these animals in China's tropics was mainly the result of artificial factors.展开更多
Objective The Devonian bivalves are well developed, highly diversified and widely distributed in Guangxi. However, they have not been well studied previously, although several papers have dealt with it. Meanwhile, the...Objective The Devonian bivalves are well developed, highly diversified and widely distributed in Guangxi. However, they have not been well studied previously, although several papers have dealt with it. Meanwhile, the biodiversity change of bivalves which is one of the most important benthos during Devonian in South China has not been studied yet. The aim of present project is focused on the study of systematic palaeontology, the life-habits, of Devonian bivalves of Guangxi.展开更多
The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils.The oldest fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Kundaram fauna,which correlates the Kundaram Formation with ...The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils.The oldest fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Kundaram fauna,which correlates the Kundaram Formation with several other coeval Late Permian horizons of South Africa,Zambia,Tanzania,Mozambique,Malawi,Madagascar and Brazil.The Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna.展开更多
From 1985 to 1987, four new localities with abundant fossil mammals were dis-covered by Cao, Tian and others in the Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) area, Beijing. They are theEast, West, Shangdian and Donglingzi caves. The ...From 1985 to 1987, four new localities with abundant fossil mammals were dis-covered by Cao, Tian and others in the Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) area, Beijing. They are theEast, West, Shangdian and Donglingzi caves. The East Cave fauna consists of 28 speices ofmammals and its age is middle Early Pleistocene. The East Cave assemblage shows that a tem-perature-falling event took place at around 1.20 Ma B.P. at Zhoukoudian. Sixteen species ofmammals were collected from the West Cave, which are mainly forms of late Early Pleistoceneage. The West Cave fauna represents a transitional fauna from the East Cave fauna (dry-cold)to the fauna (warm) at locality 9. The Shangdian Cave fauna is composed of four forms, beingMiddle Pleistocene in age. The Donglingzi Cave fauna contains 21 Late Pleistocene forms. Inthe cave two fossil horizons may be distinguished. The age of the lower horizon is early LatePleistocene, which is equivalent to that of the New Cave fauna; while the fauna of the upper ho-rizon may be correlated with the Upper Cave fauna.展开更多
There are 3048 species of fish occurring in the China Seas （CS）, of which at least 2321 species are found in the South China Sea （SCS）, belonging to 35 orders, 236 families and 822 genera. The fish species diversi...There are 3048 species of fish occurring in the China Seas （CS）, of which at least 2321 species are found in the South China Sea （SCS）, belonging to 35 orders, 236 families and 822 genera. The fish species diversity is analyzed in this paper based on biogeography, biostatistics, fishing methods, etc. It is found that the regional environment, especially biological factors, plays an important role in the distribution of faunas, and there are two fish faunas in the SCS, one in the north and another in the center and south. This regional division is of value for sustainable fishery production and eiTlcient management of fishery resources.展开更多
The Cyathaxonia faunas are widely distributed in the Carboniferous and Permian strata in China.The fauna in China contains 12 families and 40 genera,and can be recognized as three episodes from Early Carboniferous to ...The Cyathaxonia faunas are widely distributed in the Carboniferous and Permian strata in China.The fauna in China contains 12 families and 40 genera,and can be recognized as three episodes from Early Carboniferous to the end-Permian in terms of their occurrence and composition:1) Mississippian;2) Pennsylvanian-Early Permian;3) Middle Permian-Late Permian.They were relatively abundant in episodes 1 and 2.A decrease of family Antiphyllidae and an increase of family Hapsiphyllidae can be observed from Early Carboniferous to the end-Permian.Two case studies are given to illustrate the bio-facies of the Cyathaxonia faunas,which are from the Mississippian of Baoshan,West Yunnan and the Mississippian of Chaohu,South Anhui.In both areas,Cyathaxonia faunas occur just below the large dissepimented solitary and compound coral assemblages in a continuous sequence in a single section,which implies that the occurrence of these small,non-dissepimented solitary corals is not strictly related with Gondwanan or Peri-gondwanan cold water environment,but might be controlled by such benthic conditions as deeper,mud-rich,quieter,and darker sedimentary environments.展开更多
During the transition from the late Late Permian to the early Early Triassic, faunas over the world were all at a low tide of evolution. But conodonts, as marine fossils, displayed a clear growth series, as compared w...During the transition from the late Late Permian to the early Early Triassic, faunas over the world were all at a low tide of evolution. But conodonts, as marine fossils, displayed a clear growth series, as compared with other groups. This is momentous to explaining the development of organisms in the transition period, and to defining a Permian-展开更多
Monsoon has an important impact on the development of vegetation that subsequently has significant influence on the evolution of plant consumers.The diversities of forest dwellers or herbivores follow the evolution of...Monsoon has an important impact on the development of vegetation that subsequently has significant influence on the evolution of plant consumers.The diversities of forest dwellers or herbivores follow the evolution of the vegetation,and it is therefore possible to take such diversities as forest or vegetation dynamic proxies.The present work selected 36 Pleistocene faunas of large mammals from monsoon-dominated provinces in China as materials and calculated the diversities of forest dwellers and herbivores with different approaches,as well as the consensus gradient coefficients of all the selected faunas in different flora regionalized subkingdoms.The results show that with the evolution and transitions of the East Asian summer and winter monsoon intensities,the forest vitality decreased while steppe vitality increased gradually in a fluctuated way from the Early Pleistocene to the Late Pleistocene,especially in the provinces north of the Qinling-Huaihe Line.The analyses of such diversities of the faunas can help to determine the forest dynamic proxies.Moreover,the correlation of such proxies to loess-paleosol sequences and marine isotope stages can in turn help to improve the accuracy of dating fauna ages and paleoenvironment reconstruction.展开更多
This study provides an updated checklist of snake species in China,building upon the 2020 checklist and incorporating comprehensive review of relevant literature published from 2020 to December 2024,as well as pre-202...This study provides an updated checklist of snake species in China,building upon the 2020 checklist and incorporating comprehensive review of relevant literature published from 2020 to December 2024,as well as pre-2020 sources that may have been overlooked.As of the end of 2024,the Chinese Serpents fauna included 19 families,71 genera,and 355 species of snakes.Significant progress has been made in the past five years,including the description of one new family,one new genus,and 60 new species.One subfamily and seven subspecies were elevated to full status,and 12 species were resurrected as valid species.Four genera and 27 species were newly recorded,three genera and four species were synonymized,and one family,four genera,and 12 species were excluded from the documented herpetofauna.This updated list highlights the presence of significant snake diversity and unresolved taxonomic challenges,emphasizing the potential for further discoveries.It also identifies under-researched groups,stressing the urgent need for focused taxonomic and ecological efforts to enhance our understanding of snake biodiversity in China.展开更多
Chinese bees of the subgenus Anthophora(Anthomegilla)Marikovskaya,1976 are reviewed.Eleven species are confirmed to occur in China,two of which are described and illustrated as new species:A.(Anthomegilla)nailungensis...Chinese bees of the subgenus Anthophora(Anthomegilla)Marikovskaya,1976 are reviewed.Eleven species are confirmed to occur in China,two of which are described and illustrated as new species:A.(Anthomegilla)nailungensis Niu,sp.nov.and A.(A.)gyiruensis Niu,sp.nov.The female of A.(A.)beijingensis(Wu,1986)and the male of A.(A.)flavonigra(Wu,1988)are described for the first time.Diagnoses,updated synonymies,materials examined,global distributional data and floral associations of each species are provided along with illustrations and a key to known species in China.展开更多
The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and flora...The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and floral macro and micro-organisms that act in different stages of maturation;studies on this fauna are quite rare both nationally and internationally.On a sample of two tons of household waste,we documented invertebrates that colonized compost heaps and then assessed the changes in the structure of the invertebrate population during the different phases.Our study revealed the presence of several zoological groups colonizing the compost heaps during the different composting phases;we noted the presence of:(1)Macroscopic invertebrates,in order of number of individuals:insect larvae,ants,earthworms,sowbugs,spiders,springtails,and millipedes,and(2)Microscopic invertebrates,the most abundant in terms of individuals:mites and nematodes.As for the order of appearance,we observed that insect larvae were the first to colonize the compost heap from the very first days of installation,followed by woodlice observed during the thermophilic phase and disappearing towards the end of the process.Earthworms were observed during the end of the thermophilic phase,while springtails were observed more during the cooling and maturation phases.Our study revealed the presence of a good quality of fauna during the composting process,which are indicators of good compost quality and play a major role in the circulation of nutrients,thus ensuring the provision of essential elements for plant nutrition.展开更多
On the vast Hulun Buir steppe in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see.Known as one of the world’s four great grasslands and celebrated as the“kingdom of flora ...On the vast Hulun Buir steppe in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see.Known as one of the world’s four great grasslands and celebrated as the“kingdom of flora and fauna in north China,”the region has long been a cradle of traditional nomadic culture and a vital base for animal husbandry.展开更多
Soil biota mediates key ecological processes and delivers a range of societally important ecosystem services.However,the impacts of atmospheric changes on soil metazoans have been understudied.To address this knowledg...Soil biota mediates key ecological processes and delivers a range of societally important ecosystem services.However,the impacts of atmospheric changes on soil metazoans have been understudied.To address this knowledge gap,we evaluated the short-term responses of soil metazoans to elevated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and ozone(O_(3))with two commonly grown rice varieties(Nanjing 5055 and Wuyujing 3)in a paddy soil.A simultaneous increase of CO_(2)and O_(3)concentrations had a negligible effect on the diversity of Annelida,Mollusca,Porifera,and total soil metazoans,suggesting that soil metazoan taxa had an inherent resilience to atmospheric changes.However,elevated CO_(2)alone significantly enhanced the diversity and relative abundances of Craniata and Platyhelminthes for Wuyujing 3 under ambient O_(3)conditions.However,elevated O_(3)decreased the diversity and relative abundance of Craniata by 42.7%and 47.7%,respectively,especially under elevated CO_(2)conditions for Wuyujing 3,demonstrating significant interactive effects.Furthermore,soil NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N contents mostly shaped the changes in the diversity and composition of soil metazoan communities.These results highlight the crucial role of rice variety regulating soil metazoan communities under the complex interaction between short-term elevated CO_(2)and O3.Thus,to better understand the mechanisms and processes within soil food webs,future studies should include the combined effects of various climate change factors and different crop varieties on soil metazoan communities.展开更多
The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to u...The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to unreliable trade statistics and enforcement challenges.The Lacey Act Amendment(LAA)of 2008 mandated declaring scientific names for timber shipments entering the United States.Therefore,this study assessed the implementation of the LAA using data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for 4 tropical timber species including Keruing,Meranti,Acajou d’Afrique,and Mahogany from Indonesia,Malaysia,Brazil,Philippines,Cameroon,Ghana,Congo,Cote d’Ivoire,and Bolivia,with high rates of illegal logging.This study showed that the United States imported 49 species of Keruing species group,126 species of Meranti species group,6 species of Acajou d’Afrique species group,and 2 species of Mahogany species group during 2017-2023.Despite mandatory declarations,approximately 14.60%of timber import records lacked species-specific names.Conservation assessments identified 37 species of Keruing species group and 68 species of Meranti species group listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)but absent from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES).Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the first principal component was primarily driven by import value and import volume,reflecting the overall trade prominence,while the second principal component captured temporal pattern through import year.Further,this study developed a Trade-Adjusted Conservation Priority Index(TACPI)that integrated conservation status with trade prominence to prioritize species at risk.Species with high TACPI scores,such as Dipterocarpus coriaceus and Shorea balangeran,were identified as urgently needing regulatory focus.To strengthen sustainable trade and conservation,it is recommended to enforce the LAA more strictly,expand timber identification technologies,and mandate key supplier countries,who are the CITES’signatories,to list high-risk species in the CITES appendices.展开更多
The Tetori Group of central Japan,dated in the past as Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous,has been widely used in correlation and even for dating Asian non-marine Late Mesozoic strata,because it is composed of marine an...The Tetori Group of central Japan,dated in the past as Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous,has been widely used in correlation and even for dating Asian non-marine Late Mesozoic strata,because it is composed of marine and non-marine deposits,containing marine molluscs and various non-marine fossils.However,when comparing the marine bivalve faunas,four out of 11 species previously recorded from the Mitarai Formation(a critical formation in determining the age of the Tetori Group)of the lower Tetori Group in the Makito/Shokawa area of northern Gifu Prefecture,central Japan(i.e.,Palaeonucula makitoensis(Hayami)Entolium inequivalve Hayami,Thracia shokawensis Hayami,and Pleuromya hidensis Hayami)could be recognized from the Barremian-Aptian Qihulin and Yunshan formations of the Longzhaogou Group in the Yunshan area of eastern Heilongjiang,NE China.These formations yield Barremian ammonites and the global late Barremian-middle Albian(mainly Aptian)index Aucellina caucasica-Aucellina aptiensis assemblage,suggesting that the Japanese Mitarai Formation is late Early Cretaceous(Barremian-Aptian,mainly Barremian)rather than Middle Jurassic or Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous in age,and implying that the basal formation of the Tetori Group,the Ushimaru Formation,conformably overlain by the Mitarai Formation,is likely to be no older than Hauterivian.展开更多
Complete checklist records are essential to understand regional bird diversity.We update the checklist of the bird species of Jiangxi,China based on numerous reported documents.The updated checklist of the bird specie...Complete checklist records are essential to understand regional bird diversity.We update the checklist of the bird species of Jiangxi,China based on numerous reported documents.The updated checklist of the bird species of Jiangxi shows that there are 536 bird species in Jiangxi,which belong to 21 orders,74 families,246 genera.And 48.7% of them are Passeriformes species and 12.3% are Charadriiformes species.Fifty species are classified as threatened.Fourteen of these species are grade I nationally protected wild animals,and 72 species are grade II nationally protected wild animals.In addition,fauna analyses indicate that the Palearctic realm（47.7%） is dominant.As for distribution type,the Oriental type is dominant.Considering the fauna of resident birds,the Oriental realm is dominant.Additionally,the distribution of several species was revised in the checklist.展开更多
The focus of this study was to investigate the macroinvertebrate community in surface mine wetlands. Nine wetlands were sampled for macroinvertebrates from July 1993 through May 1994.These sites represented a range of...The focus of this study was to investigate the macroinvertebrate community in surface mine wetlands. Nine wetlands were sampled for macroinvertebrates from July 1993 through May 1994.These sites represented a range of physical,chemical, and biological parameters. Macroinvertebrates were found in all sites;a total of 14 orders, 40 families,and 70 genera were identified in the samples. Insects were the most common invertebrates,and most functional feeding groups were represented. Predators dominated with 63% of the taxa, followed by the collector/gathers with 20%,shredders 14%, and scrapers 3%. Sites differed in the number of taxa inhabiting them.Richness ranged from 10 genera to 52.The lowest richness was found in two seasonal wetlands that were dry for the majority of the year. A permanently flooded site with no water quality problems and a dense growth of aquatic plants had the highest richness.展开更多
Sediments of carbonate gravity flows and terrigenous debris turbidites, and normal bathyal deposits were found at the Shaiwa Section, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Through grain size analysis of...Sediments of carbonate gravity flows and terrigenous debris turbidites, and normal bathyal deposits were found at the Shaiwa Section, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Through grain size analysis of some typical sediments at this section, the changing patterns of the grain parameters and the grain size cumulations were recovered. Results show that the study area was deposited under turbidite control during the Late Permian period, which we also recognized at the outcrop section upon sedimentary characteristics of the sediments. In addition, fossils are abundant in the Upper Permian of the Shaiwa Section, including radiolarians, sponge spicules, bivalves, brachiopods, ammonoids and trace fossils. Radiolarians and siliceous sponge spicules are typical deep water assemblages. Bivalves are dominated by genera of Hunanopecten and Claraia , both showing deep water living characteristics. Ammonoids are composed of planktonic types, showing characteristics of smooth and flat shells. Brachiopods are dominated by a small and thin shelled assemblage, which are commonly flat in shape and usually of slight ornamentations on shells. In addition, trace fossils found at the Shaiwa Section are also common types of deep water facies. Thus, the fossil evidence of the Shaiwa Section also suggests a deep water environment, possibly from the bathyal slope to the basin margin facies, of the studied area during the Late Permian period.展开更多
The extensive Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic sedimentary succession exposed within the James Ross Basin,Antarctica has huge potential to enhance paleobiological investigations into both the marine and terrestrial fossi...The extensive Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic sedimentary succession exposed within the James Ross Basin,Antarctica has huge potential to enhance paleobiological investigations into both the marine and terrestrial fossil records.In excess of 7 km in total thickness and spanning the Early Cretaceous(Aptian)–Late Eocene in age,it represents an invaluable high-latitude(~65°S)site for comparison with lower latitude,tropical ones in an essentially greenhouse world.The Early Cretaceous(Aptian–Albian)sequence is deep-water but there are indications of shallowing to inner shelf depths in both the Turonian and Coniacian stages.The first prolific shallow-water marine fauna occurs in the Santonian–Campanian Santa Marta Formation and this is followed by repeated occurrences through the later Campanian,Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene(Lutetian).In this study an attempt has been made to compare these Antarctic faunas directly with the well-known ones of the same age from the US Gulf Coast.Detailed comparisons made for three time slices,Late Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene,indicate that the Antarctic is characterised by both low taxonomic diversity and high levels of endemism.The James Ross Basin is providing important evidence to indicate that the highest southern latitudes have always been characterised by a distinctive temperate biota,even on a pre-glacial Earth.The roots of at least some elements of the modern Southern Ocean biota can be traced back to a Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic austral realm.展开更多
文摘The stratigraphy,sedimentary history and paleontology of the northern Eromanga Basin are reviewed in the light of extensive field effort,searching for Cretaceous vertebrate fossils,in particular dinosaurs.Prolonged non-marine deposition throughout the Jurassic was followed by Lower Cretaceous marine incursions which extended to the late Albian.Whilst biostratigraphy is underpinned by microfloral assemblages there are three distinct marine faunas preserved from the late Aptian,early middle Albian and late Albian.Effective regression caused by sediment oversupply in the latest Albian heralded the final phase of non-marine deposition in the Eromanga Basin which continued into the Cenomanian.A distinct floral assemblage is accompanied by a modest fossil vertebrate assemblage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40071011No.49271070
文摘About 70 examples of Quaternary fauna in China's tropics are enumerated in this paper. Of which about 40% of the examples can be found even in cooling stages, showing the smaller amplitude of climatic fluctuation during Quaternary. According to the temporal and spatial distribution of tropical faunas, the following characters of climate variation can be evidenced: two main cycles in Early Pleistocene, three main cycles in Middle Pleistocene, two main cycles in Late Pleistocene and Holocene Megathermal. The drop in temperature during the Latest Glacial Period and Neoglaciation has not endangered the existence of tropical faunas. With influence of cooling fluctuation during historical period, some faunas have removed southwards progressively, but disappearance of these animals in China's tropics was mainly the result of artificial factors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.41172025
文摘Objective The Devonian bivalves are well developed, highly diversified and widely distributed in Guangxi. However, they have not been well studied previously, although several papers have dealt with it. Meanwhile, the biodiversity change of bivalves which is one of the most important benthos during Devonian in South China has not been studied yet. The aim of present project is focused on the study of systematic palaeontology, the life-habits, of Devonian bivalves of Guangxi.
文摘The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils.The oldest fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Kundaram fauna,which correlates the Kundaram Formation with several other coeval Late Permian horizons of South Africa,Zambia,Tanzania,Mozambique,Malawi,Madagascar and Brazil.The Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna.
基金This study was a contribution to the 30th IGC Project 96-30-16 supported by the State Planning Commission and the Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.Yuan Lingsheng,Li Chang'an,Li Longyin,Chen Lianfang,Chi Zhenqing and Zhang Xujiao also took
文摘From 1985 to 1987, four new localities with abundant fossil mammals were dis-covered by Cao, Tian and others in the Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) area, Beijing. They are theEast, West, Shangdian and Donglingzi caves. The East Cave fauna consists of 28 speices ofmammals and its age is middle Early Pleistocene. The East Cave assemblage shows that a tem-perature-falling event took place at around 1.20 Ma B.P. at Zhoukoudian. Sixteen species ofmammals were collected from the West Cave, which are mainly forms of late Early Pleistoceneage. The West Cave fauna represents a transitional fauna from the East Cave fauna (dry-cold)to the fauna (warm) at locality 9. The Shangdian Cave fauna is composed of four forms, beingMiddle Pleistocene in age. The Donglingzi Cave fauna contains 21 Late Pleistocene forms. Inthe cave two fossil horizons may be distinguished. The age of the lower horizon is early LatePleistocene, which is equivalent to that of the New Cave fauna; while the fauna of the upper ho-rizon may be correlated with the Upper Cave fauna.
基金supported financially by projects of the National Science Foundation of China and School of Economics of Shandong Province.
文摘There are 3048 species of fish occurring in the China Seas （CS）, of which at least 2321 species are found in the South China Sea （SCS）, belonging to 35 orders, 236 families and 822 genera. The fish species diversity is analyzed in this paper based on biogeography, biostatistics, fishing methods, etc. It is found that the regional environment, especially biological factors, plays an important role in the distribution of faunas, and there are two fish faunas in the SCS, one in the north and another in the center and south. This regional division is of value for sustainable fishery production and eiTlcient management of fishery resources.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q050603)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaCAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘The Cyathaxonia faunas are widely distributed in the Carboniferous and Permian strata in China.The fauna in China contains 12 families and 40 genera,and can be recognized as three episodes from Early Carboniferous to the end-Permian in terms of their occurrence and composition:1) Mississippian;2) Pennsylvanian-Early Permian;3) Middle Permian-Late Permian.They were relatively abundant in episodes 1 and 2.A decrease of family Antiphyllidae and an increase of family Hapsiphyllidae can be observed from Early Carboniferous to the end-Permian.Two case studies are given to illustrate the bio-facies of the Cyathaxonia faunas,which are from the Mississippian of Baoshan,West Yunnan and the Mississippian of Chaohu,South Anhui.In both areas,Cyathaxonia faunas occur just below the large dissepimented solitary and compound coral assemblages in a continuous sequence in a single section,which implies that the occurrence of these small,non-dissepimented solitary corals is not strictly related with Gondwanan or Peri-gondwanan cold water environment,but might be controlled by such benthic conditions as deeper,mud-rich,quieter,and darker sedimentary environments.
文摘During the transition from the late Late Permian to the early Early Triassic, faunas over the world were all at a low tide of evolution. But conodonts, as marine fossils, displayed a clear growth series, as compared with other groups. This is momentous to explaining the development of organisms in the transition period, and to defining a Permian-
文摘Monsoon has an important impact on the development of vegetation that subsequently has significant influence on the evolution of plant consumers.The diversities of forest dwellers or herbivores follow the evolution of the vegetation,and it is therefore possible to take such diversities as forest or vegetation dynamic proxies.The present work selected 36 Pleistocene faunas of large mammals from monsoon-dominated provinces in China as materials and calculated the diversities of forest dwellers and herbivores with different approaches,as well as the consensus gradient coefficients of all the selected faunas in different flora regionalized subkingdoms.The results show that with the evolution and transitions of the East Asian summer and winter monsoon intensities,the forest vitality decreased while steppe vitality increased gradually in a fluctuated way from the Early Pleistocene to the Late Pleistocene,especially in the provinces north of the Qinling-Huaihe Line.The analyses of such diversities of the faunas can help to determine the forest dynamic proxies.Moreover,the correlation of such proxies to loess-paleosol sequences and marine isotope stages can in turn help to improve the accuracy of dating fauna ages and paleoenvironment reconstruction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200363,32325011,32220103004,32400361,32300370)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (071GJHZ2023041MI)+2 种基金Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASTAX-24-051,CAS-TAX-24-052)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M743416)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2024NSFSC1180)。
文摘This study provides an updated checklist of snake species in China,building upon the 2020 checklist and incorporating comprehensive review of relevant literature published from 2020 to December 2024,as well as pre-2020 sources that may have been overlooked.As of the end of 2024,the Chinese Serpents fauna included 19 families,71 genera,and 355 species of snakes.Significant progress has been made in the past five years,including the description of one new family,one new genus,and 60 new species.One subfamily and seven subspecies were elevated to full status,and 12 species were resurrected as valid species.Four genera and 27 species were newly recorded,three genera and four species were synonymized,and one family,four genera,and 12 species were excluded from the documented herpetofauna.This updated list highlights the presence of significant snake diversity and unresolved taxonomic challenges,emphasizing the potential for further discoveries.It also identifies under-researched groups,stressing the urgent need for focused taxonomic and ecological efforts to enhance our understanding of snake biodiversity in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270465)supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(32122016)+2 种基金the second Xizangan Plateau scientific expedition research(STEP)program(2019QZKK05010605)to Zeqing Niuthe Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Xizang(ZL202203601)mainly supported by grants from State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management(SKLA2501)。
文摘Chinese bees of the subgenus Anthophora(Anthomegilla)Marikovskaya,1976 are reviewed.Eleven species are confirmed to occur in China,two of which are described and illustrated as new species:A.(Anthomegilla)nailungensis Niu,sp.nov.and A.(A.)gyiruensis Niu,sp.nov.The female of A.(A.)beijingensis(Wu,1986)and the male of A.(A.)flavonigra(Wu,1988)are described for the first time.Diagnoses,updated synonymies,materials examined,global distributional data and floral associations of each species are provided along with illustrations and a key to known species in China.
文摘The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and floral macro and micro-organisms that act in different stages of maturation;studies on this fauna are quite rare both nationally and internationally.On a sample of two tons of household waste,we documented invertebrates that colonized compost heaps and then assessed the changes in the structure of the invertebrate population during the different phases.Our study revealed the presence of several zoological groups colonizing the compost heaps during the different composting phases;we noted the presence of:(1)Macroscopic invertebrates,in order of number of individuals:insect larvae,ants,earthworms,sowbugs,spiders,springtails,and millipedes,and(2)Microscopic invertebrates,the most abundant in terms of individuals:mites and nematodes.As for the order of appearance,we observed that insect larvae were the first to colonize the compost heap from the very first days of installation,followed by woodlice observed during the thermophilic phase and disappearing towards the end of the process.Earthworms were observed during the end of the thermophilic phase,while springtails were observed more during the cooling and maturation phases.Our study revealed the presence of a good quality of fauna during the composting process,which are indicators of good compost quality and play a major role in the circulation of nutrients,thus ensuring the provision of essential elements for plant nutrition.
文摘On the vast Hulun Buir steppe in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see.Known as one of the world’s four great grasslands and celebrated as the“kingdom of flora and fauna in north China,”the region has long been a cradle of traditional nomadic culture and a vital base for animal husbandry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077209,32271679,and 32071631)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Nos.2023R1002004 and 2023J06024)The James Hutton Institute of UK received funding from the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services(RESAS)under Healthy Soils for a Green Recovery,as part of the 2022-2027 Strategic Research Programme。
文摘Soil biota mediates key ecological processes and delivers a range of societally important ecosystem services.However,the impacts of atmospheric changes on soil metazoans have been understudied.To address this knowledge gap,we evaluated the short-term responses of soil metazoans to elevated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and ozone(O_(3))with two commonly grown rice varieties(Nanjing 5055 and Wuyujing 3)in a paddy soil.A simultaneous increase of CO_(2)and O_(3)concentrations had a negligible effect on the diversity of Annelida,Mollusca,Porifera,and total soil metazoans,suggesting that soil metazoan taxa had an inherent resilience to atmospheric changes.However,elevated CO_(2)alone significantly enhanced the diversity and relative abundances of Craniata and Platyhelminthes for Wuyujing 3 under ambient O_(3)conditions.However,elevated O_(3)decreased the diversity and relative abundance of Craniata by 42.7%and 47.7%,respectively,especially under elevated CO_(2)conditions for Wuyujing 3,demonstrating significant interactive effects.Furthermore,soil NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N contents mostly shaped the changes in the diversity and composition of soil metazoan communities.These results highlight the crucial role of rice variety regulating soil metazoan communities under the complex interaction between short-term elevated CO_(2)and O3.Thus,to better understand the mechanisms and processes within soil food webs,future studies should include the combined effects of various climate change factors and different crop varieties on soil metazoan communities.
基金United States Endowment for Forestry and Communities in coordination with the Northern Forest Center for partial funding(No.91093)of the project.
文摘The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to unreliable trade statistics and enforcement challenges.The Lacey Act Amendment(LAA)of 2008 mandated declaring scientific names for timber shipments entering the United States.Therefore,this study assessed the implementation of the LAA using data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for 4 tropical timber species including Keruing,Meranti,Acajou d’Afrique,and Mahogany from Indonesia,Malaysia,Brazil,Philippines,Cameroon,Ghana,Congo,Cote d’Ivoire,and Bolivia,with high rates of illegal logging.This study showed that the United States imported 49 species of Keruing species group,126 species of Meranti species group,6 species of Acajou d’Afrique species group,and 2 species of Mahogany species group during 2017-2023.Despite mandatory declarations,approximately 14.60%of timber import records lacked species-specific names.Conservation assessments identified 37 species of Keruing species group and 68 species of Meranti species group listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)but absent from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES).Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the first principal component was primarily driven by import value and import volume,reflecting the overall trade prominence,while the second principal component captured temporal pattern through import year.Further,this study developed a Trade-Adjusted Conservation Priority Index(TACPI)that integrated conservation status with trade prominence to prioritize species at risk.Species with high TACPI scores,such as Dipterocarpus coriaceus and Shorea balangeran,were identified as urgently needing regulatory focus.To strengthen sustainable trade and conservation,it is recommended to enforce the LAA more strictly,expand timber identification technologies,and mandate key supplier countries,who are the CITES’signatories,to list high-risk species in the CITES appendices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91114201,40632010)the Bureau of Geological Survey of China(1212011120116)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2012CB821906)。
文摘The Tetori Group of central Japan,dated in the past as Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous,has been widely used in correlation and even for dating Asian non-marine Late Mesozoic strata,because it is composed of marine and non-marine deposits,containing marine molluscs and various non-marine fossils.However,when comparing the marine bivalve faunas,four out of 11 species previously recorded from the Mitarai Formation(a critical formation in determining the age of the Tetori Group)of the lower Tetori Group in the Makito/Shokawa area of northern Gifu Prefecture,central Japan(i.e.,Palaeonucula makitoensis(Hayami)Entolium inequivalve Hayami,Thracia shokawensis Hayami,and Pleuromya hidensis Hayami)could be recognized from the Barremian-Aptian Qihulin and Yunshan formations of the Longzhaogou Group in the Yunshan area of eastern Heilongjiang,NE China.These formations yield Barremian ammonites and the global late Barremian-middle Albian(mainly Aptian)index Aucellina caucasica-Aucellina aptiensis assemblage,suggesting that the Japanese Mitarai Formation is late Early Cretaceous(Barremian-Aptian,mainly Barremian)rather than Middle Jurassic or Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous in age,and implying that the basal formation of the Tetori Group,the Ushimaru Formation,conformably overlain by the Mitarai Formation,is likely to be no older than Hauterivian.
文摘Complete checklist records are essential to understand regional bird diversity.We update the checklist of the bird species of Jiangxi,China based on numerous reported documents.The updated checklist of the bird species of Jiangxi shows that there are 536 bird species in Jiangxi,which belong to 21 orders,74 families,246 genera.And 48.7% of them are Passeriformes species and 12.3% are Charadriiformes species.Fifty species are classified as threatened.Fourteen of these species are grade I nationally protected wild animals,and 72 species are grade II nationally protected wild animals.In addition,fauna analyses indicate that the Palearctic realm（47.7%） is dominant.As for distribution type,the Oriental type is dominant.Considering the fauna of resident birds,the Oriental realm is dominant.Additionally,the distribution of several species was revised in the checklist.
文摘The focus of this study was to investigate the macroinvertebrate community in surface mine wetlands. Nine wetlands were sampled for macroinvertebrates from July 1993 through May 1994.These sites represented a range of physical,chemical, and biological parameters. Macroinvertebrates were found in all sites;a total of 14 orders, 40 families,and 70 genera were identified in the samples. Insects were the most common invertebrates,and most functional feeding groups were represented. Predators dominated with 63% of the taxa, followed by the collector/gathers with 20%,shredders 14%, and scrapers 3%. Sites differed in the number of taxa inhabiting them.Richness ranged from 10 genera to 52.The lowest richness was found in two seasonal wetlands that were dry for the majority of the year. A permanently flooded site with no water quality problems and a dense growth of aquatic plants had the highest richness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundationof China ( Nos. 40172012 and 40232025 ), the Australian Common wealth Government and Deakin University for the award of an Interna tional Postgraduate Research Scholarship (IPRS) to PYQ
文摘Sediments of carbonate gravity flows and terrigenous debris turbidites, and normal bathyal deposits were found at the Shaiwa Section, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Through grain size analysis of some typical sediments at this section, the changing patterns of the grain parameters and the grain size cumulations were recovered. Results show that the study area was deposited under turbidite control during the Late Permian period, which we also recognized at the outcrop section upon sedimentary characteristics of the sediments. In addition, fossils are abundant in the Upper Permian of the Shaiwa Section, including radiolarians, sponge spicules, bivalves, brachiopods, ammonoids and trace fossils. Radiolarians and siliceous sponge spicules are typical deep water assemblages. Bivalves are dominated by genera of Hunanopecten and Claraia , both showing deep water living characteristics. Ammonoids are composed of planktonic types, showing characteristics of smooth and flat shells. Brachiopods are dominated by a small and thin shelled assemblage, which are commonly flat in shape and usually of slight ornamentations on shells. In addition, trace fossils found at the Shaiwa Section are also common types of deep water facies. Thus, the fossil evidence of the Shaiwa Section also suggests a deep water environment, possibly from the bathyal slope to the basin margin facies, of the studied area during the Late Permian period.
基金Financial support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council is gratefully acknowledged, and in particular: NE/I005803/1
文摘The extensive Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic sedimentary succession exposed within the James Ross Basin,Antarctica has huge potential to enhance paleobiological investigations into both the marine and terrestrial fossil records.In excess of 7 km in total thickness and spanning the Early Cretaceous(Aptian)–Late Eocene in age,it represents an invaluable high-latitude(~65°S)site for comparison with lower latitude,tropical ones in an essentially greenhouse world.The Early Cretaceous(Aptian–Albian)sequence is deep-water but there are indications of shallowing to inner shelf depths in both the Turonian and Coniacian stages.The first prolific shallow-water marine fauna occurs in the Santonian–Campanian Santa Marta Formation and this is followed by repeated occurrences through the later Campanian,Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene(Lutetian).In this study an attempt has been made to compare these Antarctic faunas directly with the well-known ones of the same age from the US Gulf Coast.Detailed comparisons made for three time slices,Late Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene,indicate that the Antarctic is characterised by both low taxonomic diversity and high levels of endemism.The James Ross Basin is providing important evidence to indicate that the highest southern latitudes have always been characterised by a distinctive temperate biota,even on a pre-glacial Earth.The roots of at least some elements of the modern Southern Ocean biota can be traced back to a Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic austral realm.
