Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is an airborne disease. In China, it frequently develops initially in central Shaanxi and southwestern Gansu, and from there, inoculum spreads to ...Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is an airborne disease. In China, it frequently develops initially in central Shaanxi and southwestern Gansu, and from there, inoculum spreads to the eastern wheat production regions. Field investigations have suggested that Pst could spread from the west to the east within central Shaanxi andthat Gansu could serve as the inoculum source for central Shaanxi, but there is no direct evidence for this hypothetical dispersal route. In the current study, 321 Pst isolates collected from central Shaanxi and Gansu in the 2019–2020 and2020–2021 winter wheat cropping seasons were genotyped using 23 pairs of KASP-SNP markers. The dispersion among subpopulations was analyzed using several approaches, and overall, the populations were found to exhibit high levels of genetic diversity. There was little genetic divergence(0.05>FST>0) within central Shaanxi. However, significant gene flow(Nm>4) driven by wind-oriented dispersal from west(Baoji) to east(Weinan) occurred. There was also gene flow among the 4 Gansu subpopulations of Tianshui, Longnan, Pingliang, and Qingyang. Migration of the pathogen occurred between central Shaanxi and Gansu. Migration from Gansu to central Shaanxi was major compared with that from central Shaanxi to Gansu that was minor. Genetic variation occurred among isolates, instead of among subpopulations and within isolates. Linkage disequilibrium revealed that there was strong genetic recombination in the subpopulations from Gansu and central Shaanxi. Therefore, the present study provides molecular evidence that Pst spread from west to east in central Shaanxi and showed that Gansu(especially Longnan and Tianshui) was one of the major origins of the pathogen inoculum of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi. The results revealed the west-to-east transmission route of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi, being used to guide integrated management of the disease.展开更多
The velvet protein family serves as a crucial factor in coordinating development and secondary metabolism in numerous pathogenic fungi.However,no previous research has examined the function of the velvet protein famil...The velvet protein family serves as a crucial factor in coordinating development and secondary metabolism in numerous pathogenic fungi.However,no previous research has examined the function of the velvet protein family in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(FON),a pathogen causing a highly destructive disease in watermelon.In this study,∆fovel1 and∆folae1 deletion mutants and∆fovel1-C and∆folae1-C corresponding complementation mutants of FON were validated.Additionally,the phenotypic,biochemical,and virulence effects of the deletion mutants were investigated.Compared to the wild-type strains,the∆fovel1 and∆folae1 mutants exhibited altered mycelial phenotype,reduced conidiation,and decreased production of bikaverin and fusaric acid.Furthermore,their virulence on watermelon plant roots significantly decreased.All these alterations in mutants were restored in corresponding complementation strains.Notably,yeast two-hybrid results demonstrated an interaction between FoVel1 and FoLae1.This study reveals that FoVEL1 and FoLAE1 play essential roles in secondary metabolism,conidiation,and virulence in FON.These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and functional roles of VEL1 and LAE1 in pathogenic fungi.展开更多
Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.batatas(Fob)is a devastating disease threatening global sweet potato production.To elucidate Fob’s pathogenicitymechanisms and informeffective control strategies,we gen...Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.batatas(Fob)is a devastating disease threatening global sweet potato production.To elucidate Fob’s pathogenicitymechanisms and informeffective control strategies,we generated a green fluorescent protein(GFP)-tagged Fob strain to track infection dynamics in sweet potato susceptible cultivar Xinzhonghua and resistant cultivar Xiangshu75-55,respectively.Through cytological observation,we found in the susceptible Xinzhonghua,Fob predominantly colonized stem villi,injured root growth points,and directly invaded vascular bundles through stemwounds.Spore germination peaked at 2-3 h post-inoculation(hpi),followed by cyclical mycelial expansion and sporulation within vascular tissues with sustaining infection.In contrast,the resistant Xiangshu75-55 exhibited strong suppression of Fob:spores rarely germinated in vascular bundles or on trichomes by 3 hpi,and mature hyphae were absent in stems at 24 hpi.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)confirmed significantly higher Fob biomass in Xinzhonghua than in Xiangshu75-55 by 16 hpi.Additionally,transcriptional profiling revealed distinct pathogen-host interactions during the compatible and incompatible reactions.In Xinzhonghua,Fob virulence genes FobPGX1,FobICL1,FobCTF2,FobFUB5 and FobFUB6 were upregulated within 16 hpi.Conversely,host defense genes IbMAPKK9,IbWRKY61,IbWRKY75,IbSWEET10,IbBBX24 and IbPIF4 were activated in Xiangshu75-55 during the same period.This study provides spatiotemporal cytological and molecular insights into Fob pathogenicity and host resistance,offering a foundation for early disease detection and improved Fusarium wilt management in sweet potato.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of this plant as adjunctive therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS:The plant capsules were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed.In this clin...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of this plant as adjunctive therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS:The plant capsules were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed.In this clinical trial,99 patients with H.pylori infection were randomized to receive Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f.&Esfand(S.mirzayanii)or placebo capsules for two weeks.All the patients in both groups received clarithromycin-based triple therapy.Both intention to treat and per protocol analyses were performed.Eradication rates,treatment side effects,and medication compliance were evaluated in both groups.RESULTS:H.pylori eradication rate of all the randomized participants was 59.59%.The eradication rate of H.pylori was significantly higher in S.mirzayanii group compared with that in the placebo group for per protocol analysis(84.62%,P=0.026)but not for intention to treat one(65.31%,P=0.252).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the frequencies of the medications side effects and the patients with poor compliance.CONCLUSION:The use of S.mirzayanii as adjunctive therapy to 14-day clarithromycin-based triple therapy might improve H.pylori eradication rate.展开更多
Based on the meteorological data of 24 automatic stations in Xinfeng County,combined with the climatic conditions for the growth of Morinda officinalis F.C.How and Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai,the climate suitability...Based on the meteorological data of 24 automatic stations in Xinfeng County,combined with the climatic conditions for the growth of Morinda officinalis F.C.How and Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai,the climate suitability zoning indicators of M.officinalis and S.glabra in Xinfeng County were constructed by relevant statistical methods,and the climate suitability zoning indicators were divided into four grades:most suitable,suitable,sub-suitable and unsuitable.According to the results of expert scores,the relevant growth impact factors were assigned weight values.Based on geographic information system(GIS),the climate suitability zoning of M.officinalis and S.glabra planting in Xinfeng County was carried out.The results show that most areas of Xinfeng County were suitable for planting M.officinalis and S.glabra.Among them,the most suitable planting areas of M.officinalis were mainly distributed in most of Huilong Town,from Jiangnan Community of Fengcheng Street to Yuntianhai area of Meikeng Town,Matouwantian Village and areas to the south,and areas to the south of Zhutong Village,Fengcheng Street.The most suitable areas for S.glabra planting were mainly distributed in Puchang Village of Huilong Town,the northeast of Huangzhai Town,the south of Fengcheng Street,and the central-southern part of Matou Town.The zoning results provide a scientific basis for the rational layout of M.officinalis and S.glabra planting in Xinfeng County.展开更多
Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana is a transfiguration of Robinia pseudoacacia. For enhancing propagation coefficient of the species, the experiment of shoot tissue culture of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana was...Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana is a transfiguration of Robinia pseudoacacia. For enhancing propagation coefficient of the species, the experiment of shoot tissue culture of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana was conducted in Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University from July 1999 to July 2001. The experiment included medium selection of explant induction survival, initial culture, subculture as well as rooting culture, and forming seedling with callus. The results showed that shoot segment in vitro survive rate is larger in spring than in autumn, and green dense callus could form plantlet. The best medium for initial culture was SH+0.5mg/L BA+0.05 mg/L NAA, with a propagation coefficient of 4.1 (per micro-cutting in a month), and for subculture it was B5+0.5 mg/L BA+0.05 mg/L NAA+ 10 mg/L Glu., with a propagation coefficient of 4.7. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+10 mg/L Glu., with a rooting rate of 84.4%. These results provide reference data for reproduction of superior individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the control of cotton Fusarium wilt and cotton boll rot disease.[Method]The inhibitory activity of the extracts from three species of plants(Artemisia annual L.,...[Objective]The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the control of cotton Fusarium wilt and cotton boll rot disease.[Method]The inhibitory activity of the extracts from three species of plants(Artemisia annual L.,Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant)against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Fusarium moniliforme were studied under the condition of laboratory.[Result]The extracts of all the three plants in Artemisia showed strong antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic ...展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1401000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072358 and 32272507)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province, China (2020JZ-15)。
文摘Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is an airborne disease. In China, it frequently develops initially in central Shaanxi and southwestern Gansu, and from there, inoculum spreads to the eastern wheat production regions. Field investigations have suggested that Pst could spread from the west to the east within central Shaanxi andthat Gansu could serve as the inoculum source for central Shaanxi, but there is no direct evidence for this hypothetical dispersal route. In the current study, 321 Pst isolates collected from central Shaanxi and Gansu in the 2019–2020 and2020–2021 winter wheat cropping seasons were genotyped using 23 pairs of KASP-SNP markers. The dispersion among subpopulations was analyzed using several approaches, and overall, the populations were found to exhibit high levels of genetic diversity. There was little genetic divergence(0.05>FST>0) within central Shaanxi. However, significant gene flow(Nm>4) driven by wind-oriented dispersal from west(Baoji) to east(Weinan) occurred. There was also gene flow among the 4 Gansu subpopulations of Tianshui, Longnan, Pingliang, and Qingyang. Migration of the pathogen occurred between central Shaanxi and Gansu. Migration from Gansu to central Shaanxi was major compared with that from central Shaanxi to Gansu that was minor. Genetic variation occurred among isolates, instead of among subpopulations and within isolates. Linkage disequilibrium revealed that there was strong genetic recombination in the subpopulations from Gansu and central Shaanxi. Therefore, the present study provides molecular evidence that Pst spread from west to east in central Shaanxi and showed that Gansu(especially Longnan and Tianshui) was one of the major origins of the pathogen inoculum of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi. The results revealed the west-to-east transmission route of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi, being used to guide integrated management of the disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072461)the Open Foundation of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology,China(2021-SKL-01).
文摘The velvet protein family serves as a crucial factor in coordinating development and secondary metabolism in numerous pathogenic fungi.However,no previous research has examined the function of the velvet protein family in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(FON),a pathogen causing a highly destructive disease in watermelon.In this study,∆fovel1 and∆folae1 deletion mutants and∆fovel1-C and∆folae1-C corresponding complementation mutants of FON were validated.Additionally,the phenotypic,biochemical,and virulence effects of the deletion mutants were investigated.Compared to the wild-type strains,the∆fovel1 and∆folae1 mutants exhibited altered mycelial phenotype,reduced conidiation,and decreased production of bikaverin and fusaric acid.Furthermore,their virulence on watermelon plant roots significantly decreased.All these alterations in mutants were restored in corresponding complementation strains.Notably,yeast two-hybrid results demonstrated an interaction between FoVel1 and FoLae1.This study reveals that FoVEL1 and FoLAE1 play essential roles in secondary metabolism,conidiation,and virulence in FON.These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and functional roles of VEL1 and LAE1 in pathogenic fungi.
基金supported by the following grants,Earmarked fund for CARS-10-Sweet potato,High-quality development of agriculture“5511”collaborative innovation project(XTCXGC2021005)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian province(2021J01495)+1 种基金Basic Scientific Research Special Project for Fujian Provincial Public Research Institutes(2021R1031008)Science and Technology Innovation Team of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXTD2021012-1).
文摘Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.batatas(Fob)is a devastating disease threatening global sweet potato production.To elucidate Fob’s pathogenicitymechanisms and informeffective control strategies,we generated a green fluorescent protein(GFP)-tagged Fob strain to track infection dynamics in sweet potato susceptible cultivar Xinzhonghua and resistant cultivar Xiangshu75-55,respectively.Through cytological observation,we found in the susceptible Xinzhonghua,Fob predominantly colonized stem villi,injured root growth points,and directly invaded vascular bundles through stemwounds.Spore germination peaked at 2-3 h post-inoculation(hpi),followed by cyclical mycelial expansion and sporulation within vascular tissues with sustaining infection.In contrast,the resistant Xiangshu75-55 exhibited strong suppression of Fob:spores rarely germinated in vascular bundles or on trichomes by 3 hpi,and mature hyphae were absent in stems at 24 hpi.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)confirmed significantly higher Fob biomass in Xinzhonghua than in Xiangshu75-55 by 16 hpi.Additionally,transcriptional profiling revealed distinct pathogen-host interactions during the compatible and incompatible reactions.In Xinzhonghua,Fob virulence genes FobPGX1,FobICL1,FobCTF2,FobFUB5 and FobFUB6 were upregulated within 16 hpi.Conversely,host defense genes IbMAPKK9,IbWRKY61,IbWRKY75,IbSWEET10,IbBBX24 and IbPIF4 were activated in Xiangshu75-55 during the same period.This study provides spatiotemporal cytological and molecular insights into Fob pathogenicity and host resistance,offering a foundation for early disease detection and improved Fusarium wilt management in sweet potato.
基金Kerman University of Medical Sciences Project:Evaluating the Effects of Marmotti(Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f.&Esfand)Capsules as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients with Helicobacter Pylori Infection(No.98000128)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of this plant as adjunctive therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS:The plant capsules were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed.In this clinical trial,99 patients with H.pylori infection were randomized to receive Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f.&Esfand(S.mirzayanii)or placebo capsules for two weeks.All the patients in both groups received clarithromycin-based triple therapy.Both intention to treat and per protocol analyses were performed.Eradication rates,treatment side effects,and medication compliance were evaluated in both groups.RESULTS:H.pylori eradication rate of all the randomized participants was 59.59%.The eradication rate of H.pylori was significantly higher in S.mirzayanii group compared with that in the placebo group for per protocol analysis(84.62%,P=0.026)but not for intention to treat one(65.31%,P=0.252).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the frequencies of the medications side effects and the patients with poor compliance.CONCLUSION:The use of S.mirzayanii as adjunctive therapy to 14-day clarithromycin-based triple therapy might improve H.pylori eradication rate.
文摘Based on the meteorological data of 24 automatic stations in Xinfeng County,combined with the climatic conditions for the growth of Morinda officinalis F.C.How and Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai,the climate suitability zoning indicators of M.officinalis and S.glabra in Xinfeng County were constructed by relevant statistical methods,and the climate suitability zoning indicators were divided into four grades:most suitable,suitable,sub-suitable and unsuitable.According to the results of expert scores,the relevant growth impact factors were assigned weight values.Based on geographic information system(GIS),the climate suitability zoning of M.officinalis and S.glabra planting in Xinfeng County was carried out.The results show that most areas of Xinfeng County were suitable for planting M.officinalis and S.glabra.Among them,the most suitable planting areas of M.officinalis were mainly distributed in most of Huilong Town,from Jiangnan Community of Fengcheng Street to Yuntianhai area of Meikeng Town,Matouwantian Village and areas to the south,and areas to the south of Zhutong Village,Fengcheng Street.The most suitable areas for S.glabra planting were mainly distributed in Puchang Village of Huilong Town,the northeast of Huangzhai Town,the south of Fengcheng Street,and the central-southern part of Matou Town.The zoning results provide a scientific basis for the rational layout of M.officinalis and S.glabra planting in Xinfeng County.
文摘Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana is a transfiguration of Robinia pseudoacacia. For enhancing propagation coefficient of the species, the experiment of shoot tissue culture of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana was conducted in Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University from July 1999 to July 2001. The experiment included medium selection of explant induction survival, initial culture, subculture as well as rooting culture, and forming seedling with callus. The results showed that shoot segment in vitro survive rate is larger in spring than in autumn, and green dense callus could form plantlet. The best medium for initial culture was SH+0.5mg/L BA+0.05 mg/L NAA, with a propagation coefficient of 4.1 (per micro-cutting in a month), and for subculture it was B5+0.5 mg/L BA+0.05 mg/L NAA+ 10 mg/L Glu., with a propagation coefficient of 4.7. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+10 mg/L Glu., with a rooting rate of 84.4%. These results provide reference data for reproduction of superior individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana.
基金Supported by the 10th Five Years Program for Science and Technol-ogy Development of Anhui Province(01013011)Open Foundation Project of Key Lab for Food Safety of Anhui Province(las200508)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the control of cotton Fusarium wilt and cotton boll rot disease.[Method]The inhibitory activity of the extracts from three species of plants(Artemisia annual L.,Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant)against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Fusarium moniliforme were studied under the condition of laboratory.[Result]The extracts of all the three plants in Artemisia showed strong antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic ...
