Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),also referred to as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,is among the most prevalent chronic liver conditions.In some cases,NAFLD may lead to liver inflammation and non-alc...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),also referred to as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,is among the most prevalent chronic liver conditions.In some cases,NAFLD may lead to liver inflammation and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,which can eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex,involving both genetic and environmental factors.NAFLD is a multisystem disease linked to a higher likelihood of developing metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes,obesity,and cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.The gut-liver axis represents a key connection between the gut microbiota and the liver,and its disruption has been linked to NAFLD.Growing evidence underscores the significant role of gut microbiota in the onset and progression of NAFLD,with alterations in the gut microbiome and impaired gut barrier function.Studies have identified key microbiota signatures and metabolites linked to NAFLD,implicating oxidative stress,endotoxemia,and inflammatory pathways that further strengthen the connection between gut microbiota and NAFLD.Modulation of gut microbiota through diet and microbiota-centered therapies,such as next-generation probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation,holds promise for treating NAFLD.In this review,we explore the key link between gut microbiota and the development and progression of NAFLD,as well as its potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.展开更多
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly known as nonalcoho-lic fatty liver disease,is an increasing global health challenge with substantial implications for metabolic and cardiovascular health(CVH).A...Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly known as nonalcoho-lic fatty liver disease,is an increasing global health challenge with substantial implications for metabolic and cardiovascular health(CVH).A recent study by Fu et al investigated the relationship between CVH metrics,specifically Life’s Simple 7 and Life’s Essential 8,and the prevalence of MAFLD.While this study offered important insights into the relationship between CVH and MAFLD,several me-thodological limitations,unaddressed confounding factors,and potential biases that could impact the interpretation of their findings should be considered.The study’s cross-sectional nature restricted the ability to draw causal conclusions,and it did not fully account for potential confounding factors such as dietary habits,genetic predispositions,and medication use.Furthermore,relying on tran-sient elastography to diagnose MAFLD introduces certain diagnostic limitations.Longitudinal study designs,advanced statistical modeling techniques,and diverse population groups should be utilized to strengthen future research.Exploring the mechanistic pathways that link CVH metrics to MAFLD through multi-omics approaches and interventional studies will be essential in formulating targeted prevention and treatment strategies.Structural equation modeling and machine learning techniques could provide a more refined analysis of these interrelated factors.Additionally,future research should employ longitudinal study designs and explore genetic and epigenetic influences to enhance our un-derstanding of CVH and MAFLD interactions.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the fastest-growing global contributor to the disease burden associated with the consequences of chronic liver disease,including cirrhosis and liver cancer.It is projected th...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the fastest-growing global contributor to the disease burden associated with the consequences of chronic liver disease,including cirrhosis and liver cancer.It is projected that more than fifty percent of the adult population,including women,smokers,and individuals without metabolic syndrome,will have NAFLD by 2040.Various mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to NAFLD and the consequent fibrosis have been discerned,which suggest the dysbiosis-induced impairment of gut endothelial barrier function,leading to hepatic inflammation through the translocation of bacterial components.NAFLD is progressively associated with environmental variables,especially exposure to heavy metals that impair liver metabolism,produce oxidative stress,and exacerbate inflammation,hence accelerating its progression.These toxicants also modify the composition of gut microbiota,hence intensifying liver damage.Comprehending the processes by which heavy metals contribute to NAFLD is essential for formulating tailored therapies.This review examines strategies to alleviate liver toxicity caused by heavy metals,including chelation therapy,dietary modifications(antioxidants and hepatoprotective nutrients),gut microbiome modulation via probiotics and postbiotics like short-chain fatty acids to restore intestinal barrier function and use of essential minerals like selenium,with potent antioxidant characteristics.Employing these measures may offer an integrated approach for addressing NAFLD in individuals subjected to heavy metal poisoning.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally,with its incidence rising annually.It can progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma,posing a serious t...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally,with its incidence rising annually.It can progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma,posing a serious threat to human health.Stress can participate in the pathological process of NAFLD by activating inflammatory responses and regulating levels of inflammatory mediators,with hepatocyte injury being a core component of NAFLD progression.This paper focuses on three key stress-related inflammatory mediators:tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and C-reactive protein(CRP),elucidating their core mechanisms in the pathway related to stress signal,followed by inflammatory activation and hepatocyte injury respectively,and reviewing current research.Research indicates that certain inflammatory mediators can damage hepatocytes by directly inducing apoptosis or indirectly regulating metabolic disorders and fibrosis progression.However,questions regarding causal relationships,target specificity for intervention,and quantification of psychological stress remain unresolved.This paper aims to provide theoretical support for NAFLD intervention strategies targeting inflammatory mediators,clarifying future research directions to advance clinical translation.展开更多
With the shift in the definition of disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the rapid evolution of pathological classification and therapeuti...With the shift in the definition of disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the rapid evolution of pathological classification and therapeutic targets,traditional clinical teaching models face challenges such as outdated guideline updates,disjointed translation of scientific research,and limited skill training.This study proposes a dynamic training model integrating“guidelines,clinical practice,and scientific research.”Through stratified case-based teaching(e.g.,FibroScan simulator and metabolic sand table),dynamic guideline analysis(comparing old and new evidence),and the integration of scientific thinking(visualization of CAND1 protein mechanism),a teaching system that integrates theory and practice is constructed.Innovatively developed smart assistant tools(AI decision support system,VR liver biopsy simulator)and a multi-dimensional evaluation system(deviation analysis of diagnosis and treatment pathways,milestone assessment)are used while emphasizing metabolic medicine integration(continuous glucose monitoring and digital therapy)and ethical privacy protection(federated learning framework).This model aims to cultivate students’evidence-based decision-making skills and scientific research transformation thinking through dynamic knowledge base construction and interdisciplinary collaboration,providing sustainable teaching solutions to cope with the rapid iteration of NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)for modeling and treating metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and metabolic associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is emerging.MAFLD is a growing global health...The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)for modeling and treating metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and metabolic associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is emerging.MAFLD is a growing global health concern,currently with limited treatment options.While primary mesenchymal stem cells hold promise,iPSCs offer a versatile alternative due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types,including iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells.However,challenges remain,including optimizing differentiation protocols,ensuring cell safety,and addressing potential tumorigenicity risks.In addition,iPSCs offer the possibility to generate complex cellular models,including three-dimensional organoid models,which are closer representations of the human disease than animal models.Those models would also be valuable for drug discovery and personalized medicine approaches.Overall,iPSCs and their derivatives offer new perspectives for advancing MAFLD/MASH research and developing novel therapeutic strategies.Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and translate this potential into effective clinical applications.展开更多
Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and acute pancreatitis severity.Intake of different fatty acids leads to different types of hyperlipidemias.Adipose d...Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and acute pancreatitis severity.Intake of different fatty acids leads to different types of hyperlipidemias.Adipose degradation by pancreatic lipase generates different free fatty acids,which can exacerbate pancreatitis.Saturated fatty acids(SFAs)play an inflammatory role in human metabolic syndrome and obesity,whereas unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs)are“good fats”that are thought to enhance overall health status.However,it appears that serum UFAs correlate with severe acute pancreatitis.Additionally,the“obesity paradox”suggests that UFAs potentially minimize direct harm to the organ.This review provides an in-depth overview of the role of SFAs and UFAs in acute pancreatitis of hyperlipidemia and discusses potential prevention targets for severe acute pancreatitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Improving our understanding of whether increased dietary intake ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)is beneficial for increasing skeletal muscle mass in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated f...BACKGROUND Improving our understanding of whether increased dietary intake ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)is beneficial for increasing skeletal muscle mass in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)could provide an important clinical evidence base for the development of relevant nutritional guidelines.AIM To investigate the effect of total dietaryω-3 PUFAs and their subtypes on skeletal muscle mass in MAFLD.METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 2316 participants from four National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles between 2011 and 2018.Dietary intake ofω-3 PUFAs was collected through 24-hour dietary recall interviews.Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)was calculated by dividing ASM in kilograms by height squared.RESULTS The multiple linear regression model showed significant relationships for dietary intake of totalω-3 PUFAs with higher ASMI(β:0.06,95%CI:0.01-0.11)in MAFLD patients.Dietary a-linolenic acid(ALA)(β:0.06,95%CI:0.01-0.12),docosapentaenoic acid(β:1.28,95%CI:0.01-2.54),and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)(β:0.19,95%CI:0.01-0.37)were significantly associated with higher ASMI,while intake of stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid did not improve ASMI.In patients with high probability of liver fibrosis,dietary intake of ALA was associated with higher ASMI(β:0.11,95%CI:0.03-0.18).Stratified analysis found that DHA was associated with higher ASMI in patients with obesity and higher metabolic risk.CONCLUSION Increasing dietary intake ofω-3 PUFAs improved skeletal muscle health in patients with MAFLD.Patient with obesity and higher metabolic risk were more likely to benefit from intake of DHA.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver d...BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.展开更多
The recent study exploring the bidirectional associations between gallstone disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and kidney stone disease highlights a critical concern in chronic disease management.Given the risi...The recent study exploring the bidirectional associations between gallstone disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and kidney stone disease highlights a critical concern in chronic disease management.Given the rising global prevalence of these conditions,understanding their interconnections is essential.The study emphasizes the importance of shared risk factors,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,and oxidative stress,and calls for multidisciplinary screening strategies.This approach would improve patient outcomes and reduce the socio-economic burden.While the study contributes valuable insights from a Chinese population,further research across diverse populations is necessary to validate and extend these findings globally.Ultimately,the research underscores the need for integrated prevention programs to better manage these interconnected diseases and improve health outcomes.展开更多
Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,ma...Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,making it a potentially superior feed additive.However,the efficacy,mechanistic differences,and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance,egg quality,and fatty liver disease in laying hens.Results A total of 1,44061-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg of CA,and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA(CON,CA25,CA50,CA100,CA200,CGA100,CGA200 and CGA400,respectively)for 12 weeks.Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality,while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation.CA and CGA significantly decreased TG,TC,and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes(ACLY,ACACA,FASN,and SCD1)and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes(FABPs,CD36,CPT1A,ACOX1,and SCP2).Of note,low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions.Mechanistically,CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαsignaling pathway.Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance,egg quality,and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens,with CA potentially being more economical and efficient.Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100.These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens,and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA(including the isomer of CGA)into CA,thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA.Highlights(1)Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver,laying performance and egg quality.(2)Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200.(3)CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαpathway to alleviate fatty liver.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11%in the United States.As for other types of tumors,such as colorec...BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11%in the United States.As for other types of tumors,such as colorectal cancer,aberrant de novo lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism have been suggested to be associated with PDAC development and progression.AIM To identify the possible involvement of lipid metabolism in PDAC by analyzing in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues the expression level of the most relevant genes involved in the long-chain fatty acid(FA)import into cell.METHODS A gene expression analysis of FASN,CD36,SLC27A1,SLC27A2,SLC27A3,SLC27A4,SLC27A5,ACSL1,and ACSL3 was performed by qRT-PCR in 24 tumoral PDAC tissues and 11 samples from non-tumoral pancreatic tissues obtained via fine needle aspiration or via surgical resection.The genes were considered significantly dysregulated between the groups when the p value was<0.05 and the fold change(FC)was≤0.5 and≥2.RESULTS We found that three FA transporters and two long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases genes were significantly upregulated in the PDAC tissue compared to the non-tumoral tissue:SLC27A2(FC=5.66;P=0.033),SLC27A3(FC=2.68;P=0.040),SLC27A4(FC=3.13;P=0.033),ACSL1(FC=4.10;P<0.001),and ACSL3(FC=2.67;P=0.012).We further investigated any possible association between the levels of the analyzed mRNAs and the specific characteristics of the tumors,including the anatomic location,the lymph node involvement,and the presence of metastasis.A significant difference in the expression of SLC27A3(FC=3.28;P=0.040)was found comparing patients with and without lymph nodes involvement with an overexpression of this transcript in 17 patients presenting tumoral cells in the lymph nodes.CONCLUSION Despite the low number of patients analyzed,these preliminary results seem to be promising.Addressing lipid metabolism through a broad strategy could be a beneficial way to treat this malignancy.Future in vitro and in vivo studies on these genes may offer important insights into the mechanisms linking PDAC with the long-chain FA import pathway.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geogra...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geographical origins. The identification and quantification of fatty acids and the polyphenolic profile were carried out by GC-MS and HPLC-UV, respectively. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters allowed the identification and quantification of 18 fatty acids. Oils from unwashed seeds were richer in palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0) acids. In addition, HPLC-UV analysis at 279 nm shows that oils from unwashed seeds are richer in tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. With regard to the polyphenolic profile, gallic acid and quercetin were not detected in these baobab oils. Principal component analysis of fatty acid and phenolic compound content showed that oils from unwashed seeds would best preserve their chemical and associated potential bioactive characteristics.展开更多
Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is a dietary microalga renowned for its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).However,research on the genes essential for PUFA synthesis in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is limited.T...Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is a dietary microalga renowned for its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).However,research on the genes essential for PUFA synthesis in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is limited.This study successfully isolated twoΔ9 fatty acid desaturase genes,IZ-delta9-1 and IZ-delta9-2,from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,which are classified as acyl-lipid desaturases based on phylogenetic analysis.When heterologously expressed in yeast,both genes were confirmed to catalyze the conversion of C16:0 and C18:0 into C16:1 and C18:1,respectively.Furthermore,the impacts of environmental factors on algal growth,fatty acid composition,and transcription levels were explored.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the fatty acid profiles of I.zhanjiangensis were evaluated.The findings showed that under low temperature(LT)and low nitrogen(LN)conditions,the saturated fatty acids(SFAs)content decreased,and the monounsaturated(MUFAs)and unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs)contents increased.Changes in salinity had a minimal impact on the fatty acid composition.The qPCR analysis revealed that high temperature(HT)and high salt(HS)increased the transcription of IZ-delta9-1,while low nitrogen(LN)and high nitrogen(HN)decreased it.Unlike IZ-delta9-1,the transcription of IZ-delta9-2 significantly increased under both low and high temperature treatments,especially in LT groups.Moreover,compared to the control,the transcription levels of IZ-delta9-1 decreased under improper salinity and nitrogen concentrations.This study is helpful for understanding the fatty acid synthesis pathway in I.zhanjiangensis.展开更多
This study examined four species of Scylla genus(S.paramamosain,S.olivacea,S.serrata,and S.tranquebarica)morphologically and molecularly.Morphologically,distinct frontal lobe spine shapes and colorations were observed...This study examined four species of Scylla genus(S.paramamosain,S.olivacea,S.serrata,and S.tranquebarica)morphologically and molecularly.Morphologically,distinct frontal lobe spine shapes and colorations were observed.Using HRM genotyping with CSN9 primers,we identified clear species-specific melting curve distinctions.The Tm values of S.serrata,S.paramamosain,S.tranquebarica and S.olivacea are 79.55℃,80.12℃,78.12℃ and 82.04℃,respectively.Sequencing data validated these results,revealing 28 SNPs and 9 haplotypes.Amino acid analysis showed arginine dominance in S.paramamosain,which was 40.64 mg g^(-1),and a TFAA range of 135.70-149.65 mg g^(-1).A total of 26 fatty acids were identified,while S.paramamosain showed the highest concentration(P<0.05).EPA was a major component(16.17%-23.26%),while S.paramamosain exhibited the highest levels.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis highlighted distinct species groupings based on amino acid and fatty acid profiles.These findings provide comprehensive insights into Scylla species'morphological,molecular,and biochemical diversities.展开更多
This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifest-ations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The incidence of NAFLD has been increased dramatically and become the leading cause o...This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifest-ations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The incidence of NAFLD has been increased dramatically and become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.In addition to its adverse outcomes of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma,and related complications,NAFLD has recently been found to be associated with the high-risk extrahepatic carcinomas,such as various types of lung cancer(i.e.,lung adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,and small cell lung cancer).The presence of hepatic steatosis also predisposes lung cancer to liver metastasis,but has better response to immune checkpoint inhibi-tors.Whether other factors(i.e.,gender,smoking,etc.)are associated with NAFLD and lung cancer remains controversial.We also comment on the reciprocal rela-tionships between NAFLD and components of metabolic syndrome.Most meta-bolic syndrome components are suggested to facilitate lung cancer development via activating insulin/insulin-like growth factor axis.In addition,suppressed anti-tumor immunity and accelerated tumor progression could be attributed to the cell-specific metabolic reprogramming in condition of high-fat diet and related obesity.These findings may reveal the role of NAFLD in pulmonary carcinoma and help develop new treatment strategies for this disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and is closely associated with oxidative stress.Increasing clinical evidence indicates that MAFLD is link...BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and is closely associated with oxidative stress.Increasing clinical evidence indicates that MAFLD is linked to bone metabolic disorders,including osteoporosis.Recent studies indicate that the expression profiles of liver circular RNAs(circRNAs)are altered in MAFLD.However,the effects of these changes on bone metabolism remain poorly understood.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of differently expressed circRNAs secreted by the liver on osteogenic differentiation in MAFLD.METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify highly expressed circRNAs in the liver,validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and localized using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).A mouse model induced by a high-fat diet was used to simulate MAFLD.RESULTS CircSOD2 was significantly upregulated in liver tissues and primary hepatocytes from subjects with MAFLD.CircSOD2 was induced by oxidative stress and attenuated by antioxidants in the mouse model.In addition,circSOD2 was delivered from hepatocytes to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Furthermore,circSOD2 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in vivo bone formation by sponging miR-29b.Moreover,miR-29b inhibition reversed the stimulatory effect of circSOD2 silencing on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in vivo bone formation.Mechanistically,the interaction between circSOD2 and miR-29b confirmed through a luciferase reporter assay and the co-localization in the cytoplasm evidenced by FISH indicated that circSOD2 acted as a sponge for miR-29b.CONCLUSION This study provides a novel mechanism underlying the liver-bone crosstalk,demonstrating that circSOD2 upregulation in hepatocytes,induced by oxidative stress,inhibits osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by sponging miR-29b.These findings offer a better understanding of the relationship between MAFLD and osteoporosis.展开更多
Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)is capable of synthesizing eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in vivo,but the conversion rate is hard to meet the body's need for rapid DHA supplementation.Studies have...Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)is capable of synthesizing eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in vivo,but the conversion rate is hard to meet the body's need for rapid DHA supplementation.Studies have shown that fucoxanthin can increase DHA content in the liver of mice,but the mechanism is not clear.Moreover,the effect of fucoxanthin and its metabolite fucoxanthinol on the chain lengthening reaction of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)is little studied.In this study,the effects of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol on the chain elongation of n-3 and n-6 series PUFAs were investigated in mice.Results showed that fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol significantly increased the conversion of n-3 series ALA to DHA and n-6 series linolenic acid(LA)to arachidonic acid(AA)in the serum,liver,small intestine,and heart of mice.In addition,fucoxanthin accelerated the rate of DHA supplementation by ALA in the brain.Further mechanistic studies revealed that the role of fucoxanthin in promoting PUFAs conversion was not regulated at transcriptional level,but by increasing the activity of fatty acid desaturase 2(FADS2),a key enzyme of chain elongation reaction of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs.This study fundamentally provided theoretical bases for a new strategy of dietary supplementation of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs.展开更多
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),also referred to as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,is among the most prevalent chronic liver conditions.In some cases,NAFLD may lead to liver inflammation and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,which can eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex,involving both genetic and environmental factors.NAFLD is a multisystem disease linked to a higher likelihood of developing metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes,obesity,and cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.The gut-liver axis represents a key connection between the gut microbiota and the liver,and its disruption has been linked to NAFLD.Growing evidence underscores the significant role of gut microbiota in the onset and progression of NAFLD,with alterations in the gut microbiome and impaired gut barrier function.Studies have identified key microbiota signatures and metabolites linked to NAFLD,implicating oxidative stress,endotoxemia,and inflammatory pathways that further strengthen the connection between gut microbiota and NAFLD.Modulation of gut microbiota through diet and microbiota-centered therapies,such as next-generation probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation,holds promise for treating NAFLD.In this review,we explore the key link between gut microbiota and the development and progression of NAFLD,as well as its potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
文摘Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly known as nonalcoho-lic fatty liver disease,is an increasing global health challenge with substantial implications for metabolic and cardiovascular health(CVH).A recent study by Fu et al investigated the relationship between CVH metrics,specifically Life’s Simple 7 and Life’s Essential 8,and the prevalence of MAFLD.While this study offered important insights into the relationship between CVH and MAFLD,several me-thodological limitations,unaddressed confounding factors,and potential biases that could impact the interpretation of their findings should be considered.The study’s cross-sectional nature restricted the ability to draw causal conclusions,and it did not fully account for potential confounding factors such as dietary habits,genetic predispositions,and medication use.Furthermore,relying on tran-sient elastography to diagnose MAFLD introduces certain diagnostic limitations.Longitudinal study designs,advanced statistical modeling techniques,and diverse population groups should be utilized to strengthen future research.Exploring the mechanistic pathways that link CVH metrics to MAFLD through multi-omics approaches and interventional studies will be essential in formulating targeted prevention and treatment strategies.Structural equation modeling and machine learning techniques could provide a more refined analysis of these interrelated factors.Additionally,future research should employ longitudinal study designs and explore genetic and epigenetic influences to enhance our un-derstanding of CVH and MAFLD interactions.
基金Supported by DHR Women Scientist Fellowship,No.12013/53/2024.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the fastest-growing global contributor to the disease burden associated with the consequences of chronic liver disease,including cirrhosis and liver cancer.It is projected that more than fifty percent of the adult population,including women,smokers,and individuals without metabolic syndrome,will have NAFLD by 2040.Various mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to NAFLD and the consequent fibrosis have been discerned,which suggest the dysbiosis-induced impairment of gut endothelial barrier function,leading to hepatic inflammation through the translocation of bacterial components.NAFLD is progressively associated with environmental variables,especially exposure to heavy metals that impair liver metabolism,produce oxidative stress,and exacerbate inflammation,hence accelerating its progression.These toxicants also modify the composition of gut microbiota,hence intensifying liver damage.Comprehending the processes by which heavy metals contribute to NAFLD is essential for formulating tailored therapies.This review examines strategies to alleviate liver toxicity caused by heavy metals,including chelation therapy,dietary modifications(antioxidants and hepatoprotective nutrients),gut microbiome modulation via probiotics and postbiotics like short-chain fatty acids to restore intestinal barrier function and use of essential minerals like selenium,with potent antioxidant characteristics.Employing these measures may offer an integrated approach for addressing NAFLD in individuals subjected to heavy metal poisoning.
基金Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Project No.:QN2022013)。
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally,with its incidence rising annually.It can progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma,posing a serious threat to human health.Stress can participate in the pathological process of NAFLD by activating inflammatory responses and regulating levels of inflammatory mediators,with hepatocyte injury being a core component of NAFLD progression.This paper focuses on three key stress-related inflammatory mediators:tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and C-reactive protein(CRP),elucidating their core mechanisms in the pathway related to stress signal,followed by inflammatory activation and hepatocyte injury respectively,and reviewing current research.Research indicates that certain inflammatory mediators can damage hepatocytes by directly inducing apoptosis or indirectly regulating metabolic disorders and fibrosis progression.However,questions regarding causal relationships,target specificity for intervention,and quantification of psychological stress remain unresolved.This paper aims to provide theoretical support for NAFLD intervention strategies targeting inflammatory mediators,clarifying future research directions to advance clinical translation.
文摘With the shift in the definition of disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the rapid evolution of pathological classification and therapeutic targets,traditional clinical teaching models face challenges such as outdated guideline updates,disjointed translation of scientific research,and limited skill training.This study proposes a dynamic training model integrating“guidelines,clinical practice,and scientific research.”Through stratified case-based teaching(e.g.,FibroScan simulator and metabolic sand table),dynamic guideline analysis(comparing old and new evidence),and the integration of scientific thinking(visualization of CAND1 protein mechanism),a teaching system that integrates theory and practice is constructed.Innovatively developed smart assistant tools(AI decision support system,VR liver biopsy simulator)and a multi-dimensional evaluation system(deviation analysis of diagnosis and treatment pathways,milestone assessment)are used while emphasizing metabolic medicine integration(continuous glucose monitoring and digital therapy)and ethical privacy protection(federated learning framework).This model aims to cultivate students’evidence-based decision-making skills and scientific research transformation thinking through dynamic knowledge base construction and interdisciplinary collaboration,providing sustainable teaching solutions to cope with the rapid iteration of NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.
基金American Heart Association Award,No.24IVPHA1288417and FCT Fellowships,No.2022.13253.BDANA.
文摘The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)for modeling and treating metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and metabolic associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is emerging.MAFLD is a growing global health concern,currently with limited treatment options.While primary mesenchymal stem cells hold promise,iPSCs offer a versatile alternative due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types,including iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells.However,challenges remain,including optimizing differentiation protocols,ensuring cell safety,and addressing potential tumorigenicity risks.In addition,iPSCs offer the possibility to generate complex cellular models,including three-dimensional organoid models,which are closer representations of the human disease than animal models.Those models would also be valuable for drug discovery and personalized medicine approaches.Overall,iPSCs and their derivatives offer new perspectives for advancing MAFLD/MASH research and developing novel therapeutic strategies.Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and translate this potential into effective clinical applications.
文摘Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and acute pancreatitis severity.Intake of different fatty acids leads to different types of hyperlipidemias.Adipose degradation by pancreatic lipase generates different free fatty acids,which can exacerbate pancreatitis.Saturated fatty acids(SFAs)play an inflammatory role in human metabolic syndrome and obesity,whereas unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs)are“good fats”that are thought to enhance overall health status.However,it appears that serum UFAs correlate with severe acute pancreatitis.Additionally,the“obesity paradox”suggests that UFAs potentially minimize direct harm to the organ.This review provides an in-depth overview of the role of SFAs and UFAs in acute pancreatitis of hyperlipidemia and discusses potential prevention targets for severe acute pancreatitis.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82103356.
文摘BACKGROUND Improving our understanding of whether increased dietary intake ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)is beneficial for increasing skeletal muscle mass in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)could provide an important clinical evidence base for the development of relevant nutritional guidelines.AIM To investigate the effect of total dietaryω-3 PUFAs and their subtypes on skeletal muscle mass in MAFLD.METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 2316 participants from four National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles between 2011 and 2018.Dietary intake ofω-3 PUFAs was collected through 24-hour dietary recall interviews.Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)was calculated by dividing ASM in kilograms by height squared.RESULTS The multiple linear regression model showed significant relationships for dietary intake of totalω-3 PUFAs with higher ASMI(β:0.06,95%CI:0.01-0.11)in MAFLD patients.Dietary a-linolenic acid(ALA)(β:0.06,95%CI:0.01-0.12),docosapentaenoic acid(β:1.28,95%CI:0.01-2.54),and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)(β:0.19,95%CI:0.01-0.37)were significantly associated with higher ASMI,while intake of stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid did not improve ASMI.In patients with high probability of liver fibrosis,dietary intake of ALA was associated with higher ASMI(β:0.11,95%CI:0.03-0.18).Stratified analysis found that DHA was associated with higher ASMI in patients with obesity and higher metabolic risk.CONCLUSION Increasing dietary intake ofω-3 PUFAs improved skeletal muscle health in patients with MAFLD.Patient with obesity and higher metabolic risk were more likely to benefit from intake of DHA.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFF0713700 and No.2023YFF0713705Common Technology R&D Platform of Shaanxi Province,No.2023GXJS-01-1-2the Cyrus Tang Foundation Chung Ying Young Scholars Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.
文摘The recent study exploring the bidirectional associations between gallstone disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and kidney stone disease highlights a critical concern in chronic disease management.Given the rising global prevalence of these conditions,understanding their interconnections is essential.The study emphasizes the importance of shared risk factors,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,and oxidative stress,and calls for multidisciplinary screening strategies.This approach would improve patient outcomes and reduce the socio-economic burden.While the study contributes valuable insights from a Chinese population,further research across diverse populations is necessary to validate and extend these findings globally.Ultimately,the research underscores the need for integrated prevention programs to better manage these interconnected diseases and improve health outcomes.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1301200)China Agriculture Research Systems(CARS-40-K11)+2 种基金Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(BAIC06-2024-G05)Strategic Priority Research Program of the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NCTIP-XD/C08)The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(ASTIP-IAS-12)。
文摘Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,making it a potentially superior feed additive.However,the efficacy,mechanistic differences,and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance,egg quality,and fatty liver disease in laying hens.Results A total of 1,44061-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg of CA,and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA(CON,CA25,CA50,CA100,CA200,CGA100,CGA200 and CGA400,respectively)for 12 weeks.Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality,while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation.CA and CGA significantly decreased TG,TC,and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes(ACLY,ACACA,FASN,and SCD1)and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes(FABPs,CD36,CPT1A,ACOX1,and SCP2).Of note,low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions.Mechanistically,CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαsignaling pathway.Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance,egg quality,and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens,with CA potentially being more economical and efficient.Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100.These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens,and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA(including the isomer of CGA)into CA,thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA.Highlights(1)Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver,laying performance and egg quality.(2)Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200.(3)CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαpathway to alleviate fatty liver.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金Supported by Romanian Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,No.PN23.16.02.04 and No.31PFE/30.12.2021.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11%in the United States.As for other types of tumors,such as colorectal cancer,aberrant de novo lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism have been suggested to be associated with PDAC development and progression.AIM To identify the possible involvement of lipid metabolism in PDAC by analyzing in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues the expression level of the most relevant genes involved in the long-chain fatty acid(FA)import into cell.METHODS A gene expression analysis of FASN,CD36,SLC27A1,SLC27A2,SLC27A3,SLC27A4,SLC27A5,ACSL1,and ACSL3 was performed by qRT-PCR in 24 tumoral PDAC tissues and 11 samples from non-tumoral pancreatic tissues obtained via fine needle aspiration or via surgical resection.The genes were considered significantly dysregulated between the groups when the p value was<0.05 and the fold change(FC)was≤0.5 and≥2.RESULTS We found that three FA transporters and two long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases genes were significantly upregulated in the PDAC tissue compared to the non-tumoral tissue:SLC27A2(FC=5.66;P=0.033),SLC27A3(FC=2.68;P=0.040),SLC27A4(FC=3.13;P=0.033),ACSL1(FC=4.10;P<0.001),and ACSL3(FC=2.67;P=0.012).We further investigated any possible association between the levels of the analyzed mRNAs and the specific characteristics of the tumors,including the anatomic location,the lymph node involvement,and the presence of metastasis.A significant difference in the expression of SLC27A3(FC=3.28;P=0.040)was found comparing patients with and without lymph nodes involvement with an overexpression of this transcript in 17 patients presenting tumoral cells in the lymph nodes.CONCLUSION Despite the low number of patients analyzed,these preliminary results seem to be promising.Addressing lipid metabolism through a broad strategy could be a beneficial way to treat this malignancy.Future in vitro and in vivo studies on these genes may offer important insights into the mechanisms linking PDAC with the long-chain FA import pathway.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geographical origins. The identification and quantification of fatty acids and the polyphenolic profile were carried out by GC-MS and HPLC-UV, respectively. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters allowed the identification and quantification of 18 fatty acids. Oils from unwashed seeds were richer in palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0) acids. In addition, HPLC-UV analysis at 279 nm shows that oils from unwashed seeds are richer in tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. With regard to the polyphenolic profile, gallic acid and quercetin were not detected in these baobab oils. Principal component analysis of fatty acid and phenolic compound content showed that oils from unwashed seeds would best preserve their chemical and associated potential bioactive characteristics.
基金supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang,China(No.LY22C190001)the Ningbo Science and Technology Research Projects,China(No.2019B10006)the earmarked fund for CARS-49,and the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program(No.2022S161).
文摘Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is a dietary microalga renowned for its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).However,research on the genes essential for PUFA synthesis in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is limited.This study successfully isolated twoΔ9 fatty acid desaturase genes,IZ-delta9-1 and IZ-delta9-2,from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,which are classified as acyl-lipid desaturases based on phylogenetic analysis.When heterologously expressed in yeast,both genes were confirmed to catalyze the conversion of C16:0 and C18:0 into C16:1 and C18:1,respectively.Furthermore,the impacts of environmental factors on algal growth,fatty acid composition,and transcription levels were explored.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the fatty acid profiles of I.zhanjiangensis were evaluated.The findings showed that under low temperature(LT)and low nitrogen(LN)conditions,the saturated fatty acids(SFAs)content decreased,and the monounsaturated(MUFAs)and unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs)contents increased.Changes in salinity had a minimal impact on the fatty acid composition.The qPCR analysis revealed that high temperature(HT)and high salt(HS)increased the transcription of IZ-delta9-1,while low nitrogen(LN)and high nitrogen(HN)decreased it.Unlike IZ-delta9-1,the transcription of IZ-delta9-2 significantly increased under both low and high temperature treatments,especially in LT groups.Moreover,compared to the control,the transcription levels of IZ-delta9-1 decreased under improper salinity and nitrogen concentrations.This study is helpful for understanding the fatty acid synthesis pathway in I.zhanjiangensis.
基金funded by the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang(No.2021C02069-6)the Earmarked Fund(No.CARS-48)K.C.Wong Magana Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘This study examined four species of Scylla genus(S.paramamosain,S.olivacea,S.serrata,and S.tranquebarica)morphologically and molecularly.Morphologically,distinct frontal lobe spine shapes and colorations were observed.Using HRM genotyping with CSN9 primers,we identified clear species-specific melting curve distinctions.The Tm values of S.serrata,S.paramamosain,S.tranquebarica and S.olivacea are 79.55℃,80.12℃,78.12℃ and 82.04℃,respectively.Sequencing data validated these results,revealing 28 SNPs and 9 haplotypes.Amino acid analysis showed arginine dominance in S.paramamosain,which was 40.64 mg g^(-1),and a TFAA range of 135.70-149.65 mg g^(-1).A total of 26 fatty acids were identified,while S.paramamosain showed the highest concentration(P<0.05).EPA was a major component(16.17%-23.26%),while S.paramamosain exhibited the highest levels.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis highlighted distinct species groupings based on amino acid and fatty acid profiles.These findings provide comprehensive insights into Scylla species'morphological,molecular,and biochemical diversities.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China,No.2023ZD0508700National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81470859and Program of Taizhou Science and Technology Grant,No.24ywb33.
文摘This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifest-ations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The incidence of NAFLD has been increased dramatically and become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.In addition to its adverse outcomes of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma,and related complications,NAFLD has recently been found to be associated with the high-risk extrahepatic carcinomas,such as various types of lung cancer(i.e.,lung adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,and small cell lung cancer).The presence of hepatic steatosis also predisposes lung cancer to liver metastasis,but has better response to immune checkpoint inhibi-tors.Whether other factors(i.e.,gender,smoking,etc.)are associated with NAFLD and lung cancer remains controversial.We also comment on the reciprocal rela-tionships between NAFLD and components of metabolic syndrome.Most meta-bolic syndrome components are suggested to facilitate lung cancer development via activating insulin/insulin-like growth factor axis.In addition,suppressed anti-tumor immunity and accelerated tumor progression could be attributed to the cell-specific metabolic reprogramming in condition of high-fat diet and related obesity.These findings may reveal the role of NAFLD in pulmonary carcinoma and help develop new treatment strategies for this disease.
基金Supported by the National and Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-construction Project,No.GZYZJ-KJ-24080the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2024XY228.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and is closely associated with oxidative stress.Increasing clinical evidence indicates that MAFLD is linked to bone metabolic disorders,including osteoporosis.Recent studies indicate that the expression profiles of liver circular RNAs(circRNAs)are altered in MAFLD.However,the effects of these changes on bone metabolism remain poorly understood.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of differently expressed circRNAs secreted by the liver on osteogenic differentiation in MAFLD.METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify highly expressed circRNAs in the liver,validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and localized using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).A mouse model induced by a high-fat diet was used to simulate MAFLD.RESULTS CircSOD2 was significantly upregulated in liver tissues and primary hepatocytes from subjects with MAFLD.CircSOD2 was induced by oxidative stress and attenuated by antioxidants in the mouse model.In addition,circSOD2 was delivered from hepatocytes to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Furthermore,circSOD2 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in vivo bone formation by sponging miR-29b.Moreover,miR-29b inhibition reversed the stimulatory effect of circSOD2 silencing on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in vivo bone formation.Mechanistically,the interaction between circSOD2 and miR-29b confirmed through a luciferase reporter assay and the co-localization in the cytoplasm evidenced by FISH indicated that circSOD2 acted as a sponge for miR-29b.CONCLUSION This study provides a novel mechanism underlying the liver-bone crosstalk,demonstrating that circSOD2 upregulation in hepatocytes,induced by oxidative stress,inhibits osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by sponging miR-29b.These findings offer a better understanding of the relationship between MAFLD and osteoporosis.
基金supported by Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center(2022QNLM030003-1)Taishan Scholars Program(tstp20240812)+3 种基金Youth Innovation Team Program of Universities in Shandong Province(2023KJ040)Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing&Safety Control(SKL202412)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763107)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241617)。
文摘Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)is capable of synthesizing eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in vivo,but the conversion rate is hard to meet the body's need for rapid DHA supplementation.Studies have shown that fucoxanthin can increase DHA content in the liver of mice,but the mechanism is not clear.Moreover,the effect of fucoxanthin and its metabolite fucoxanthinol on the chain lengthening reaction of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)is little studied.In this study,the effects of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol on the chain elongation of n-3 and n-6 series PUFAs were investigated in mice.Results showed that fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol significantly increased the conversion of n-3 series ALA to DHA and n-6 series linolenic acid(LA)to arachidonic acid(AA)in the serum,liver,small intestine,and heart of mice.In addition,fucoxanthin accelerated the rate of DHA supplementation by ALA in the brain.Further mechanistic studies revealed that the role of fucoxanthin in promoting PUFAs conversion was not regulated at transcriptional level,but by increasing the activity of fatty acid desaturase 2(FADS2),a key enzyme of chain elongation reaction of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs.This study fundamentally provided theoretical bases for a new strategy of dietary supplementation of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs.
