Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states,which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applica...Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states,which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applications.The distinct electronic configurations and tunable attributes of two-dimensional materials position them as a quintessential platform for the realization of second-order topological insulators(SOTIs).This article provides an overview of the research progress in SOTIs within the field of two-dimensional electronic materials,focusing on the characterization of higher-order topological properties and the numerous candidate materials proposed in theoretical studies.These endeavors not only enhance our understanding of higher-order topological states but also highlight potential material systems that could be experimentally realized.展开更多
Due to the global energy shortage,it has become essential to reduce energy consumption in the steelmaking process in order to promote the sustainable development of the metallurgical industry.The limitations of tradit...Due to the global energy shortage,it has become essential to reduce energy consumption in the steelmaking process in order to promote the sustainable development of the metallurgical industry.The limitations of traditional ladle insulation materials were addressed by using kaolin as the main raw material in combination with foam-gelcasting technique for in-situ synthesis of porous anorthite thermal insulation materials.Concurrently,the effects of sintering temperature and time on the composition of the physical phases,microstructure and physical properties were elucidated.The results showed that anorthite was the main phase obtained in sintering temperature range of 1200-1450℃,and edges of anorthite grains were well defined and well developed,presenting a plate-like morphology,which significantly improved mechanical strength of sample.The best overall performance was achieved at a firing temperature of 1400℃ and a holding time of 3 h.Compared to conventional ladle thermal insulation materials,samples developed herein showed excellent performance with a porosity of 63.3%,a compressive strength of 14.51 MPa,and an ultra-low thermal conductivity of only 0.29 W/(m K).展开更多
This study examines the development of loose-fill thermal insulation materials derived from annual plant residues,such as wheat straw,water reeds,and corn stalks,processed using the chemimechanical pulping(CMP)techniq...This study examines the development of loose-fill thermal insulation materials derived from annual plant residues,such as wheat straw,water reeds,and corn stalks,processed using the chemimechanical pulping(CMP)technique.The chopped plants were soda-cooked for 30 min,varying NaOH concentration(2%–8%on a dry basis of biomass),and mechanically refined using different disc types.The CMPprocess enhances the homogeneity and stability of defibratedmaterial,yielding improved insulation properties compared to untreated chopped rawmaterials.Chemical analysis revealed that CMP increases cellulose content and reduces lignin levels,enhancing water retention and vapor diffusion properties.Settlement tests confirmed that CMP materials are more resistant to compaction under vibration,maintaining long-term performance.Additionally,the CMP enables the production of lightweight materials that require less resource consumption while achieving comparable thermal insulation performance.The investigated biobased materials offer a sustainable alternative to conventional insulation,with competing thermal conductivity values(0.041-0.046 W/mK)at the settlement-resistant bulk density level of 60 kg/m^(3).The thermal conductivity of CMP materials remains minimally affected.However,the resulting fibers demonstrate significant advantages in stability and material efficiency.This highlights its suitability for loose-fill applications to improve the sustainability of the construction.Using renewable plant residues,CMP-based insulation materials align with circular economy principles and contribute to environmental sustainability.This research underscores the potential of CMP materials to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,optimize resource use,and promote eco-friendly building practices.展开更多
The high-temperature conditions of deep oil and gas reservoirs notably affect the porosity and permeability of rocks.In situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology is crucial for accurately assessing rock ...The high-temperature conditions of deep oil and gas reservoirs notably affect the porosity and permeability of rocks.In situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology is crucial for accurately assessing rock properties in deep reservoirs.High-performance thermal insulation materials are crucial for supporting ITP-Coring during deep oil and gas exploration.This study explores the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions on hollow glass microsphere/epoxy(HGM/EP)thermal insulation materials,focusing on the interphase.Investigations of HGM/EP materials with varying hollow glass microsphere(HGM)strengths and volume fractions reveal that elevated temperatures cause the molecular chains of the epoxy resin matrix to relax,leading to matrix softening and a decline in mechanical properties.Additionally,high-pressure water infiltrates the material,damaging the interphase and HGMs,further compromising material performance.The combined HTHP environment accelerates this degradation.Dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)shows that S60HS HGMs,which possess higher strength,interact more strongly with the matrix and exhibit higher entanglement density,resulting in superior interphase adhesion.This enhances stress transfer efficiency and reduces the loss of storage modulus at the interphase.Theoretical analysis indicates that the interphase thickness and modulus of S-f40 remain mostly unaffected after HTHP treatment,with values higher than the epoxy matrix.This correlates with DMA results,demonstrating that S-f40 has the smallest adhesion factor(A),indicating the highest interfacial stress transfer efficiency.S-f40 also exhibits optimal thermal conductivity and mechanical properties,making it ideal for ITP-Coring in deep reservoirs.These findings provide insights for optimizing materials in HTHP environments for deep reservoir exploration.展开更多
A thermal insulating material is synthesized via a non-steam-cured and non-fired route by using fly-ash, sorel cement and hydrogen peroxide solution as raw material. Properties such as apparent density, compressive st...A thermal insulating material is synthesized via a non-steam-cured and non-fired route by using fly-ash, sorel cement and hydrogen peroxide solution as raw material. Properties such as apparent density, compressive strength, bending strength, thermal conductivity, water resistance, and thermal tolerance of this matrial are studied, some influencing factors on its performance discussed. This material has an apparent density of 360 kg/m^3, a compressive strength of 1.86 MPa, a thermal conduction coefficient of 0.072 W/（m·K）, a softening coefficient of 0.55, and a thermal tolerant temperature of 300 ℃. Test results show that this material is light in weight, of high strength, and good thermal insulation. In addition, neither steam-curing nor sintering is needed in producing it. Further more, large amount of fly ash is used in this material, making it a low cost and environment-friendly building material.展开更多
The nanoporous thermal insulating material was prepared by using fumed silica,SiC powder and glass fiber as starting materials,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle was...The nanoporous thermal insulating material was prepared by using fumed silica,SiC powder and glass fiber as starting materials,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle was discussed by the simulation method,and the effect of its application as ladle lining was investigated.The results show that the thermal conductivity of the nanoporous thermal insulating material prepared in composition of fumed silica： SiC powder： glass fiber =75： 20：5 （in mass） is 0.023 W · m^-1 · K^-1 at 1 000 ℃,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle is ≤ 5 mm and the average temperature of the ladle outside surface when lined with the nanoporous thermal insulating material is 95 ℃ lower than that with the ordinary thermal insulating material.展开更多
The present study focuses on the formulation of new composite consisting of plaster and raffia vinifera particle (RVP) with the purpose to reducing energy consumption. The aim of this study is to test this new compoun...The present study focuses on the formulation of new composite consisting of plaster and raffia vinifera particle (RVP) with the purpose to reducing energy consumption. The aim of this study is to test this new compound as an insulating eco-material in building in a tropical climate. The composites samples were developed by mixing plaster with raffia vinifera particles (RVP) using three different sizes (1.6 mm, 2.5 mm and 4 mm). The effects of four different RVP incorporations rates (i.e., 0wt%, 5wt%;10wt%;15wt%) on physical, thermal, mechanicals properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the use of the raffia vinifera particles and plaster based composite material as building envelopes thermal insulation material is studied by the habitable cell thermal behavior instrumentation. The results indicate that the incorporation of raffia vinifera particle leads to improve the new composite physical, mechanical and thermal properties. And the parametric analysis reveals that the sampling rate and the size of raffia vinifera particles are the most decisive factor to impact these properties, and to decreases in the thermal conductivity which leads to an improvement to the thermal resistance and energy savings. The best improvement of plaster composite was obtained at the raffia vinifera particles size between 2.5 and 4.0 mm loading of 5wt% (C95P5R) with a good ratio of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. Additionally, the habitable cell experimental thermal behavior, with the new raffia vinifera particles and plaster-based composite as thermal insulating material for building walls, gives an average damping of 4°C and 5.8°C in the insulated house interior environment respectively for cold and hot cases compared to the outside environment and the uninsulated house interior environment. The current study highlights that this mixture gives the new composite thermal insulation properties applicable in the eco-construction of habitats in tropical environments.展开更多
With the energy crisis and ecological environment deterioration, porous thermal-insulating materials become an advanced research hotspot, and the influence of pore distribution cannot be ignored. The mathematical mode...With the energy crisis and ecological environment deterioration, porous thermal-insulating materials become an advanced research hotspot, and the influence of pore distribution cannot be ignored. The mathematical model is established basing on the heat transfor theory, regarding the minimum heat flux density as the objective function, the constant total porosity as a constraint condition, using the BFGS method to optimize the pore distribution. The results show that when the heat flux is the minimum, in the case of the fixed total porosity, the high temperature zone has high porosity, the low temperature zone has low porosity; the maximal fluctuating amplitude of porosity between the adjacent discrete points has great impact on the thermal insulating performanee, the greater the fluctuating amplitude, the better the thermal insulating ability. After calculating the temperature field of the corresponding physical model, it can be found that the temperature gradient is non-uniform, the temperature gradient of the high temperature zone is steep, and that of the low temperature zone is gentle. These results have guiding significance for preparation of porous thermal-insulating materials.展开更多
Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the ...Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of aramid fibers. Herein, AP are modified via the nacre-mimetic structure composed of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbonylated basalt nanosheets (CBSNs). This is achieved by impregnating AP into an ANF-CBSNs (A-C) suspension containing a 3D ANF framework as the matrix and 2D CBSNs as fillers. The resultant biomimetic composite papers (AP/A-C composite papers) exhibit a layered “brick-and-mortar” structure, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of AP/A-C5 composite papers reach 39.69 MPa and 22.04 kV mm^(−1), respectively, representing a 155 % and 85 % increase compared to those of the control AP. These impressive properties are accompanied with excellent volume resistivity, exceptional dielectric properties, impressive folding endurance, outstanding heat insulation, and remarkable flame retardance. The nacre-inspired strategy offers an effective approach for producing highly promising electrical insulating papers for advanced electrical equipment.展开更多
In order to improve the mechanical properties of SiO_2 aerogel-glass fiber composites, effects of different solvents(cyclohexane, n-hexane, ethanol, acetone) and different dispersing modes(planetary ball milling, ultr...In order to improve the mechanical properties of SiO_2 aerogel-glass fiber composites, effects of different solvents(cyclohexane, n-hexane, ethanol, acetone) and different dispersing modes(planetary ball milling, ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring) and dispersing duration(10-40 min) on the dispersion of chopped alkali-free glass fiber bundles were studied to determine the best dispersion process. On this basis, the materials were batched according to the mass fraction of SiO_2 aerogel powder to chopped alkali free glass fiber bundles of 90:10, and a certain amount of zinc oxide light-screening agent and phenolic resin binder were added. SiO_2 aerogel glass fiber composite specimens were prepared by direct adding chopped alkali free glass fiber bundles and pre-dispersed chopped alkali free glass fiber bundles, respectively. The cold crushing strength and the thermal conductivity at different surface temperatures(300, 400, 500 and 600 ℃, respectively)of the specimens were measured. The results show that:(1) the optimum dispersion process of chopped alkali-free glass fiber bundles is using ethanol as solvent and mechanical stirring for 30 min;(2) pre-dispersion of chopped alkali-free glass fiber bundles has little effect on the thermal conductivity of SiO_2 aerogel-glass fiber composites but can improve the cold crushing strength.展开更多
As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure....As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure.Simultaneously,the application of solid waste in insulation materials has also become a hot topic.This paper reviews the sources and classifications of solid waste,focusing on research progress in its application as insulation materials in the domains of daily life,agriculture,and industry.The research shows that incorporating household solid waste materials,such as waste glass,paper,and clothing scraps into cementitious thermal insulation can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials,leading to excellent thermal insulation properties.Insulation materials prepared from agricultural solid waste,such as barley straw,corn stalk,chicken feather,and date palm fibers,possess characteristics of lightweight and strong thermal insulation.Industrial solid waste,including waste tires,iron tailings,and coal bottom ash,can also be utilized in the preparation of insulation materials.These innovative applications not only have positive environmental significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but also provide efficient and sustainable insulation solutions for the construction industry.However,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durability of insulation materials,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which solid waste impacts the performance of insulation materials.展开更多
A cellular material in the form of 3-layered sandwich structure material was prepared via sole use of mechanical stirring without any use of a foaming agent,while Tween-80 was employed as a foam stabilizer via a devel...A cellular material in the form of 3-layered sandwich structure material was prepared via sole use of mechanical stirring without any use of a foaming agent,while Tween-80 was employed as a foam stabilizer via a developed in-situ mold casting.The resulting structure displayed a good appearance with no visual defects.The 3-layered composition of the sandwish structure,“nonporous resin layer-porous foam layer-nonporous resin layer”,was examined in terms of the microstructure,density&density distribution,pulverization ratio,mechanical strength,insulation and flame retardant performance.It was indicated from the results that the bonding between the resin layer and foam layer was tight,while the tensile rupture always occurred in the porous layer.Also,the density of the sandwich structure material was symmetrical with“saddle”distribution,and a uniform density for any given layer.The increase in the density at the interface layer provided a good interpretation for the tensile rupture never occurred at the interface.The brittleness resistance of the developed material was significantly improved,and the pulverization ratio was sharply decreased from 9.93%to 0.31%.The material acquired a thermal conductivity and limiting oxygen index(LOI)of 0.0241 W/m⋅K and 29.92%,respectively,indicating potential use of such materials broadly in fields of insulation and flame retardancy.展开更多
Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability...Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.展开更多
A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter ...A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.展开更多
This applied research seeks to explore feasible plant design for manufacturing insulation materials for construction projects using waste sheep fleece to address environmental issues related to wasted sheep wool and e...This applied research seeks to explore feasible plant design for manufacturing insulation materials for construction projects using waste sheep fleece to address environmental issues related to wasted sheep wool and enhance the gross national product. The process starts by collecting low-cost sheep fleece from farms and processed via a production line, including scouring, plucking, carding, thermal bonding, and packing. The design process involves determining an optimal location, infrastructure, staffing, machinery, environmental impact, and utilities. A final economic analysis is undertaken to estimate the product’s cost, selling price, and break-even point based on the anticipated capital and operational costs. The plant is intended to process 6778 tons of sheep wool annually. The study suggests that Mafraq Industrial City is a perfect location for the plant, and purchasing land and structures is the optimal option. The projected capital cost is 1,416,679 USD, while the anticipated operational costs amount to 3,206,275 USD. Insulation material production is estimated to be 114,756 m3 annually. The material may be manufactured into 1 m wide, 0.05 m thick sheets for 2.02 USD per square meter. Thus, for a 10-year plant, a 2.47 USD/m2 selling price breaks even in one year.展开更多
In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applic...In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applications.We proposed the thermal-percolation electrical-resistive TIM incorporating binary fillers of both insulating and metallic nanowires with an orientation in the insulating polymer matrix.High thermal conductivity can be achieved through thermal percolation,while electrical non-conductivity is preserved by carefully controlling the electrical percolation threshold through metallic nanowire orientation.The electrical conductivity of the composite can be further regulated by adjusting the orientation and aspect ratio of the metallic fillers.A thermal conductivity of 10 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)is achieved,with electrical non-conductive behavior preserved.This approach offers a pathway to realizing“thermal-percolation electrical-resistive”in hybrid TIMs,providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance TIMs.展开更多
Have we ever seen such a shocking garment in the fashion industry?A down jacket that claims to be one but uses absolutely no down,yet possesses remarkable heating and insulating properties,all designed with a colorles...Have we ever seen such a shocking garment in the fashion industry?A down jacket that claims to be one but uses absolutely no down,yet possesses remarkable heating and insulating properties,all designed with a colorless aesthetic.It resembles clothing that has come from the future.The secret behind this captivating design lies in"SOLAMENTR■"developed by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co.,Ltd.展开更多
To solve the problem of over-high density of lightweight insulation refractory bricks prepared with fly ash, new lightweight insulation refractory materials with density 〈 0. 89 g · cm^-3 were .synthesized using...To solve the problem of over-high density of lightweight insulation refractory bricks prepared with fly ash, new lightweight insulation refractory materials with density 〈 0. 89 g · cm^-3 were .synthesized using pyrophyl-lite, .fly ash, and Suzhou clay as the main starting materials and saw dast as the pore forming substance, and controlling the addition of the pyrophyllite （20%, 30% , and 40% by mass ） and the treating temperature （1 250, 1 300, 1 350, and 1 400 ℃ ）. The synthesized materials were characterized by the XRD, SEM and the thermal conductivity measuring in.strument. The results show at pyrophyllite addition of 30% and treat temperature of l 400 ℃ , the material can achieve linear shrinkage of 6. 6%, apparent porosity of 57%, bulk density of 0. 75 g · cm^-3, compressive strength of 2.7 MPa, and thermal conductivity at 350 ℃ of 0. 152 -0. 216 W·（ m·K）^-1.This indicates that the pyrophyllite decomposition at high temperatures forms mullite and amorphous quartz introducing volume expansion, which counteracts some shrinkage at high temperatures. So it is feasible to use pyrophyllite, fly ash waste and clay to prepare lightweight insulation refractory materials.展开更多
This study was focused on the simulation of energy performance for residential buildings incorporating different types of insulation materials. The energy consumption of residential buildings in the U.S. plays a signi...This study was focused on the simulation of energy performance for residential buildings incorporating different types of insulation materials. The energy consumption of residential buildings in the U.S. plays a significant role in the total annual energy consumption, and using insulation materials of higher performances is one of the most effective ways to reduce the building energy consumption. In this study, the building energy simulation was performed in BEopt for a typical residential house in the U.S. with several different types of insulation materials. The results show that adding insulation materials can significantly improve the building energy performance. The polyisocyanurate performed the best among the conventional insulation materials and had an annualized source energy saving of 37% in Pittsburgh. Vacuum-Insulated Panels had the best performance among all types of materials discussed in this study and showed annualized source energy of 41% in Pittsburgh. Phase Change Material was found to be the most effective way to particularly reduce the cooling energy use.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Grants No.12174220 and No.12074217)the Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.ZR2023YQ001)+1 种基金the Taishan Young Scholar Program of Shandong Provincethe Qilu Young Scholar Pro-gram of Shandong University.
文摘Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states,which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applications.The distinct electronic configurations and tunable attributes of two-dimensional materials position them as a quintessential platform for the realization of second-order topological insulators(SOTIs).This article provides an overview of the research progress in SOTIs within the field of two-dimensional electronic materials,focusing on the characterization of higher-order topological properties and the numerous candidate materials proposed in theoretical studies.These endeavors not only enhance our understanding of higher-order topological states but also highlight potential material systems that could be experimentally realized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51472220 and 51872265)Collaborative Innovation Major Special Project of Zhengzhou(No.20XTZX12025)+1 种基金Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology in the Central Plain of China 2022(No.234200510002)Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.25A150016).
文摘Due to the global energy shortage,it has become essential to reduce energy consumption in the steelmaking process in order to promote the sustainable development of the metallurgical industry.The limitations of traditional ladle insulation materials were addressed by using kaolin as the main raw material in combination with foam-gelcasting technique for in-situ synthesis of porous anorthite thermal insulation materials.Concurrently,the effects of sintering temperature and time on the composition of the physical phases,microstructure and physical properties were elucidated.The results showed that anorthite was the main phase obtained in sintering temperature range of 1200-1450℃,and edges of anorthite grains were well defined and well developed,presenting a plate-like morphology,which significantly improved mechanical strength of sample.The best overall performance was achieved at a firing temperature of 1400℃ and a holding time of 3 h.Compared to conventional ladle thermal insulation materials,samples developed herein showed excellent performance with a porosity of 63.3%,a compressive strength of 14.51 MPa,and an ultra-low thermal conductivity of only 0.29 W/(m K).
基金funded by the LatvianCouncil of Science,the project“Investigation of Eco-Friendly Thermal Insulation Materials from Sustainable and Renewable Industrial Crops Residuals,”number lzp-2021/1-0599.
文摘This study examines the development of loose-fill thermal insulation materials derived from annual plant residues,such as wheat straw,water reeds,and corn stalks,processed using the chemimechanical pulping(CMP)technique.The chopped plants were soda-cooked for 30 min,varying NaOH concentration(2%–8%on a dry basis of biomass),and mechanically refined using different disc types.The CMPprocess enhances the homogeneity and stability of defibratedmaterial,yielding improved insulation properties compared to untreated chopped rawmaterials.Chemical analysis revealed that CMP increases cellulose content and reduces lignin levels,enhancing water retention and vapor diffusion properties.Settlement tests confirmed that CMP materials are more resistant to compaction under vibration,maintaining long-term performance.Additionally,the CMP enables the production of lightweight materials that require less resource consumption while achieving comparable thermal insulation performance.The investigated biobased materials offer a sustainable alternative to conventional insulation,with competing thermal conductivity values(0.041-0.046 W/mK)at the settlement-resistant bulk density level of 60 kg/m^(3).The thermal conductivity of CMP materials remains minimally affected.However,the resulting fibers demonstrate significant advantages in stability and material efficiency.This highlights its suitability for loose-fill applications to improve the sustainability of the construction.Using renewable plant residues,CMP-based insulation materials align with circular economy principles and contribute to environmental sustainability.This research underscores the potential of CMP materials to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,optimize resource use,and promote eco-friendly building practices.
基金work was funded by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(No.52304033)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB2390200)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization(No.DESGEEU-2023-10).
文摘The high-temperature conditions of deep oil and gas reservoirs notably affect the porosity and permeability of rocks.In situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology is crucial for accurately assessing rock properties in deep reservoirs.High-performance thermal insulation materials are crucial for supporting ITP-Coring during deep oil and gas exploration.This study explores the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions on hollow glass microsphere/epoxy(HGM/EP)thermal insulation materials,focusing on the interphase.Investigations of HGM/EP materials with varying hollow glass microsphere(HGM)strengths and volume fractions reveal that elevated temperatures cause the molecular chains of the epoxy resin matrix to relax,leading to matrix softening and a decline in mechanical properties.Additionally,high-pressure water infiltrates the material,damaging the interphase and HGMs,further compromising material performance.The combined HTHP environment accelerates this degradation.Dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)shows that S60HS HGMs,which possess higher strength,interact more strongly with the matrix and exhibit higher entanglement density,resulting in superior interphase adhesion.This enhances stress transfer efficiency and reduces the loss of storage modulus at the interphase.Theoretical analysis indicates that the interphase thickness and modulus of S-f40 remain mostly unaffected after HTHP treatment,with values higher than the epoxy matrix.This correlates with DMA results,demonstrating that S-f40 has the smallest adhesion factor(A),indicating the highest interfacial stress transfer efficiency.S-f40 also exhibits optimal thermal conductivity and mechanical properties,making it ideal for ITP-Coring in deep reservoirs.These findings provide insights for optimizing materials in HTHP environments for deep reservoir exploration.
基金Project 20062147 supported by the Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A thermal insulating material is synthesized via a non-steam-cured and non-fired route by using fly-ash, sorel cement and hydrogen peroxide solution as raw material. Properties such as apparent density, compressive strength, bending strength, thermal conductivity, water resistance, and thermal tolerance of this matrial are studied, some influencing factors on its performance discussed. This material has an apparent density of 360 kg/m^3, a compressive strength of 1.86 MPa, a thermal conduction coefficient of 0.072 W/（m·K）, a softening coefficient of 0.55, and a thermal tolerant temperature of 300 ℃. Test results show that this material is light in weight, of high strength, and good thermal insulation. In addition, neither steam-curing nor sintering is needed in producing it. Further more, large amount of fly ash is used in this material, making it a low cost and environment-friendly building material.
文摘The nanoporous thermal insulating material was prepared by using fumed silica,SiC powder and glass fiber as starting materials,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle was discussed by the simulation method,and the effect of its application as ladle lining was investigated.The results show that the thermal conductivity of the nanoporous thermal insulating material prepared in composition of fumed silica： SiC powder： glass fiber =75： 20：5 （in mass） is 0.023 W · m^-1 · K^-1 at 1 000 ℃,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle is ≤ 5 mm and the average temperature of the ladle outside surface when lined with the nanoporous thermal insulating material is 95 ℃ lower than that with the ordinary thermal insulating material.
文摘The present study focuses on the formulation of new composite consisting of plaster and raffia vinifera particle (RVP) with the purpose to reducing energy consumption. The aim of this study is to test this new compound as an insulating eco-material in building in a tropical climate. The composites samples were developed by mixing plaster with raffia vinifera particles (RVP) using three different sizes (1.6 mm, 2.5 mm and 4 mm). The effects of four different RVP incorporations rates (i.e., 0wt%, 5wt%;10wt%;15wt%) on physical, thermal, mechanicals properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the use of the raffia vinifera particles and plaster based composite material as building envelopes thermal insulation material is studied by the habitable cell thermal behavior instrumentation. The results indicate that the incorporation of raffia vinifera particle leads to improve the new composite physical, mechanical and thermal properties. And the parametric analysis reveals that the sampling rate and the size of raffia vinifera particles are the most decisive factor to impact these properties, and to decreases in the thermal conductivity which leads to an improvement to the thermal resistance and energy savings. The best improvement of plaster composite was obtained at the raffia vinifera particles size between 2.5 and 4.0 mm loading of 5wt% (C95P5R) with a good ratio of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. Additionally, the habitable cell experimental thermal behavior, with the new raffia vinifera particles and plaster-based composite as thermal insulating material for building walls, gives an average damping of 4°C and 5.8°C in the insulated house interior environment respectively for cold and hot cases compared to the outside environment and the uninsulated house interior environment. The current study highlights that this mixture gives the new composite thermal insulation properties applicable in the eco-construction of habitats in tropical environments.
文摘With the energy crisis and ecological environment deterioration, porous thermal-insulating materials become an advanced research hotspot, and the influence of pore distribution cannot be ignored. The mathematical model is established basing on the heat transfor theory, regarding the minimum heat flux density as the objective function, the constant total porosity as a constraint condition, using the BFGS method to optimize the pore distribution. The results show that when the heat flux is the minimum, in the case of the fixed total porosity, the high temperature zone has high porosity, the low temperature zone has low porosity; the maximal fluctuating amplitude of porosity between the adjacent discrete points has great impact on the thermal insulating performanee, the greater the fluctuating amplitude, the better the thermal insulating ability. After calculating the temperature field of the corresponding physical model, it can be found that the temperature gradient is non-uniform, the temperature gradient of the high temperature zone is steep, and that of the low temperature zone is gentle. These results have guiding significance for preparation of porous thermal-insulating materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278260)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry(No.KFKT2021-14)Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology(No.KFKT2021-14).
文摘Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of aramid fibers. Herein, AP are modified via the nacre-mimetic structure composed of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbonylated basalt nanosheets (CBSNs). This is achieved by impregnating AP into an ANF-CBSNs (A-C) suspension containing a 3D ANF framework as the matrix and 2D CBSNs as fillers. The resultant biomimetic composite papers (AP/A-C composite papers) exhibit a layered “brick-and-mortar” structure, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of AP/A-C5 composite papers reach 39.69 MPa and 22.04 kV mm^(−1), respectively, representing a 155 % and 85 % increase compared to those of the control AP. These impressive properties are accompanied with excellent volume resistivity, exceptional dielectric properties, impressive folding endurance, outstanding heat insulation, and remarkable flame retardance. The nacre-inspired strategy offers an effective approach for producing highly promising electrical insulating papers for advanced electrical equipment.
基金financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0601301 and 2018YFB0605904)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (51672256)Henan Science and Technology Research Program (162102210343)
文摘In order to improve the mechanical properties of SiO_2 aerogel-glass fiber composites, effects of different solvents(cyclohexane, n-hexane, ethanol, acetone) and different dispersing modes(planetary ball milling, ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring) and dispersing duration(10-40 min) on the dispersion of chopped alkali-free glass fiber bundles were studied to determine the best dispersion process. On this basis, the materials were batched according to the mass fraction of SiO_2 aerogel powder to chopped alkali free glass fiber bundles of 90:10, and a certain amount of zinc oxide light-screening agent and phenolic resin binder were added. SiO_2 aerogel glass fiber composite specimens were prepared by direct adding chopped alkali free glass fiber bundles and pre-dispersed chopped alkali free glass fiber bundles, respectively. The cold crushing strength and the thermal conductivity at different surface temperatures(300, 400, 500 and 600 ℃, respectively)of the specimens were measured. The results show that:(1) the optimum dispersion process of chopped alkali-free glass fiber bundles is using ethanol as solvent and mechanical stirring for 30 min;(2) pre-dispersion of chopped alkali-free glass fiber bundles has little effect on the thermal conductivity of SiO_2 aerogel-glass fiber composites but can improve the cold crushing strength.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52078068)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX22_1391)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220626)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talent Introduction and Cultivation Project (CQ20210085).
文摘As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure.Simultaneously,the application of solid waste in insulation materials has also become a hot topic.This paper reviews the sources and classifications of solid waste,focusing on research progress in its application as insulation materials in the domains of daily life,agriculture,and industry.The research shows that incorporating household solid waste materials,such as waste glass,paper,and clothing scraps into cementitious thermal insulation can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials,leading to excellent thermal insulation properties.Insulation materials prepared from agricultural solid waste,such as barley straw,corn stalk,chicken feather,and date palm fibers,possess characteristics of lightweight and strong thermal insulation.Industrial solid waste,including waste tires,iron tailings,and coal bottom ash,can also be utilized in the preparation of insulation materials.These innovative applications not only have positive environmental significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but also provide efficient and sustainable insulation solutions for the construction industry.However,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durability of insulation materials,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which solid waste impacts the performance of insulation materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31760187,31971595)Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2017FB060)+1 种基金the“Ten-thousand Program”–Youth Talent Support Program and Yunnan Provincial Reserve Talents for Middle&Young Academic and Technical Leaders(2019HB026)the 111 Project(D21027).
文摘A cellular material in the form of 3-layered sandwich structure material was prepared via sole use of mechanical stirring without any use of a foaming agent,while Tween-80 was employed as a foam stabilizer via a developed in-situ mold casting.The resulting structure displayed a good appearance with no visual defects.The 3-layered composition of the sandwish structure,“nonporous resin layer-porous foam layer-nonporous resin layer”,was examined in terms of the microstructure,density&density distribution,pulverization ratio,mechanical strength,insulation and flame retardant performance.It was indicated from the results that the bonding between the resin layer and foam layer was tight,while the tensile rupture always occurred in the porous layer.Also,the density of the sandwich structure material was symmetrical with“saddle”distribution,and a uniform density for any given layer.The increase in the density at the interface layer provided a good interpretation for the tensile rupture never occurred at the interface.The brittleness resistance of the developed material was significantly improved,and the pulverization ratio was sharply decreased from 9.93%to 0.31%.The material acquired a thermal conductivity and limiting oxygen index(LOI)of 0.0241 W/m⋅K and 29.92%,respectively,indicating potential use of such materials broadly in fields of insulation and flame retardancy.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant Nos.2023NSFSC0004,2023NSFSC0790)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51827901,52304033)the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Fund (Grant No.2024SCU12093)。
文摘Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.
文摘A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.
文摘This applied research seeks to explore feasible plant design for manufacturing insulation materials for construction projects using waste sheep fleece to address environmental issues related to wasted sheep wool and enhance the gross national product. The process starts by collecting low-cost sheep fleece from farms and processed via a production line, including scouring, plucking, carding, thermal bonding, and packing. The design process involves determining an optimal location, infrastructure, staffing, machinery, environmental impact, and utilities. A final economic analysis is undertaken to estimate the product’s cost, selling price, and break-even point based on the anticipated capital and operational costs. The plant is intended to process 6778 tons of sheep wool annually. The study suggests that Mafraq Industrial City is a perfect location for the plant, and purchasing land and structures is the optimal option. The projected capital cost is 1,416,679 USD, while the anticipated operational costs amount to 3,206,275 USD. Insulation material production is estimated to be 114,756 m3 annually. The material may be manufactured into 1 m wide, 0.05 m thick sheets for 2.02 USD per square meter. Thus, for a 10-year plant, a 2.47 USD/m2 selling price breaks even in one year.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFA1203-100)sponsorship by Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.24YF2713800)+2 种基金financial support from the Local College Capacity Building Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.20010500700)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1424300)Shanghai Shuguang Program(Grant No.22SG56)。
文摘In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applications.We proposed the thermal-percolation electrical-resistive TIM incorporating binary fillers of both insulating and metallic nanowires with an orientation in the insulating polymer matrix.High thermal conductivity can be achieved through thermal percolation,while electrical non-conductivity is preserved by carefully controlling the electrical percolation threshold through metallic nanowire orientation.The electrical conductivity of the composite can be further regulated by adjusting the orientation and aspect ratio of the metallic fillers.A thermal conductivity of 10 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)is achieved,with electrical non-conductive behavior preserved.This approach offers a pathway to realizing“thermal-percolation electrical-resistive”in hybrid TIMs,providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance TIMs.
文摘Have we ever seen such a shocking garment in the fashion industry?A down jacket that claims to be one but uses absolutely no down,yet possesses remarkable heating and insulating properties,all designed with a colorless aesthetic.It resembles clothing that has come from the future.The secret behind this captivating design lies in"SOLAMENTR■"developed by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co.,Ltd.
基金financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(51502213)
文摘To solve the problem of over-high density of lightweight insulation refractory bricks prepared with fly ash, new lightweight insulation refractory materials with density 〈 0. 89 g · cm^-3 were .synthesized using pyrophyl-lite, .fly ash, and Suzhou clay as the main starting materials and saw dast as the pore forming substance, and controlling the addition of the pyrophyllite （20%, 30% , and 40% by mass ） and the treating temperature （1 250, 1 300, 1 350, and 1 400 ℃ ）. The synthesized materials were characterized by the XRD, SEM and the thermal conductivity measuring in.strument. The results show at pyrophyllite addition of 30% and treat temperature of l 400 ℃ , the material can achieve linear shrinkage of 6. 6%, apparent porosity of 57%, bulk density of 0. 75 g · cm^-3, compressive strength of 2.7 MPa, and thermal conductivity at 350 ℃ of 0. 152 -0. 216 W·（ m·K）^-1.This indicates that the pyrophyllite decomposition at high temperatures forms mullite and amorphous quartz introducing volume expansion, which counteracts some shrinkage at high temperatures. So it is feasible to use pyrophyllite, fly ash waste and clay to prepare lightweight insulation refractory materials.
文摘This study was focused on the simulation of energy performance for residential buildings incorporating different types of insulation materials. The energy consumption of residential buildings in the U.S. plays a significant role in the total annual energy consumption, and using insulation materials of higher performances is one of the most effective ways to reduce the building energy consumption. In this study, the building energy simulation was performed in BEopt for a typical residential house in the U.S. with several different types of insulation materials. The results show that adding insulation materials can significantly improve the building energy performance. The polyisocyanurate performed the best among the conventional insulation materials and had an annualized source energy saving of 37% in Pittsburgh. Vacuum-Insulated Panels had the best performance among all types of materials discussed in this study and showed annualized source energy of 41% in Pittsburgh. Phase Change Material was found to be the most effective way to particularly reduce the cooling energy use.
