Set against the cultural and historical backdrop of 18th-century Venice,Giulia Elisabetta Lama’s(1681-1747)remarkable paintings reveal intriguing connections to mythology and science.Lama’s notable depiction of Satu...Set against the cultural and historical backdrop of 18th-century Venice,Giulia Elisabetta Lama’s(1681-1747)remarkable paintings reveal intriguing connections to mythology and science.Lama’s notable depiction of Saturn Devouring His Child,painted in oils in 1729 and now in a private collection,draws significant attention.展开更多
In the early 18th century,to meet Europe's urgent demand for Jingdezhen's ceramic production techniques,French Jesuit missionary François Xavier d'Entrecolles traveled to Jingdezhen,Jiangxi.While cond...In the early 18th century,to meet Europe's urgent demand for Jingdezhen's ceramic production techniques,French Jesuit missionary François Xavier d'Entrecolles traveled to Jingdezhen,Jiangxi.While conducting missionary work,he thoroughly investigated local porcelain-making techniques.He compiled his findings into two lengthy letters and sent samples of porcelain raw materials to Europe,successfully disseminating Jingdezhen's ceramic artistry to the continent.D'Entrecolles skillfully integrated the protective function of his religious identity,the resource coordination capabilities of political networks,the documentation methods of empirical science,and a localized infiltration strategy,constructing a four-dimensional investigative framework of"missionary integration-observation and interviews-literature review-experimental verification"through Broussonetia papyrifera.These systematic research methods enabled him to comprehensively master Jingdezhen's porcelain technology at the time,establishing him as the pioneer of Western systematic studies on Chinese ceramics and creating a new paradigm of"field research+scientific empiricism"in early cross-cultural technological transmission.展开更多
Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influen...Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, as well as the perceptions of fathers, in the Boulmiougou health district. Method: This cross-sectional mixed study was conducted between May and July 2022, involving 471 mothers and 103 fathers of children under one year of age. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Results: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 44.6% of mothers surveyed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers older than 26 years have a significantly higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted OR = 1.7;95% CI: (1.098 - 2.685);p = 0.019] compared to mothers under 26 years of age. Similarly, mothers with at least three antenatal visits were 2.715 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding than those with less than three antenatal visits [adjusted OR = 2.715, 95% CI: (1.184 - 6.225);p = 0.018]. The vast majority of fathers (76.7%) were informed about exclusive breastfeeding, and 59.5% had a correct definition. The analysis of the father’s perception highlighted a stronger focus on traditional practices in 90.3% of cases than on medical recommendations. Conclusion: In light of these results, it is essential to increase sessions to raise awareness and involve men throughout pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood monitoring about the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.展开更多
Background:Father absence has long been a popular issue in psychology due to its influence on adolescent well-being and development.Empirical studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of father absence,such as...Background:Father absence has long been a popular issue in psychology due to its influence on adolescent well-being and development.Empirical studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of father absence,such as disruptions in prosocial qualities like gratitude and forgiveness.However,the mediating factor between them remains unclear.Hence,this study aims to explore the mediating role of resilience in the influence of father absence on gratitude and forgiveness.Methods:1951 participants completed the Revision of the Father Absence Questionnaire,the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale,the Gratitude Questionnaire–6 and the Tendency to Forgive Scale.Harman single factor test was conducted followed by confirmatory factor analysis to assess the data for potential common method deviation.Results:The results showed that:Father absence was negatively associated with gratitude and forgiveness.Moreover,we found that resilience mediated between father absence and gratitude and forgiveness.Conclusion:The findings demonstrate that the undesirable effects of father absence on prosocial qualities may be ameliorated by intervening in the mediating factor among them.In other words,improving the resilience of individuals with paternity deficiency may help improve their gratitude and forgiveness,which is of great significance for the intervention of prosocial quality in individuals with paternity deficiency.展开更多
本文重点探讨《中国翻译》1994、1995年讨论中尚未解决的问题:"It is a good horse that never stumbles"句和"It is a wise father that knows his own child"句的同一性问题,我们从语义推导的角度证明二者不具有...本文重点探讨《中国翻译》1994、1995年讨论中尚未解决的问题:"It is a good horse that never stumbles"句和"It is a wise father that knows his own child"句的同一性问题,我们从语义推导的角度证明二者不具有同一性,前者的翻译不适用于后者。展开更多
AIM To explore the birth experiences of teenage fathers and determine the extent to which they are prepared for childbirth.METHODS A mixed methods observational study was undertaken comparing the birth experience of 5...AIM To explore the birth experiences of teenage fathers and determine the extent to which they are prepared for childbirth.METHODS A mixed methods observational study was undertaken comparing the birth experience of 50 fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy(teenage) compared to a group of 50 older fathers. Fathers were recruited in the antenatal period and completed structured questionnaires following the birth of their child. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was undertaken.RESULTS Teenage fathers were younger, less educated and less likely to attend prenatal childbirth education classes(P < 0.0001). During birth, they were less prepared and consulted by attending staff(both P < 0.05). They reported limited roles in intrapartum decision-making(< 20%). In multivariate analysis being a father in the setting of teenage pregnancy remained significantly associated with feeling unprepared for birth. The major themes in qualitative analysis were feeling unprepared,shock, fear, a sense of detachment, happiness, pride, love of the baby and satisfaction with fertility.CONCLUSION Teenage fathers are less prepared for the birth of their child and this results in shock, fear and detachment that may impact on the early father-infant relationship.展开更多
While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study ...While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study examines a specific group of children – young apprentices in medeival England – in order to reconstruct how fatherless sons learned the concept of masculinity. To further the question – did the separation of their natal fathers during their youth made boys less masculine？ By examining the indentures, court records and various administrative records, this study demonstrates that, apprentices went through more masculine relationships than the children grew up with their fathers’ prescence, because masters wielded he supreme power which made them de facto “surrogate fathers”. This study also manisfests that apprenticeship was the extension of fatherhood, because it led apprentices to experience absolute subordination to their masters, reducing them to the position of “full-dependence” in their social communities.展开更多
Once there lived a very old peasant in a village. His name was Jack.He had a horse.It was almost as old as him. One day he set off with his young son to sell the horse before it died.They walked because the father did...Once there lived a very old peasant in a village. His name was Jack.He had a horse.It was almost as old as him. One day he set off with his young son to sell the horse before it died.They walked because the father did not want the horse to be too tired. They met two neighbours (邻居)on their way.The neighbours said, "Hello,why are展开更多
This study aims to investigate on Malaysian young adults’ perceived father and mother involvement. A questionnaire survey with Father Involvement Scale, and Mother Involvement Scale was carried out on 100 male and 10...This study aims to investigate on Malaysian young adults’ perceived father and mother involvement. A questionnaire survey with Father Involvement Scale, and Mother Involvement Scale was carried out on 100 male and 100 female local university and college student aged 18 and 25 years old. The findings show that mothers engaged more in expressive and mentoring/advising involvement as compared to fathers. However, there is no difference between fathers and mothers in instrumental involvement. This study gives us a better understanding on the pattern of parental involvement in Malaysia and hence helps to promote better parent-child relationship.展开更多
There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during ...There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during social interactions with con- specifics. A relatively unexplored but potentially important axis of variation is parental behavior. In sticklebacks, fathers provide all of the parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore paternal care is directly tied to fitness. In this study, we assessed whether individual male sticklebacks differ consistently from each other in parental behavior. We recorded visits to nest, total time fanning, and activity levels of 11 individual males every day throughout one clutch, and then allowed the males to breed again. Half of the males were exposed to predation risk while parenting during the first clutch, and the other half of the males ex- perienced predation risk during the second clutch. We detected dranlatic temporal changes in parental behaviors over the course of the clutch： for example, total time fanning increased six-fold prior to eggs hatching, then decreased to approximately zero. De- spite these temporal changes, males retained their individually-distinctive parenting styles within a clutch that could not be ex- plained by differences in body size or egg mass. Moreover, individual differences in parenting were maintained when males re- produced for a second time. Males that were exposed to simulated predation risk briefly decreased fanning and increased activity levels. Altogether, these results show that individual sticklebacks consistently differ from each other in how they behave as parents [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 45-52, 2012].展开更多
The Approaches to Learning addresses how children learn-this includes children’s attitudes and interests in learning.This domain reflects behaviours and attitudes such as curiosity,problem-solving,maintaining attenti...The Approaches to Learning addresses how children learn-this includes children’s attitudes and interests in learning.This domain reflects behaviours and attitudes such as curiosity,problem-solving,maintaining attention and persistence.The research study focused on examining the fathers’parenting practices and the children’s approaches to learning from three through five years.The study used a cross sectional research design and data was generated using focal group discussions,interview guides and child behaviour rating scale on how fathers’parenting practices contribute to children’s approaches to learning.Results revealed that,Fathers’parenting practices and Children’s curiosity were found to have a very positive relationship(r=0.396,p<0.05).Fathers’parenting practices and children’s learning were found to have a significant positive relationship(r=0.420,p<0.05).Findings also indicated that fathers’parenting practices and children’s creativity were found to have an average positive relationship(r=0.379,p<0.05).Arising out of the findings,the study recommended that fathers’parenting programs be put in place to help them up bring the child in holistic manner.展开更多
授课对象：新高二学生指导老师：宋德龙（江苏省常州市教育科学研究院高中英语教研员）范丽君（江苏省常州高级中学教研组副组长）一、教学分析与整体设计思路（一）教学内容本课教学内容为A father and a son,课型是阅读课。文章讲述...授课对象：新高二学生指导老师：宋德龙（江苏省常州市教育科学研究院高中英语教研员）范丽君（江苏省常州高级中学教研组副组长）一、教学分析与整体设计思路（一）教学内容本课教学内容为A father and a son,课型是阅读课。文章讲述了作者在机场看见一位父亲在星期六早上陪伴儿子乘坐机场免费穿梭火车。展开更多
The prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are nonspecific and include social withdrawal, sleeplessness, decreased desire, and loss of concentration. Schizophrenia outcomes might be improved if greater therapeutic effort...The prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are nonspecific and include social withdrawal, sleeplessness, decreased desire, and loss of concentration. Schizophrenia outcomes might be improved if greater therapeutic effort was focused on people with prodromal symptoms. To hasten help-seeking for schizophrenia, we developed a schizophrenia education program for families of patients. Help-seeking and schizophrenia attitudes and knowledge were analyzed among Japanese parents (666 fathers and 613 mothers) of high school students by using the Social Distance Scale-Japanese version, the Link Devaluation-Discrimination Measure and our own questions on help-seeking and schizophrenia knowledge. Statistical analysis included cross-tabulation, the χ2 test, and multiple regression analysis. Most (97.5%) fathers were aged 40 - 59 years;most (78.3%) mothers were aged 40 - 49 years. There was a significant difference between fathers and mothers in basic knowledge of schizophrenia (P < 0.001);however, fathers and mothers did not significantly differ in their attitudes toward schizophrenia (P > 0.05). When asked what treatment they would seek for a child with sleeplessness or social withdrawal, fathers and mothers significantly differed in seeking help medical care at a department of psychosomatic medicine (P < 0.05) and in seeking help from the nurse at their child’s school (P < 0.001). Fathers and mothers also differed in relation to the decision not to seek help (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that basic knowledge significantly differed between fathers and mothers (P = 0.001). In an analysis of parental response to a child with sleepiness and social withdrawal, multiple regression analysis revealed that fathers and mothers significantly differed in the likelihood of seeking help at a department of psychosomatic medicine and from a school nurse and in the likelihood of not seeking help (P < 0.05, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, help-seeking behavior differed between Japanese fathers and mothers. These findings should assist in developing schizophrenia education programs that aim to hasten intervention.展开更多
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the kind of labor support Arab fathers could offer their wives. Design and Method: An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to reveal the meaning attributed by Arab...Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the kind of labor support Arab fathers could offer their wives. Design and Method: An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to reveal the meaning attributed by Arabic fathers regarding their support during labor. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Arabic fathers. The analysis was done by using Smith’s model of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) together with software package NVivo7. Findings: The analysis of the interviews illustrated the types of labor support offered by Arabic fathers to their wives. Three main themes emerged from the data: physical support, emotional support, and spiritual support. Conclusion: The support offered by Arabic fathers was in the minimal degree and missing practical support. Socio cultural issues and health policies prevented fathers from playing an active role during labor. There is a need to develop policies and regulations that enhance more inclusion of fathers in maternity services including the labor room.展开更多
文摘Set against the cultural and historical backdrop of 18th-century Venice,Giulia Elisabetta Lama’s(1681-1747)remarkable paintings reveal intriguing connections to mythology and science.Lama’s notable depiction of Saturn Devouring His Child,painted in oils in 1729 and now in a private collection,draws significant attention.
文摘In the early 18th century,to meet Europe's urgent demand for Jingdezhen's ceramic production techniques,French Jesuit missionary François Xavier d'Entrecolles traveled to Jingdezhen,Jiangxi.While conducting missionary work,he thoroughly investigated local porcelain-making techniques.He compiled his findings into two lengthy letters and sent samples of porcelain raw materials to Europe,successfully disseminating Jingdezhen's ceramic artistry to the continent.D'Entrecolles skillfully integrated the protective function of his religious identity,the resource coordination capabilities of political networks,the documentation methods of empirical science,and a localized infiltration strategy,constructing a four-dimensional investigative framework of"missionary integration-observation and interviews-literature review-experimental verification"through Broussonetia papyrifera.These systematic research methods enabled him to comprehensively master Jingdezhen's porcelain technology at the time,establishing him as the pioneer of Western systematic studies on Chinese ceramics and creating a new paradigm of"field research+scientific empiricism"in early cross-cultural technological transmission.
文摘Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, as well as the perceptions of fathers, in the Boulmiougou health district. Method: This cross-sectional mixed study was conducted between May and July 2022, involving 471 mothers and 103 fathers of children under one year of age. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Results: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 44.6% of mothers surveyed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers older than 26 years have a significantly higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted OR = 1.7;95% CI: (1.098 - 2.685);p = 0.019] compared to mothers under 26 years of age. Similarly, mothers with at least three antenatal visits were 2.715 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding than those with less than three antenatal visits [adjusted OR = 2.715, 95% CI: (1.184 - 6.225);p = 0.018]. The vast majority of fathers (76.7%) were informed about exclusive breastfeeding, and 59.5% had a correct definition. The analysis of the father’s perception highlighted a stronger focus on traditional practices in 90.3% of cases than on medical recommendations. Conclusion: In light of these results, it is essential to increase sessions to raise awareness and involve men throughout pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood monitoring about the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
基金supported by grants from the project The Study on the Impact of Father Love Absence on the Development of Adolescent Moral Sensitivity and Countermeasures(23BSH144).
文摘Background:Father absence has long been a popular issue in psychology due to its influence on adolescent well-being and development.Empirical studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of father absence,such as disruptions in prosocial qualities like gratitude and forgiveness.However,the mediating factor between them remains unclear.Hence,this study aims to explore the mediating role of resilience in the influence of father absence on gratitude and forgiveness.Methods:1951 participants completed the Revision of the Father Absence Questionnaire,the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale,the Gratitude Questionnaire–6 and the Tendency to Forgive Scale.Harman single factor test was conducted followed by confirmatory factor analysis to assess the data for potential common method deviation.Results:The results showed that:Father absence was negatively associated with gratitude and forgiveness.Moreover,we found that resilience mediated between father absence and gratitude and forgiveness.Conclusion:The findings demonstrate that the undesirable effects of father absence on prosocial qualities may be ameliorated by intervening in the mediating factor among them.In other words,improving the resilience of individuals with paternity deficiency may help improve their gratitude and forgiveness,which is of great significance for the intervention of prosocial quality in individuals with paternity deficiency.
文摘本文重点探讨《中国翻译》1994、1995年讨论中尚未解决的问题:"It is a good horse that never stumbles"句和"It is a wise father that knows his own child"句的同一性问题,我们从语义推导的角度证明二者不具有同一性,前者的翻译不适用于后者。
文摘AIM To explore the birth experiences of teenage fathers and determine the extent to which they are prepared for childbirth.METHODS A mixed methods observational study was undertaken comparing the birth experience of 50 fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy(teenage) compared to a group of 50 older fathers. Fathers were recruited in the antenatal period and completed structured questionnaires following the birth of their child. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was undertaken.RESULTS Teenage fathers were younger, less educated and less likely to attend prenatal childbirth education classes(P < 0.0001). During birth, they were less prepared and consulted by attending staff(both P < 0.05). They reported limited roles in intrapartum decision-making(< 20%). In multivariate analysis being a father in the setting of teenage pregnancy remained significantly associated with feeling unprepared for birth. The major themes in qualitative analysis were feeling unprepared,shock, fear, a sense of detachment, happiness, pride, love of the baby and satisfaction with fertility.CONCLUSION Teenage fathers are less prepared for the birth of their child and this results in shock, fear and detachment that may impact on the early father-infant relationship.
文摘While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study examines a specific group of children – young apprentices in medeival England – in order to reconstruct how fatherless sons learned the concept of masculinity. To further the question – did the separation of their natal fathers during their youth made boys less masculine？ By examining the indentures, court records and various administrative records, this study demonstrates that, apprentices went through more masculine relationships than the children grew up with their fathers’ prescence, because masters wielded he supreme power which made them de facto “surrogate fathers”. This study also manisfests that apprenticeship was the extension of fatherhood, because it led apprentices to experience absolute subordination to their masters, reducing them to the position of “full-dependence” in their social communities.
文摘Once there lived a very old peasant in a village. His name was Jack.He had a horse.It was almost as old as him. One day he set off with his young son to sell the horse before it died.They walked because the father did not want the horse to be too tired. They met two neighbours (邻居)on their way.The neighbours said, "Hello,why are
文摘This study aims to investigate on Malaysian young adults’ perceived father and mother involvement. A questionnaire survey with Father Involvement Scale, and Mother Involvement Scale was carried out on 100 male and 100 female local university and college student aged 18 and 25 years old. The findings show that mothers engaged more in expressive and mentoring/advising involvement as compared to fathers. However, there is no difference between fathers and mothers in instrumental involvement. This study gives us a better understanding on the pattern of parental involvement in Malaysia and hence helps to promote better parent-child relationship.
文摘There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during social interactions with con- specifics. A relatively unexplored but potentially important axis of variation is parental behavior. In sticklebacks, fathers provide all of the parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore paternal care is directly tied to fitness. In this study, we assessed whether individual male sticklebacks differ consistently from each other in parental behavior. We recorded visits to nest, total time fanning, and activity levels of 11 individual males every day throughout one clutch, and then allowed the males to breed again. Half of the males were exposed to predation risk while parenting during the first clutch, and the other half of the males ex- perienced predation risk during the second clutch. We detected dranlatic temporal changes in parental behaviors over the course of the clutch： for example, total time fanning increased six-fold prior to eggs hatching, then decreased to approximately zero. De- spite these temporal changes, males retained their individually-distinctive parenting styles within a clutch that could not be ex- plained by differences in body size or egg mass. Moreover, individual differences in parenting were maintained when males re- produced for a second time. Males that were exposed to simulated predation risk briefly decreased fanning and increased activity levels. Altogether, these results show that individual sticklebacks consistently differ from each other in how they behave as parents [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 45-52, 2012].
文摘The Approaches to Learning addresses how children learn-this includes children’s attitudes and interests in learning.This domain reflects behaviours and attitudes such as curiosity,problem-solving,maintaining attention and persistence.The research study focused on examining the fathers’parenting practices and the children’s approaches to learning from three through five years.The study used a cross sectional research design and data was generated using focal group discussions,interview guides and child behaviour rating scale on how fathers’parenting practices contribute to children’s approaches to learning.Results revealed that,Fathers’parenting practices and Children’s curiosity were found to have a very positive relationship(r=0.396,p<0.05).Fathers’parenting practices and children’s learning were found to have a significant positive relationship(r=0.420,p<0.05).Findings also indicated that fathers’parenting practices and children’s creativity were found to have an average positive relationship(r=0.379,p<0.05).Arising out of the findings,the study recommended that fathers’parenting programs be put in place to help them up bring the child in holistic manner.
文摘授课对象：新高二学生指导老师：宋德龙（江苏省常州市教育科学研究院高中英语教研员）范丽君（江苏省常州高级中学教研组副组长）一、教学分析与整体设计思路（一）教学内容本课教学内容为A father and a son,课型是阅读课。文章讲述了作者在机场看见一位父亲在星期六早上陪伴儿子乘坐机场免费穿梭火车。
文摘The prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are nonspecific and include social withdrawal, sleeplessness, decreased desire, and loss of concentration. Schizophrenia outcomes might be improved if greater therapeutic effort was focused on people with prodromal symptoms. To hasten help-seeking for schizophrenia, we developed a schizophrenia education program for families of patients. Help-seeking and schizophrenia attitudes and knowledge were analyzed among Japanese parents (666 fathers and 613 mothers) of high school students by using the Social Distance Scale-Japanese version, the Link Devaluation-Discrimination Measure and our own questions on help-seeking and schizophrenia knowledge. Statistical analysis included cross-tabulation, the χ2 test, and multiple regression analysis. Most (97.5%) fathers were aged 40 - 59 years;most (78.3%) mothers were aged 40 - 49 years. There was a significant difference between fathers and mothers in basic knowledge of schizophrenia (P < 0.001);however, fathers and mothers did not significantly differ in their attitudes toward schizophrenia (P > 0.05). When asked what treatment they would seek for a child with sleeplessness or social withdrawal, fathers and mothers significantly differed in seeking help medical care at a department of psychosomatic medicine (P < 0.05) and in seeking help from the nurse at their child’s school (P < 0.001). Fathers and mothers also differed in relation to the decision not to seek help (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that basic knowledge significantly differed between fathers and mothers (P = 0.001). In an analysis of parental response to a child with sleepiness and social withdrawal, multiple regression analysis revealed that fathers and mothers significantly differed in the likelihood of seeking help at a department of psychosomatic medicine and from a school nurse and in the likelihood of not seeking help (P < 0.05, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, help-seeking behavior differed between Japanese fathers and mothers. These findings should assist in developing schizophrenia education programs that aim to hasten intervention.
文摘Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the kind of labor support Arab fathers could offer their wives. Design and Method: An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to reveal the meaning attributed by Arabic fathers regarding their support during labor. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Arabic fathers. The analysis was done by using Smith’s model of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) together with software package NVivo7. Findings: The analysis of the interviews illustrated the types of labor support offered by Arabic fathers to their wives. Three main themes emerged from the data: physical support, emotional support, and spiritual support. Conclusion: The support offered by Arabic fathers was in the minimal degree and missing practical support. Socio cultural issues and health policies prevented fathers from playing an active role during labor. There is a need to develop policies and regulations that enhance more inclusion of fathers in maternity services including the labor room.
