To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyze...To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by observing the temporal distribution of inflow passengers each hour and the spatial distribution concerning cross-section passenger flow.Secondly,the identification method of crowded passenger flow is proposed to calculate the threshold via the probability density function fitted by Matlab and classify the early-warning situation based on the threshold obtained.Finally,a case study of Xinjiekou station is conducted to prove the validity and practicability of the proposed method.Compared to the traditional methods,the proposed comprehensive method can remove defects such as efficiency and delay.Furthermore,the proposed method is suitable for other rail transit companies equipped with automatic fare collection systems.展开更多
The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit a...The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit assignment and improper transit resources distribution.In order to distribute transit passenger flow evenly and efficiently,this paper introduces a new distance-based fare pattern with Euclidean distance.A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal distance-based fare pattern,with the path-based stochastic transit assignment(STA)problem with elastic demand being proposed at the lower level.The upper-level intends to address a principal-agent game between transport authorities and transit enterprises pursing maximization of social welfare and financial interest,respectively.A genetic algorithm(GA)is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example to illustrate that the proposed nonlinear distance-based fare pattern presents a better financial performance and distribution effect than other fare structures.展开更多
A proposal to increase the subway fare in Beijing has commuters debating the merits of this move in a city choked with traffic and burgeoning public transport numbers.On June 19, 2011,Beijing Times reported that the c...A proposal to increase the subway fare in Beijing has commuters debating the merits of this move in a city choked with traffic and burgeoning public transport numbers.On June 19, 2011,Beijing Times reported that the city’s transport authority was mulling over instituting a policy of price differences between rush hour and off-peak hours.The proposal is aimed at spreading the mass of subway commuters during rush hours,展开更多
Amidst the ongoing debate surrounding algorithmic price discrimination,the regulation of price discrimination in the platform economy has once again emerged as a prominent topic of discussion in various spheres.The ce...Amidst the ongoing debate surrounding algorithmic price discrimination,the regulation of price discrimination in the platform economy has once again emerged as a prominent topic of discussion in various spheres.The central focus and challenge of this matter lies in understanding the welfare implications of price discrimination,specifically how it impacts firms,consumers,and society as a whole.By comparing discriminatory pricing with uniform pricing(without price discrimination),we can find the changing laws of firms’profit,consumer surplus,and social welfare.Based on the complete information static game,we derive the analytical expressions for the profit increment,the consumer surplus increment,and the social welfare increment through a mathematical model.The study focuses on the third-degree price discrimination in two consumer groups of m(any positive integer)firms.Additionally,we prove the characteristics of these increments,whether they are positive,negative,or zero.The research results show that algorithmic price discrimination is beneficial to firms but detrimental to consumers.Its impact on the whole society is conditional and depends on the sum of the marginal costs of the m firms.The study examines this issue through the lens of four core values:consumer rights,social welfare,fair value,and competition protection.Based on the experiences of developed countries,regulatory countermeasures are proposed to address this issue,focusing on protecting personal information and civil rights.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFE0206800)
文摘To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by observing the temporal distribution of inflow passengers each hour and the spatial distribution concerning cross-section passenger flow.Secondly,the identification method of crowded passenger flow is proposed to calculate the threshold via the probability density function fitted by Matlab and classify the early-warning situation based on the threshold obtained.Finally,a case study of Xinjiekou station is conducted to prove the validity and practicability of the proposed method.Compared to the traditional methods,the proposed comprehensive method can remove defects such as efficiency and delay.Furthermore,the proposed method is suitable for other rail transit companies equipped with automatic fare collection systems.
基金the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20YJCZH121).
文摘The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit assignment and improper transit resources distribution.In order to distribute transit passenger flow evenly and efficiently,this paper introduces a new distance-based fare pattern with Euclidean distance.A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal distance-based fare pattern,with the path-based stochastic transit assignment(STA)problem with elastic demand being proposed at the lower level.The upper-level intends to address a principal-agent game between transport authorities and transit enterprises pursing maximization of social welfare and financial interest,respectively.A genetic algorithm(GA)is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example to illustrate that the proposed nonlinear distance-based fare pattern presents a better financial performance and distribution effect than other fare structures.
文摘A proposal to increase the subway fare in Beijing has commuters debating the merits of this move in a city choked with traffic and burgeoning public transport numbers.On June 19, 2011,Beijing Times reported that the city’s transport authority was mulling over instituting a policy of price differences between rush hour and off-peak hours.The proposal is aimed at spreading the mass of subway commuters during rush hours,
文摘Amidst the ongoing debate surrounding algorithmic price discrimination,the regulation of price discrimination in the platform economy has once again emerged as a prominent topic of discussion in various spheres.The central focus and challenge of this matter lies in understanding the welfare implications of price discrimination,specifically how it impacts firms,consumers,and society as a whole.By comparing discriminatory pricing with uniform pricing(without price discrimination),we can find the changing laws of firms’profit,consumer surplus,and social welfare.Based on the complete information static game,we derive the analytical expressions for the profit increment,the consumer surplus increment,and the social welfare increment through a mathematical model.The study focuses on the third-degree price discrimination in two consumer groups of m(any positive integer)firms.Additionally,we prove the characteristics of these increments,whether they are positive,negative,or zero.The research results show that algorithmic price discrimination is beneficial to firms but detrimental to consumers.Its impact on the whole society is conditional and depends on the sum of the marginal costs of the m firms.The study examines this issue through the lens of four core values:consumer rights,social welfare,fair value,and competition protection.Based on the experiences of developed countries,regulatory countermeasures are proposed to address this issue,focusing on protecting personal information and civil rights.
