Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public se...Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public service facilities to natural disasters,and even less under the scenarios of multiple hazards.This study integrated big data of public service facilities into a multi-hazard exposure as-sessment of floods and earthquakes of China in 2021.Results show that public service facilities in China are disproportionally exposed to floods and earthquakes.Flood and seismic exposure reach 50.36%and 10.69%,which are 4.14 times and 1.05 times of the shares of the two hazard zones;in the overlapping zone 4.76%of the facilities are concentrated,5.17 times of the overlapping zone’s share.Par-ticularly,exposure of public service facilities is relatively high in Northwest China,where both the protection standards for floods and earthquakes are relatively weak.Furthermore,financial facilities contribute the most to flood exposure,while scientific and educational facilities contribute most to the overlapping exposure.We further propose location-specific optimization measures for different types of public service facilities.Our findings shed light on a comprehensive understanding and proper risk management of multi-hazard expos-ure of public service facilities.The incorporation of big data into multi-hazard exposure analysis of public service facilities can be exten-ded to various regions,thereby offering a valuable tool for informed management of natural disaster risk.展开更多
This year’s WSD draws attention to par tnerships for the SDGs.Therefore,China Association for Standardization(CAS)held the inauguration ceremony of the professional committee on smart elderly care facilities on Octob...This year’s WSD draws attention to par tnerships for the SDGs.Therefore,China Association for Standardization(CAS)held the inauguration ceremony of the professional committee on smart elderly care facilities on October 11 in Shenzhen.展开更多
Based on the CiteSpace visualization knowledge graph,this article conducts a visual analysis of the evolution of publication volume,distribution of national institutions,keyword clustering,and other related literature...Based on the CiteSpace visualization knowledge graph,this article conducts a visual analysis of the evolution of publication volume,distribution of national institutions,keyword clustering,and other related literature on aging friendly bathroom facilities in 502 Chinese and English articles,in order to analyze the research status,hotspots,and future research directions in this field.Through analysis,it was found that research in this field is showing an increasing trend,but there is still a need for relevant experts to actively engage in cross institutional,cross disciplinary,and cross national exchanges and cooperation.Emerging concepts such as smart homes and informatization have become new research hotspots.Moreover,research trend has shifted from macro level discussions to specific optimizations,and has shown characteristics of disciplinary integration and technology driven development.Overall,this study has identified the development direction for improving the level of technological application,emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary and international cooperation,and providing certain guidance for the construction of a research system for aging friendly bathroom facilities.展开更多
According to the operational characteristics of the logistics networks for the third party logistics supplier （3PLS）, the forward and reverse logistics networks together for 3PLS under the uncertain environment are ...According to the operational characteristics of the logistics networks for the third party logistics supplier （3PLS）, the forward and reverse logistics networks together for 3PLS under the uncertain environment are designed. First, a fuzzy model is proposed by taking multiple customers, multiple commodities, capacitated facility location and integrated logistics facility layout into account. In the model, the fuzzy customer demands and transportation rates are illustrated by triangular fuzzy numbers. Secondly, the fuzzy model is converted into a crisp model by applying fuzzy chance constrained theory and possibility theory, and one hybrid genetic algorithm is designed for the crisp model. Finally, two different examples are designed to illustrate that the model and solution discussed are valid.展开更多
Objectives:We systematically reviewed the rational use of medicines using the World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs(WHO/INRUD)core drug use indicators.We also assessed the impact of ...Objectives:We systematically reviewed the rational use of medicines using the World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs(WHO/INRUD)core drug use indicators.We also assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the National Drug Policy(NDP)2005 on the rational use of medicines.Methods:Searches were conducted in PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria.Assessment of the quality of studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for analytical studies.We reported and compared the median values of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators with standard thresholds.Data were presented with median,interquartile range(IQR),and percentages.MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess for statistical significance(P<0.05)across variables.Results:Thirty-one studies were included in the review,comprising 50,931 patient encounters across 268 health facilities.Within prescribing indicators,average number of medicines per patient encountered[3.4(IQR:3.0to 4.0)],percentage of medicines prescribed by generic[50.4%(IQR:47.4%to 65.0%)],percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed[40.2%(IQR:30.5%to 52.7%)],percentage of encounters with injection prescribed[18%(IQR:3.2%to 30.0%)]and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list[82.0%(IQR:66.4%to 89.3%)].The median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.04)and the median percentage of medicines prescribed by generics(P=0.03)increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Prescribing indicators were worse in primary and secondary health facilities,with significant differences in the median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.007)and injections(P=0.0002)across primary,secondary,and tertiary health facilities.There were improvements across all prescribing indicators after the implementation of NDP 2005.Conclusions:Core drug use indicators in Nigerian health facilities deviated from the WHO/INRUD thresholds,with noticeable improvement after the implementation of NDP 2005.More efforts are needed to improve rational drug use in Nigerian hospitals.展开更多
With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities la...With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities land in the process of development and growth. Based on the written survey of 597 agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province, the demand and demand gap of various facilities land use in agricultural machinery service organizations were analyzed and compared. In addition, based on the field survey and policy background, the main practices and experiences of agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province in the approval and use of facility land were sorted out, and the problems and causes of large gap in facility agricultural land, lack of standards and difficulty in policy implementation were analyzed. Finally, it recommended that the site selection of agricultural machinery service organization facilities needs to be standardized, the land demand needs to be coordinated, the land scale needs to be scientifically demonstrated, and financial support should be sought to promote Guizhou agricultural machinery service organization to become bigger, better and stronger.展开更多
In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Rese...In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility(CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant disciplines, both domestically and internationally,to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF.Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics—including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures;muon physics;neutrino physics;neutron physics;the testing of fundamental symmetries;and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators.We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.展开更多
This paper presents the technical parameters and features of 1 MWth test facilities for circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) at Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) of State Power Corporation (SP), introduce...This paper presents the technical parameters and features of 1 MWth test facilities for circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) at Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) of State Power Corporation (SP), introduces the test items that can be proceeded and trial combustion projects completed. The development status of CFBC technologies abroad and the level of China in this field are also introduced in the paper.展开更多
After analyzing the concept of urban social psychology and environmental psychology, the paper considers that the city is an object shared by thousands of people from different classes, nationalities and characters, a...After analyzing the concept of urban social psychology and environmental psychology, the paper considers that the city is an object shared by thousands of people from different classes, nationalities and characters, and streets and roads are the skeleton and venation of the city, serving for transport and as spaces. Then, it has proposed principles for road landscape design. Based on environmental facilities on streets, urban environmental psychology has been put forward because transport function has been highlighted while space function has been neglected in urban construction, so that facilities' design and construction can be considered from the perspective of human. Finally, some suggestions have been raised in view of problems in mechanism and management during the design and construction of domestic street facilities.展开更多
Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. T...Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to explore the dignity and related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities.Methods:Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 253 Chinese older adults dwelling in l...Objectives:This study aimed to explore the dignity and related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities.Methods:Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 253 Chinese older adults dwelling in long-term care facilities.Dignity among older adults was measured using the Dignity Scale,and its potential correlates were explored using multiple linear regressions.Results:Results showed that the total score of the Dignity Scale is 151.95±11.75.From high to low,the different factors of dignity among older adults in long-term care facilities were as follows:caring factors(4.83±0.33),social factors(4.73±0.41),psychological factors(4.66±0.71),value factors(4.56±0.53),autonomous factors(4.50±0.57),and physical factors(4.38±0.55).A higher score of the Dignity Scale was associated with higher economic status,fewer chronic diseases,less medication,better daily living ability and long-time lived in cities.Conclusion:Older adults with low economic status,more chronic diseases,and poor daily living ability,taking more medications,or the previous residence in rural areas seem to be most at low-level dignity in long-term care facilities and thus require more attention than their peers.展开更多
Much attention has been given to address public health policy in Saudi Arabia,particularly for the management,quality,and coverage issues.However,assessment of spatial patterns,distribution,and provision of public hea...Much attention has been given to address public health policy in Saudi Arabia,particularly for the management,quality,and coverage issues.However,assessment of spatial patterns,distribution,and provision of public health services has been neglected.This paper analyzes the availability and accessibility of public health facilities across Riyadh Governorate,Saudi Arabia at the subnational level.Spatial and attribute data of public health facilities potentially have been analyzed using GIS to produce accurate measure of accessibility.The spatial pattern of service distribution was examined using average nearest neighbor.Distances from demand points(populations)to providers(facilities)were calculated for each district using near analysis.In addition,the ratios of public health facility to population were calculated to identify underserved and overserved areas.The findings clearly indicate that the spatial pattern of the distribution of public health facilities was significantly clustered(p value<0.001)with Z-score of–10.9.Several districts within the central parts of the governorate were identified as having a higher density of facilities,while most of districts that are located in the marginal parts exhibit very low density of health facilities.Overall,there was a considerable variation in the average distance from district centroids to health facilities.Substantially,less than half of the population(45.4%)living in 61 districts has access to public health facility within less than 1-km distance.In contrast,the greatest increase in distances was observed for 6%of population living in 38 districts.People that live in such districts need to travel long distances for public health care.The output of this analysis can assist policy-makers and authorities of Riyadh Governorate in planning public health delivery.展开更多
As the pivotal test equipment of aero-engines design,finalization,improvement,modification,etc.,the Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF)plays an important role in the research and development of the aero-engines.With...As the pivotal test equipment of aero-engines design,finalization,improvement,modification,etc.,the Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF)plays an important role in the research and development of the aero-engines.With the rapid development of advanced high-performance aeroengine,the increasing demand of high-altitude simulation test is driving AGTF to improve its test ability and level of automation and intelligence.The modeling method,simulation tool,and control technology are the key factors to support the improvement of the AGTF control system.The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of modeling methods,simulation tools,and control technologies in AGTF control system for future research.First,it reviews the evolution of AGTF in the world,from the early formative stage to integration stage.Then,the mathematical modeling method of AGTF for control application is overviewed.Furthermore,the simulation tools used in the AGTF control system are overviewed from numerical simulation to hardware-in-loop simulation and further to semi-physical simulation.Meanwhile,the control technologies used in the AGTF control system are summarized from single-variable control to multivariable integrated control,and from classical control theory to modern control theory.Finally,recommendations for future research are outlined.Therefore,this review article provides extensive literature information for the modeling,simulation,and control design of AGTF for control application.展开更多
The overuse of injection exists more than 20 years since economic reform in China.It is a persistent problem and seems becoming a new challenge in the new health reform period.This study was designed to assess the eff...The overuse of injection exists more than 20 years since economic reform in China.It is a persistent problem and seems becoming a new challenge in the new health reform period.This study was designed to assess the effect of national essential medicines policy(NEMP) on injection use at primary health facilities in China by investigating their prescription information.Questionnaires were designed and disseminated to collect empirical data on injection use at 120 primary health facilities in 6 provinces from January to September in 2010 and 2011.The injection use was measured as the indicator as the percentage of prescriptions with one or more injections.The results showed that the percentage of prescriptions with one or more injections was decreased from 38.91% to 36.82%(2 =11.158,P=0.001) in the all survey areas during the NEMP reform.The difference in level of the injection use in 2011 was significant among the eastern,central and western regions(2 =223.584,P=0.000);level of the injection use in western region was the lowest(27.73%),while that in the central region was the highest(43.10%).The level of the injection use in 2011 among different provinces was also of great difference(26.00%-58.25%,range:32.25%).The level of the injection use in 2011 was still much higher than the standard suggested by WHO for developing countries(13.4%-24.1%).It was concluded that NEMP has improved injection use in China,but the injection abuse situation remains serious,indicating that one of the priorities to the next stage of NEMP is to promote the rational use of drugs,especially the injection use.展开更多
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-i...Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-increasing expansion of urban areas and population growth,there is a need to regularly examine the pattern of accessibility of basic amenities across regions,States and urban areas.This study examined geographic access to Primary Health Care Facilities(PHCF)in Nigeria using the combination of open data and geospatial analysis techniques.Thus,showcasing an approach can be replicated across different regions in Sub-Saharan Africa due to issues of information gap.Data on elevation,location of health care facilities,population and network data were utilised.The result shows that PHCF aggregate at certain locations,e.g.major urban agglomerations,and transit route leading to these places.High concentrations are found in the capital city.The average travel time to the nearest PHCF is about 14 min(Standard Deviation±13.30 min)while the maximum is about 2 hours.Pockets of low accessibility areas exist across the Akwa Ibom State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.There is an indication that most places have good geographic access.Across the 1787 settlements identified in our dataset,98.3%are with good access(<30 min),27 settlements are located in the poor access class(31–60 min),while two settlements are within the very poor access class(>60 min).Geographic access is not the main limiting factor to health care access in the region.Therefore,computation of access to health care should take into consideration other dimensions of accessibility,to create a robust measure which will support effective and efficient health care planning and delivery.展开更多
Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the pub...Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.展开更多
Health care facilities are a high-risk environment for generating and spreading respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis （TB）. The TB prevention and treatment staff in health care facilities are responsi...Health care facilities are a high-risk environment for generating and spreading respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis （TB）. The TB prevention and treatment staff in health care facilities are responsible for the identification, diagnosis, treatment, supervision, and management of TB patients .展开更多
Modeling of a centrifugal compressor is of great significance to surge characteristics and fluid dynamics in the Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF).Real-time Modular Dynamic System Greitzer(MDSG)modeling for dynami...Modeling of a centrifugal compressor is of great significance to surge characteristics and fluid dynamics in the Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF).Real-time Modular Dynamic System Greitzer(MDSG)modeling for dynamic response and simulation of the compression system is introduced.The centrifugal compressor,pipeline network,and valve are divided into pressure output type and mass flow output type for module modeling,and the two types of components alternate when the system is established.The pressure loss and thermodynamics of the system are considered.An air supply compression system of AGTF is modeled and simulated by the MDSG model.The simulation results of mass flow,pressure,and temperature are compared with the experimental results,and the error is less than 5%,which demonstrates the reliability,practicability,and universality of the MDSG model.展开更多
Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the...Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the radio-frequency signal is modulated in a continuous-wave laser carrier with frequency stabilization, and timing events are distributed in the same fiber. The phase drift is detected precisely, based on the principle of the Michelson interferometer. The phase drift is compensated with coarse and fine correctors afterward. We aim to realize the stable transmission of the RF signal and timing events for a long distance and duration, with the phase drift and additive jitter in femtoseconds. After the extension, the system will become a complete solution for the clock-and-trigger distribution of synchrotron radiation facilities, free-electron lasers, and other accelerators. The physics design, simulation analysis, and preliminary results are included in the paper.展开更多
As the city’s soft powef,culture is the basic core of urban competitiveness. The spatial concentration of cultufal facilities can show the development status of the dtfs cultural functions in the spatial ky...As the city’s soft powef,culture is the basic core of urban competitiveness. The spatial concentration of cultufal facilities can show the development status of the dtfs cultural functions in the spatial kyout. In this paper,POI data of Baidu Maps were used to conduct kernel density analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the spatial distribution of cultural facilities in Shenzhen; mean center point method was used to measure the degree of deviation between Shenzhen population centers and cultural facilities centers; the nearest distance method was used to measure the spatial distribution of cultural facilities space and the accessibility to geometdc centers of streets. The results showed that among the four types of cultural facilities in Shenzhen, librades were the most concentrated, accounting for 63% of the total number of cultural facilities, followed by cultxite and arts centers, museiims, and galleries; tiiere was a great disparity in the number of cultural facilities in various districts and subdistricts in Shenzhen, with a clear agglomeration effect in space; from the district level, cultural faculties spatially distributed from the southwest to the northeast by three gradients; from the street leviel, cultural facilities showed the distribution pattern of ^decreasing from west to eastf and a high d^tee of recognition for convenient transportation; the cultural facilities inside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone （except Yantdan District） were more reasonable in spatial distribution, and the number of people served was more than that of cultural Realities outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, while residents outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone enjoyed significantly more cultutal facilities than that inside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone; the goal of the e￡10-min cultutal dtdeJ, in Shenzhen had been initially completed, that is, residents could reach 72.41% of the streets with cultural facilities within a 10-min ／raJk, but thefe were still 50% districts and 5.1% streets that wefe equipped with, unreasonably distributed cultufal facilities or few cultufal facilities.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871200,4210010257)。
文摘Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public service facilities to natural disasters,and even less under the scenarios of multiple hazards.This study integrated big data of public service facilities into a multi-hazard exposure as-sessment of floods and earthquakes of China in 2021.Results show that public service facilities in China are disproportionally exposed to floods and earthquakes.Flood and seismic exposure reach 50.36%and 10.69%,which are 4.14 times and 1.05 times of the shares of the two hazard zones;in the overlapping zone 4.76%of the facilities are concentrated,5.17 times of the overlapping zone’s share.Par-ticularly,exposure of public service facilities is relatively high in Northwest China,where both the protection standards for floods and earthquakes are relatively weak.Furthermore,financial facilities contribute the most to flood exposure,while scientific and educational facilities contribute most to the overlapping exposure.We further propose location-specific optimization measures for different types of public service facilities.Our findings shed light on a comprehensive understanding and proper risk management of multi-hazard expos-ure of public service facilities.The incorporation of big data into multi-hazard exposure analysis of public service facilities can be exten-ded to various regions,thereby offering a valuable tool for informed management of natural disaster risk.
文摘This year’s WSD draws attention to par tnerships for the SDGs.Therefore,China Association for Standardization(CAS)held the inauguration ceremony of the professional committee on smart elderly care facilities on October 11 in Shenzhen.
文摘Based on the CiteSpace visualization knowledge graph,this article conducts a visual analysis of the evolution of publication volume,distribution of national institutions,keyword clustering,and other related literature on aging friendly bathroom facilities in 502 Chinese and English articles,in order to analyze the research status,hotspots,and future research directions in this field.Through analysis,it was found that research in this field is showing an increasing trend,but there is still a need for relevant experts to actively engage in cross institutional,cross disciplinary,and cross national exchanges and cooperation.Emerging concepts such as smart homes and informatization have become new research hotspots.Moreover,research trend has shifted from macro level discussions to specific optimizations,and has shown characteristics of disciplinary integration and technology driven development.Overall,this study has identified the development direction for improving the level of technological application,emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary and international cooperation,and providing certain guidance for the construction of a research system for aging friendly bathroom facilities.
文摘According to the operational characteristics of the logistics networks for the third party logistics supplier （3PLS）, the forward and reverse logistics networks together for 3PLS under the uncertain environment are designed. First, a fuzzy model is proposed by taking multiple customers, multiple commodities, capacitated facility location and integrated logistics facility layout into account. In the model, the fuzzy customer demands and transportation rates are illustrated by triangular fuzzy numbers. Secondly, the fuzzy model is converted into a crisp model by applying fuzzy chance constrained theory and possibility theory, and one hybrid genetic algorithm is designed for the crisp model. Finally, two different examples are designed to illustrate that the model and solution discussed are valid.
文摘Objectives:We systematically reviewed the rational use of medicines using the World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs(WHO/INRUD)core drug use indicators.We also assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the National Drug Policy(NDP)2005 on the rational use of medicines.Methods:Searches were conducted in PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria.Assessment of the quality of studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for analytical studies.We reported and compared the median values of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators with standard thresholds.Data were presented with median,interquartile range(IQR),and percentages.MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess for statistical significance(P<0.05)across variables.Results:Thirty-one studies were included in the review,comprising 50,931 patient encounters across 268 health facilities.Within prescribing indicators,average number of medicines per patient encountered[3.4(IQR:3.0to 4.0)],percentage of medicines prescribed by generic[50.4%(IQR:47.4%to 65.0%)],percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed[40.2%(IQR:30.5%to 52.7%)],percentage of encounters with injection prescribed[18%(IQR:3.2%to 30.0%)]and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list[82.0%(IQR:66.4%to 89.3%)].The median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.04)and the median percentage of medicines prescribed by generics(P=0.03)increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Prescribing indicators were worse in primary and secondary health facilities,with significant differences in the median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.007)and injections(P=0.0002)across primary,secondary,and tertiary health facilities.There were improvements across all prescribing indicators after the implementation of NDP 2005.Conclusions:Core drug use indicators in Nigerian health facilities deviated from the WHO/INRUD thresholds,with noticeable improvement after the implementation of NDP 2005.More efforts are needed to improve rational drug use in Nigerian hospitals.
文摘With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities land in the process of development and growth. Based on the written survey of 597 agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province, the demand and demand gap of various facilities land use in agricultural machinery service organizations were analyzed and compared. In addition, based on the field survey and policy background, the main practices and experiences of agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province in the approval and use of facility land were sorted out, and the problems and causes of large gap in facility agricultural land, lack of standards and difficulty in policy implementation were analyzed. Finally, it recommended that the site selection of agricultural machinery service organization facilities needs to be standardized, the land demand needs to be coordinated, the land scale needs to be scientifically demonstrated, and financial support should be sought to promote Guizhou agricultural machinery service organization to become bigger, better and stronger.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12075326)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2025A1515010669)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou (Grant No.2024A04J6243)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Sun Yat-sen University (No.23xkjc017)the Innovation Training Program for bachelor students in Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility(CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant disciplines, both domestically and internationally,to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF.Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics—including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures;muon physics;neutrino physics;neutron physics;the testing of fundamental symmetries;and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators.We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.
基金This paper is an introduction of a key laboratory of SP.
文摘This paper presents the technical parameters and features of 1 MWth test facilities for circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) at Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) of State Power Corporation (SP), introduces the test items that can be proceeded and trial combustion projects completed. The development status of CFBC technologies abroad and the level of China in this field are also introduced in the paper.
文摘After analyzing the concept of urban social psychology and environmental psychology, the paper considers that the city is an object shared by thousands of people from different classes, nationalities and characters, and streets and roads are the skeleton and venation of the city, serving for transport and as spaces. Then, it has proposed principles for road landscape design. Based on environmental facilities on streets, urban environmental psychology has been put forward because transport function has been highlighted while space function has been neglected in urban construction, so that facilities' design and construction can be considered from the perspective of human. Finally, some suggestions have been raised in view of problems in mechanism and management during the design and construction of domestic street facilities.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(12)3006]Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program,China(BE2013352)Study on Saving the Cost Facility Cultivation Techniques of High-quality,Safe and Efficient in Fresh Faba Bean(HL2014029)~~
文摘Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.
基金This work was supported by the Health Commission of Zhejiang Province(Grant number 2018KY544,2018).
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to explore the dignity and related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities.Methods:Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 253 Chinese older adults dwelling in long-term care facilities.Dignity among older adults was measured using the Dignity Scale,and its potential correlates were explored using multiple linear regressions.Results:Results showed that the total score of the Dignity Scale is 151.95±11.75.From high to low,the different factors of dignity among older adults in long-term care facilities were as follows:caring factors(4.83±0.33),social factors(4.73±0.41),psychological factors(4.66±0.71),value factors(4.56±0.53),autonomous factors(4.50±0.57),and physical factors(4.38±0.55).A higher score of the Dignity Scale was associated with higher economic status,fewer chronic diseases,less medication,better daily living ability and long-time lived in cities.Conclusion:Older adults with low economic status,more chronic diseases,and poor daily living ability,taking more medications,or the previous residence in rural areas seem to be most at low-level dignity in long-term care facilities and thus require more attention than their peers.
文摘Much attention has been given to address public health policy in Saudi Arabia,particularly for the management,quality,and coverage issues.However,assessment of spatial patterns,distribution,and provision of public health services has been neglected.This paper analyzes the availability and accessibility of public health facilities across Riyadh Governorate,Saudi Arabia at the subnational level.Spatial and attribute data of public health facilities potentially have been analyzed using GIS to produce accurate measure of accessibility.The spatial pattern of service distribution was examined using average nearest neighbor.Distances from demand points(populations)to providers(facilities)were calculated for each district using near analysis.In addition,the ratios of public health facility to population were calculated to identify underserved and overserved areas.The findings clearly indicate that the spatial pattern of the distribution of public health facilities was significantly clustered(p value<0.001)with Z-score of–10.9.Several districts within the central parts of the governorate were identified as having a higher density of facilities,while most of districts that are located in the marginal parts exhibit very low density of health facilities.Overall,there was a considerable variation in the average distance from district centroids to health facilities.Substantially,less than half of the population(45.4%)living in 61 districts has access to public health facility within less than 1-km distance.In contrast,the greatest increase in distances was observed for 6%of population living in 38 districts.People that live in such districts need to travel long distances for public health care.The output of this analysis can assist policy-makers and authorities of Riyadh Governorate in planning public health delivery.
基金This study was co-supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2019-V-0010-0104)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23E060007).
文摘As the pivotal test equipment of aero-engines design,finalization,improvement,modification,etc.,the Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF)plays an important role in the research and development of the aero-engines.With the rapid development of advanced high-performance aeroengine,the increasing demand of high-altitude simulation test is driving AGTF to improve its test ability and level of automation and intelligence.The modeling method,simulation tool,and control technology are the key factors to support the improvement of the AGTF control system.The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of modeling methods,simulation tools,and control technologies in AGTF control system for future research.First,it reviews the evolution of AGTF in the world,from the early formative stage to integration stage.Then,the mathematical modeling method of AGTF for control application is overviewed.Furthermore,the simulation tools used in the AGTF control system are overviewed from numerical simulation to hardware-in-loop simulation and further to semi-physical simulation.Meanwhile,the control technologies used in the AGTF control system are summarized from single-variable control to multivariable integrated control,and from classical control theory to modern control theory.Finally,recommendations for future research are outlined.Therefore,this review article provides extensive literature information for the modeling,simulation,and control design of AGTF for control application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71173082)
文摘The overuse of injection exists more than 20 years since economic reform in China.It is a persistent problem and seems becoming a new challenge in the new health reform period.This study was designed to assess the effect of national essential medicines policy(NEMP) on injection use at primary health facilities in China by investigating their prescription information.Questionnaires were designed and disseminated to collect empirical data on injection use at 120 primary health facilities in 6 provinces from January to September in 2010 and 2011.The injection use was measured as the indicator as the percentage of prescriptions with one or more injections.The results showed that the percentage of prescriptions with one or more injections was decreased from 38.91% to 36.82%(2 =11.158,P=0.001) in the all survey areas during the NEMP reform.The difference in level of the injection use in 2011 was significant among the eastern,central and western regions(2 =223.584,P=0.000);level of the injection use in western region was the lowest(27.73%),while that in the central region was the highest(43.10%).The level of the injection use in 2011 among different provinces was also of great difference(26.00%-58.25%,range:32.25%).The level of the injection use in 2011 was still much higher than the standard suggested by WHO for developing countries(13.4%-24.1%).It was concluded that NEMP has improved injection use in China,but the injection abuse situation remains serious,indicating that one of the priorities to the next stage of NEMP is to promote the rational use of drugs,especially the injection use.
文摘Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-increasing expansion of urban areas and population growth,there is a need to regularly examine the pattern of accessibility of basic amenities across regions,States and urban areas.This study examined geographic access to Primary Health Care Facilities(PHCF)in Nigeria using the combination of open data and geospatial analysis techniques.Thus,showcasing an approach can be replicated across different regions in Sub-Saharan Africa due to issues of information gap.Data on elevation,location of health care facilities,population and network data were utilised.The result shows that PHCF aggregate at certain locations,e.g.major urban agglomerations,and transit route leading to these places.High concentrations are found in the capital city.The average travel time to the nearest PHCF is about 14 min(Standard Deviation±13.30 min)while the maximum is about 2 hours.Pockets of low accessibility areas exist across the Akwa Ibom State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.There is an indication that most places have good geographic access.Across the 1787 settlements identified in our dataset,98.3%are with good access(<30 min),27 settlements are located in the poor access class(31–60 min),while two settlements are within the very poor access class(>60 min).Geographic access is not the main limiting factor to health care access in the region.Therefore,computation of access to health care should take into consideration other dimensions of accessibility,to create a robust measure which will support effective and efficient health care planning and delivery.
基金Sponsored by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (Grant No.2013BAJ12B01)
文摘Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.
基金funded by the China-Gates Foundation TB Control Project(Phase Ⅱ)(51914)
文摘Health care facilities are a high-risk environment for generating and spreading respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis （TB）. The TB prevention and treatment staff in health care facilities are responsible for the identification, diagnosis, treatment, supervision, and management of TB patients .
基金supported in part by the Stable Support Research Project of AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,China(No.GJCZ-0013-19)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Compressor Technology,China(Compressor Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province)(No.SKL-YSJ2020007).
文摘Modeling of a centrifugal compressor is of great significance to surge characteristics and fluid dynamics in the Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF).Real-time Modular Dynamic System Greitzer(MDSG)modeling for dynamic response and simulation of the compression system is introduced.The centrifugal compressor,pipeline network,and valve are divided into pressure output type and mass flow output type for module modeling,and the two types of components alternate when the system is established.The pressure loss and thermodynamics of the system are considered.An air supply compression system of AGTF is modeled and simulated by the MDSG model.The simulation results of mass flow,pressure,and temperature are compared with the experimental results,and the error is less than 5%,which demonstrates the reliability,practicability,and universality of the MDSG model.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2016238)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11305246)
文摘Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the radio-frequency signal is modulated in a continuous-wave laser carrier with frequency stabilization, and timing events are distributed in the same fiber. The phase drift is detected precisely, based on the principle of the Michelson interferometer. The phase drift is compensated with coarse and fine correctors afterward. We aim to realize the stable transmission of the RF signal and timing events for a long distance and duration, with the phase drift and additive jitter in femtoseconds. After the extension, the system will become a complete solution for the clock-and-trigger distribution of synchrotron radiation facilities, free-electron lasers, and other accelerators. The physics design, simulation analysis, and preliminary results are included in the paper.
文摘As the city’s soft powef,culture is the basic core of urban competitiveness. The spatial concentration of cultufal facilities can show the development status of the dtfs cultural functions in the spatial kyout. In this paper,POI data of Baidu Maps were used to conduct kernel density analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the spatial distribution of cultural facilities in Shenzhen; mean center point method was used to measure the degree of deviation between Shenzhen population centers and cultural facilities centers; the nearest distance method was used to measure the spatial distribution of cultural facilities space and the accessibility to geometdc centers of streets. The results showed that among the four types of cultural facilities in Shenzhen, librades were the most concentrated, accounting for 63% of the total number of cultural facilities, followed by cultxite and arts centers, museiims, and galleries; tiiere was a great disparity in the number of cultural facilities in various districts and subdistricts in Shenzhen, with a clear agglomeration effect in space; from the district level, cultural faculties spatially distributed from the southwest to the northeast by three gradients; from the street leviel, cultural facilities showed the distribution pattern of ^decreasing from west to eastf and a high d^tee of recognition for convenient transportation; the cultural facilities inside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone （except Yantdan District） were more reasonable in spatial distribution, and the number of people served was more than that of cultural Realities outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, while residents outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone enjoyed significantly more cultutal facilities than that inside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone; the goal of the e￡10-min cultutal dtdeJ, in Shenzhen had been initially completed, that is, residents could reach 72.41% of the streets with cultural facilities within a 10-min ／raJk, but thefe were still 50% districts and 5.1% streets that wefe equipped with, unreasonably distributed cultufal facilities or few cultufal facilities.
