卵巢癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率位居妇科肿瘤之首。肿瘤免疫微环境由肿瘤微环境内的免疫成分组成,这些成分与肿瘤的发展和转移密切相关。卵巢癌是免疫“冷肿瘤”,因为它能产生免疫抑制性的肿瘤免疫微环境。由于卵...卵巢癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率位居妇科肿瘤之首。肿瘤免疫微环境由肿瘤微环境内的免疫成分组成,这些成分与肿瘤的发展和转移密切相关。卵巢癌是免疫“冷肿瘤”,因为它能产生免疫抑制性的肿瘤免疫微环境。由于卵巢癌肿瘤免疫微环境的特点,免疫治疗对卵巢癌的疗效有限。具有序列相似性111的家族成员B(family with sequence similarity 111 member B,FAM111B)蛋白的表达与多种肿瘤的发生发展以及肿瘤免疫微环境有关,也与卵巢癌组织中程序性死亡配体-1(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)的表达有关。该文就FAM111B对卵巢癌肿瘤免疫微环境影响的相关研究进展作一综述。展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism,which can be sporadic or a component of an inherited syndrome,is the most common cause of hypocalcemia.If hypocalcemia is accompanied by other electrolyte disturbances,such as hypokalemia...BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism,which can be sporadic or a component of an inherited syndrome,is the most common cause of hypocalcemia.If hypocalcemia is accompanied by other electrolyte disturbances,such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia,then the cause,such as renal tubular disease,should be carefully identified.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old female visited our clinic because of short stature and facial deformities,including typical phenotypes,such as low ear position,depression of the nasal bridge,small hands and feet,and loss of dentition.The lab results suggested normal parathyroid hormone but hypocalcemia.In addition,multiple electrolyte disturbances were found,including hypokalemia,hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.The physical signs showed a short fourth metatarsal bone of both feet.The X-ray images showed cortical thickening of long bones and narrowing of the medulla of the lumen.Cranial computed tomography indicated calcification in the bilateral basal ganglia.Finally,the genetic investigation showed a de novo heterogenous mutation of“FAM111A”(c.G1706A:p.R569H).Through a review of previously reported cases,the mutation was found to be the most common mutation site in Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2(KCS2)cases reported thus far(16/23,69.6%).The mutation was slightly more prevalent in females than in males(11/16,68.8%).Except for hypocalcemia,other clinical manifestations are heterogeneous.CONCLUSION As a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease of hypoparathyroidism,the clinical manifestations of KCS2 are atypical and diverse.This girl presented with short stature,facial deformities and skeletal deformities.The laboratory results revealed hypocalcemia as the main electrolyte disturbance.Even though her family members showed normal phenotypes,gene detection was performed to find the mutation of the FAM111A gene and confirmed the diagnosis of KCS2.展开更多
文摘卵巢癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率位居妇科肿瘤之首。肿瘤免疫微环境由肿瘤微环境内的免疫成分组成,这些成分与肿瘤的发展和转移密切相关。卵巢癌是免疫“冷肿瘤”,因为它能产生免疫抑制性的肿瘤免疫微环境。由于卵巢癌肿瘤免疫微环境的特点,免疫治疗对卵巢癌的疗效有限。具有序列相似性111的家族成员B(family with sequence similarity 111 member B,FAM111B)蛋白的表达与多种肿瘤的发生发展以及肿瘤免疫微环境有关,也与卵巢癌组织中程序性死亡配体-1(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)的表达有关。该文就FAM111B对卵巢癌肿瘤免疫微环境影响的相关研究进展作一综述。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82070817.
文摘BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism,which can be sporadic or a component of an inherited syndrome,is the most common cause of hypocalcemia.If hypocalcemia is accompanied by other electrolyte disturbances,such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia,then the cause,such as renal tubular disease,should be carefully identified.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old female visited our clinic because of short stature and facial deformities,including typical phenotypes,such as low ear position,depression of the nasal bridge,small hands and feet,and loss of dentition.The lab results suggested normal parathyroid hormone but hypocalcemia.In addition,multiple electrolyte disturbances were found,including hypokalemia,hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.The physical signs showed a short fourth metatarsal bone of both feet.The X-ray images showed cortical thickening of long bones and narrowing of the medulla of the lumen.Cranial computed tomography indicated calcification in the bilateral basal ganglia.Finally,the genetic investigation showed a de novo heterogenous mutation of“FAM111A”(c.G1706A:p.R569H).Through a review of previously reported cases,the mutation was found to be the most common mutation site in Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2(KCS2)cases reported thus far(16/23,69.6%).The mutation was slightly more prevalent in females than in males(11/16,68.8%).Except for hypocalcemia,other clinical manifestations are heterogeneous.CONCLUSION As a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease of hypoparathyroidism,the clinical manifestations of KCS2 are atypical and diverse.This girl presented with short stature,facial deformities and skeletal deformities.The laboratory results revealed hypocalcemia as the main electrolyte disturbance.Even though her family members showed normal phenotypes,gene detection was performed to find the mutation of the FAM111A gene and confirmed the diagnosis of KCS2.
