Piezoelectric and triboelectric effects are of growing interest for facilitating high-sensitivity and self-powered tactile sensor applications.The working principles of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators p...Piezoelectric and triboelectric effects are of growing interest for facilitating high-sensitivity and self-powered tactile sensor applications.The working principles of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators provide strategies for enhancing output voltage signals to achieve high sensitivity.Increasing the piezoelectric constant and surface triboelectric charge density are key factors in this enhancement.Methods such as annealing processes,doping techniques,grain orientation controls,crystallinity controls,and composite structures can effectively enhance the piezoelectric constant.For increasing triboelectric output,surface plasma treatment,charge injection,microstructuring,control of dielectric constant,and structural modification are effective methods.The fabrication methods present significant opportunities in tactile sensor applications.This review article summarizes the overall piezoelectric and triboelectric fabrication processes from materials to device aspects.It highlights applications in pressure,touch,bending,texture,distance,and material recognition sensors.The conclusion section addresses challenges and research opportunities,such as limited flexibility,stretchability,decoupling from multi-stimuli,multifunctional sensors,and data processing.展开更多
Yongtao Yu,Yuelin Yu et al.Solvent-Resistant Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensors.Energy Environ.Mater.2024,7,e12700.On page 4 of this article,the first paragraph of 2.4,...Yongtao Yu,Yuelin Yu et al.Solvent-Resistant Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensors.Energy Environ.Mater.2024,7,e12700.On page 4 of this article,the first paragraph of 2.4,line 14(PDF version,same below),there is a spelling mistake of“sui,”.It should be changed to“suitable”.The denominator“dt”in the Equation(3)should be changed to“dt”.展开更多
Due to its ability to convert body heat into electricity,organic thermoelectric material is considered a promising and smart maintenance-free power source to charge wearable electronics.However,developing flexible n-t...Due to its ability to convert body heat into electricity,organic thermoelectric material is considered a promising and smart maintenance-free power source to charge wearable electronics.However,developing flexible n-type organic thermoelectric materials and wearable p/n junction thermoelectric devices remains challenging.In this work,two insulated polyamides(PA6 and PA66)that have been widely used as fiber materials are employed as novel dopants for converting p-type single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)to n-type thermoelectric materials.Because of the electron transferability of the amide group,polyamide-doped SWCNTs exhibit excellent thermopower values as large as-56.0μV K^(-1) for PA66,and-54.5μV K^(-1) for PA6.Thermoelectric devices with five p/n junctions connected in series are fabricated.The testing device produces a thermoelectric voltage of 43.1 mV and generates 1.85μW thermoelectric power under temperature gradients of approximately 80 K.Furthermore,they display charming capability for temperature recognition and monitoring human activities as sensors.These promising results suggest that the flexible polyamide-doped SWCNT composites herein have high application potential as wearable thermoelectric electronics.展开更多
Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming pr...Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.展开更多
Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexib...Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.展开更多
Quantitative determination of tetracycline(TC)in environment and foods is of great importance,as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks.Herein,a selfpowered molecularly ...Quantitative determination of tetracycline(TC)in environment and foods is of great importance,as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks.Herein,a selfpowered molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical(PEC)sensor based on the Zn O/C photoanode and the Fe-doped CuBi_(2)O_(4)(CBFO)photocathode is developed for the sensitive detection of TC.The photocathodic current can be amplified by the efficient electron transfer caused by the Fermi energy level gap between the photoanode and photocathode.Furthermore,molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)at photocathode can selectivity identify the TC templates and thus improve the specificity.Under the optimal conditions,the sensor has a linear range of 10^(-2)-1.0×10^(5) nmol/L,and a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.007 nmol/L(S/N=3).More crucially,the milk sample detection is carried out using the as-prepared sensor,and the outcome is satisfactory.The research gives us a novel sensing platform for quick and accurate antibiotic(like TC)in environment and food monitoring.展开更多
Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations...Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.展开更多
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,...Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.展开更多
As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-in...Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.展开更多
Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks ac...Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks across sensor-processor interfaces.However,the absence of interactions among versatile biomimicking functionalities within a single device,which was developed for specific vision tasks,restricts the computational capacity,practicality,and scalability of in-sensor vision computing.Here,we propose a bioinspired vision sensor composed of a Ga N/Al N-based ultrathin quantum-disks-in-nanowires(QD-NWs)array to mimic not only Parvo cells for high-contrast vision and Magno cells for dynamic vision in the human retina but also the synergistic activity between the two cells for in-sensor vision computing.By simply tuning the applied bias voltage on each QD-NW-array-based pixel,we achieve two biosimilar photoresponse characteristics with slow and fast reactions to light stimuli that enhance the in-sensor image quality and HAR efficiency,respectively.Strikingly,the interplay and synergistic interaction of the two photoresponse modes within a single device markedly increased the HAR recognition accuracy from 51.4%to 81.4%owing to the integrated artificial vision system.The demonstration of an intelligent vision sensor offers a promising device platform for the development of highly efficient HAR systems and future smart optoelectronics.展开更多
The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show...The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.展开更多
Flexible electronics face critical challenges in achieving monolithic three-dimensional(3D)integration,including material compatibility,structural stability,and scalable fabrication methods.Inspired by the tactile sen...Flexible electronics face critical challenges in achieving monolithic three-dimensional(3D)integration,including material compatibility,structural stability,and scalable fabrication methods.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of the human skin,we have developed a flexible monolithic 3D-integrated tactile sensing system based on a holey MXene paste,where each vertical one-body unit simultaneously functions as a microsupercapacitor and pressure sensor.The in-plane mesopores of MXene significantly improve ion accessibility,mitigate the self-stacking of nanosheets,and allow the holey MXene to multifunctionally act as a sensing material,an active electrode,and a conductive interconnect,thus drastically reducing the interface mismatch and enhancing the mechanical robustness.Furthermore,we fabricate a large-scale device using a blade-coating and stamping method,which demonstrates excellent mechanical flexibility,low-power consumption,rapid response,and stable long-term operation.As a proof-of-concept application,we integrate our sensing array into a smart access control system,leveraging deep learning to accurately identify users based on their unique pressing behaviors.This study provides a promising approach for designing highly integrated,intelligent,and flexible electronic systems for advanced human-computer interactions and personalized electronics.展开更多
Two-dimensional material has been widely investigated for potential applications in sensor and flexible electronics.In this work,a self-powered flexible humidity sensing device based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ti_(3)C_(2)...Two-dimensional material has been widely investigated for potential applications in sensor and flexible electronics.In this work,a self-powered flexible humidity sensing device based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx(PVA/MXene)nanofibers film and monolayer molybdenum diselenide(MoSe2)piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)was reported for the first time.The monolayer MoSe_(2)-based PENG was fabricated by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition techniques,which can generate a peak output of 35 mV and a power density of42 mW m^(-2).The flexible PENG integrated on polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate can harvest energy generated by different parts of human body and exhibit great application prospects in wearable devices.The electrospinned PVA/MXene nanofiber-based humidity sensor with flexible PET substrate under the driven of monolayer MoSe_(2) PENG,shows high response of~40,fast response/recovery time of 0.9/6.3 s,low hysteresis of 1.8%and excellent repeatability.The self-powered flexible humidity sensor yields the capability of detecting human skin moisture and ambient humidity.This work provides a pathway to explore the high-performance humidity sensor integrated with PENG for the self-powered flexible electronic devices.展开更多
Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechan...Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechano-optic or electric performance of the flexible devices;however,it remains challenging to realize the display and accurate recognition of motion trajectories for intelligent control.Here,we present a fully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based on micronanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer,which can patterned-display the force trajectories.The deformable liquid metals used as stretchable electrode make the stress transfer stable through overall device to achieve outstanding mechanoluminescence(with a gray value of 107 under a stimulus force as low as 0.3 N and more than 2000 cycles reproducibility).Moreover,a microstructured surface is constructed which endows the resulted composite with significantly improved triboelectric performances(voltage increases from 8 to 24 V).Based on the excellent bimodal sensing performances and durability of the obtained composite,a highly reliable intelligent control system by machine learning has been developed for controlling trolley,providing an approach for advanced visual interaction devices and smart wearable electronics in the future IoT era.展开更多
For traditional piezoelectric sensors based on poled ceramics,a low curie tem-perature(T_(c))is a fatal flaw due to the depolarization phenomenon.However,in this study,we find the low T_(c) would be a benefit for flex...For traditional piezoelectric sensors based on poled ceramics,a low curie tem-perature(T_(c))is a fatal flaw due to the depolarization phenomenon.However,in this study,we find the low T_(c) would be a benefit for flex-ible piezoelectric sensors because small alterations of force trig-ger large changes in polarization.BaTi_(0.88)Sn_(0.12)O_(3)(BTS)with high piezoelectric coefficient and low T_(c) close to human body temperature is taken as an example for materials of this kind.Continuous piezo-electric BTS films were deposited on the flexible glass fiber fabrics(GFF),self-powered sensors based on the ultra-thin,superflexible,and polarization-free BTS-GFF/PVDF composite piezoelectric films are used for human motion sensing.In the low force region(1-9 N),the sensors have the outstanding performance with voltage sensitivity of 1.23 V N^(−1) and current sensitivity of 41.0 nA N^(−1).The BTS-GFF/PVDF sensors can be used to detect the tiny forces of falling water drops,finger joint motion,tiny surface deformation,and fatigue driving with high sensitivity.This work provides a new paradigm for the preparation of superflexible,highly sensitive and wearable self-powered piezoelectric sensors,and this kind of sensors will have a broad application prospect in the fields of medical rehabilitation,human motion monitoring,and intelligent robot.展开更多
The new era of the internet of things brings great opportunities to the field of intelligent sports.The collection and analysis of sports data are becoming more intelligent driven by the widely-distributed sensing net...The new era of the internet of things brings great opportunities to the field of intelligent sports.The collection and analysis of sports data are becoming more intelligent driven by the widely-distributed sensing network system.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)can collect and convert energy as selfpowered sensors,overcoming the limitations of external power supply,frequent power replacement and high-cost maintenance.Herein,we introduce the working modes and principles of TENGs,and then summarize the recent advances in self-powered sports monitoring sensors driven by TENGs in sports equipment facilities,wearable equipment and competitive sports specialities.We discuss the existing issues,i.e.,device stability,material sustainability,device design rationality,textile TENG cleanability,sports sensors safety,kinds and manufacturing of sports sensors,and data collection comprehensiveness,and finally,propose the countermeasures.This work has practical significance to the current TENG applications in sports monitoring,and TENG-based sensing technology will have a broad prospect in the field of intelligent sports in the future.展开更多
In this work,amido-graphene oxide(GO-NH_(2))loaded chitosan(CTS)composite material(CTS/GO-NH_(2))that acts as both the triboelectric and sensing film was prepared on rotary fan-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator for h...In this work,amido-graphene oxide(GO-NH_(2))loaded chitosan(CTS)composite material(CTS/GO-NH_(2))that acts as both the triboelectric and sensing film was prepared on rotary fan-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator for humidity detection.Compared with the pristine CTSbased triboelectric humidity sensor(CTS-THS)and GONH_(2)-THS,the CTS/GO-NH_(2)-based humidity sensor exhibited higher humidity response and better linearity in the relative humidity(RH)range of 18.7%RH-91.5%RH.The above results can be explained by the massive exposed and less concealed hydrophilic functional groups of CTS with the help of the wrinkle structure of GO-NH_(2).Meanwhile,the CTS/GO-NH_(2)-THS possessed good repeatability and acceptable hysteresis(~6.2%RH).Finally,a humidity sensing mechanism coupling triboelectric contact charging effect with electrons transfer principle under moisture environment was established to interpret the enhanced humidity sensing performance of the composite film-based THS.This work demonstrates that CTS/GONH_(2) composite film can be utilized to fabricate humidity sensors based on the triboelectric effect.展开更多
With the rapid development of internet of things,self-powered touch sensors made of piezoelectric fluorinated polymers have attracted significant interest because they can constantly convert mechanical energy into ele...With the rapid development of internet of things,self-powered touch sensors made of piezoelectric fluorinated polymers have attracted significant interest because they can constantly convert mechanical energy into electrical energy without external power supply.However,it is still challenging to fabricate fluorinated polymer films with good adhesion and high output performance with a large-scale and low-cost method while maintaining high transparency,which are extremely important for simultaneous optical detection and electromechanical transduction.In this work,we demonstrate that the incorporation of a molecular ferroelectric-dabcoHReO_(4)(DH)into poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)solution enables high-throughput and low-temperature processing of flexible and transparent piezoelectric films by scalable processing method.The effects of multiaxial DH are multiple.First,DH can trigger the phase transition of PVDF fromα-toβ-phase and realize the orderly orientation of PVDF,which guarantees higher piezoelectric performance without any additional electrical poling process.Second,the hydrophilic nature of DH can improve the adhesion properties of PVDF,which in turn improve the stability and durability of the devices.By optimizing the fabrication processes,the transmittance of the piezoelectric touch sensors based on PVDF films and Ag nanowires coated poly(ethylene terephthalate)electrodes can be higher than 94%.The piezoelectric voltage constant g;of the transparent films can reach to 1.2 V·m·N;,which is at least three times higher than the commercially available PVDF films obtained by stretching.These results indicate that the flexible piezoelectric sensors have potential applications in transparent electronic devices for mechanical sensing and energy harvesting.展开更多
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(2022M3D1A2054488)Technology Innovation Program(20025736,Development of MICS SoC and platform for in-vivo implantable electroceutical device)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘Piezoelectric and triboelectric effects are of growing interest for facilitating high-sensitivity and self-powered tactile sensor applications.The working principles of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators provide strategies for enhancing output voltage signals to achieve high sensitivity.Increasing the piezoelectric constant and surface triboelectric charge density are key factors in this enhancement.Methods such as annealing processes,doping techniques,grain orientation controls,crystallinity controls,and composite structures can effectively enhance the piezoelectric constant.For increasing triboelectric output,surface plasma treatment,charge injection,microstructuring,control of dielectric constant,and structural modification are effective methods.The fabrication methods present significant opportunities in tactile sensor applications.This review article summarizes the overall piezoelectric and triboelectric fabrication processes from materials to device aspects.It highlights applications in pressure,touch,bending,texture,distance,and material recognition sensors.The conclusion section addresses challenges and research opportunities,such as limited flexibility,stretchability,decoupling from multi-stimuli,multifunctional sensors,and data processing.
文摘Yongtao Yu,Yuelin Yu et al.Solvent-Resistant Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensors.Energy Environ.Mater.2024,7,e12700.On page 4 of this article,the first paragraph of 2.4,line 14(PDF version,same below),there is a spelling mistake of“sui,”.It should be changed to“suitable”.The denominator“dt”in the Equation(3)should be changed to“dt”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project no.51973120)the Natural Science Foun-dation of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515010613)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant(Nos.JCYJ20170818093417096 and JCYJ20180305125649693)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.20220809111527001).
文摘Due to its ability to convert body heat into electricity,organic thermoelectric material is considered a promising and smart maintenance-free power source to charge wearable electronics.However,developing flexible n-type organic thermoelectric materials and wearable p/n junction thermoelectric devices remains challenging.In this work,two insulated polyamides(PA6 and PA66)that have been widely used as fiber materials are employed as novel dopants for converting p-type single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)to n-type thermoelectric materials.Because of the electron transferability of the amide group,polyamide-doped SWCNTs exhibit excellent thermopower values as large as-56.0μV K^(-1) for PA66,and-54.5μV K^(-1) for PA6.Thermoelectric devices with five p/n junctions connected in series are fabricated.The testing device produces a thermoelectric voltage of 43.1 mV and generates 1.85μW thermoelectric power under temperature gradients of approximately 80 K.Furthermore,they display charming capability for temperature recognition and monitoring human activities as sensors.These promising results suggest that the flexible polyamide-doped SWCNT composites herein have high application potential as wearable thermoelectric electronics.
基金Supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory on Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology,China(No.2021LSYS004)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy,China(No.2024B1212010003)。
文摘Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172249,52525601)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Talents Program(E2290701)the Jiangsu Province Talents Program(JSSCRC2023545)the Special Fund Project of Carbon Peaking Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022011).
文摘Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.
基金supported by the Fuxiaquan Collaborative Innovation Platform(No.K30001)Major Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Health Professionals of Fujian Province,China(No.2022ZQNZD007)Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province(Food Nanotechnology Innovation Team)。
文摘Quantitative determination of tetracycline(TC)in environment and foods is of great importance,as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks.Herein,a selfpowered molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical(PEC)sensor based on the Zn O/C photoanode and the Fe-doped CuBi_(2)O_(4)(CBFO)photocathode is developed for the sensitive detection of TC.The photocathodic current can be amplified by the efficient electron transfer caused by the Fermi energy level gap between the photoanode and photocathode.Furthermore,molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)at photocathode can selectivity identify the TC templates and thus improve the specificity.Under the optimal conditions,the sensor has a linear range of 10^(-2)-1.0×10^(5) nmol/L,and a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.007 nmol/L(S/N=3).More crucially,the milk sample detection is carried out using the as-prepared sensor,and the outcome is satisfactory.The research gives us a novel sensing platform for quick and accurate antibiotic(like TC)in environment and food monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grant 52571385National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC2815000 and No.2024YFB3816000)+12 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles(Grant No.2025SKLDMV07)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(WDZC20231128114452001,JCYJ20240813112107010 and JCYJ20240813111910014)the Tsinghua SIGS Scientific Research Startup Fund(QD2022021C)the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM 01 Z006)the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center(ODCC)(GHZZ3702840002024020000026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903100905008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305141)Pearl River Talent Program(No.2023QN10C114)General Program of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515011700)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2023ZT10C040)Scientific Research Foundation from Shenzhen Finance Bureau(No.GJHZ20240218113600002)Tsinghua University(JC2023001).
文摘Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(2023R1A2C3004336,RS-202300243807)&Regional Leading Research Center(RS-202400405278)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)。
文摘Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
文摘Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62322410,52272168,624B2135,61804047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2030000103)。
文摘Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks across sensor-processor interfaces.However,the absence of interactions among versatile biomimicking functionalities within a single device,which was developed for specific vision tasks,restricts the computational capacity,practicality,and scalability of in-sensor vision computing.Here,we propose a bioinspired vision sensor composed of a Ga N/Al N-based ultrathin quantum-disks-in-nanowires(QD-NWs)array to mimic not only Parvo cells for high-contrast vision and Magno cells for dynamic vision in the human retina but also the synergistic activity between the two cells for in-sensor vision computing.By simply tuning the applied bias voltage on each QD-NW-array-based pixel,we achieve two biosimilar photoresponse characteristics with slow and fast reactions to light stimuli that enhance the in-sensor image quality and HAR efficiency,respectively.Strikingly,the interplay and synergistic interaction of the two photoresponse modes within a single device markedly increased the HAR recognition accuracy from 51.4%to 81.4%owing to the integrated artificial vision system.The demonstration of an intelligent vision sensor offers a promising device platform for the development of highly efficient HAR systems and future smart optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 52175281,52475315)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021382)。
文摘The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272177,12204010)the Foundation for the Introduction of High-Level Talents of Anhui University(S020118002/097)+1 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2023-066)the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Higher Education Institution(2023AH040008)。
文摘Flexible electronics face critical challenges in achieving monolithic three-dimensional(3D)integration,including material compatibility,structural stability,and scalable fabrication methods.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of the human skin,we have developed a flexible monolithic 3D-integrated tactile sensing system based on a holey MXene paste,where each vertical one-body unit simultaneously functions as a microsupercapacitor and pressure sensor.The in-plane mesopores of MXene significantly improve ion accessibility,mitigate the self-stacking of nanosheets,and allow the holey MXene to multifunctionally act as a sensing material,an active electrode,and a conductive interconnect,thus drastically reducing the interface mismatch and enhancing the mechanical robustness.Furthermore,we fabricate a large-scale device using a blade-coating and stamping method,which demonstrates excellent mechanical flexibility,low-power consumption,rapid response,and stable long-term operation.As a proof-of-concept application,we integrate our sensing array into a smart access control system,leveraging deep learning to accurately identify users based on their unique pressing behaviors.This study provides a promising approach for designing highly integrated,intelligent,and flexible electronic systems for advanced human-computer interactions and personalized electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51777215)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51775306)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(4192027)the Graduate Innovation Fund of China University of Petroleum(YCX2020097)。
文摘Two-dimensional material has been widely investigated for potential applications in sensor and flexible electronics.In this work,a self-powered flexible humidity sensing device based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx(PVA/MXene)nanofibers film and monolayer molybdenum diselenide(MoSe2)piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)was reported for the first time.The monolayer MoSe_(2)-based PENG was fabricated by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition techniques,which can generate a peak output of 35 mV and a power density of42 mW m^(-2).The flexible PENG integrated on polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate can harvest energy generated by different parts of human body and exhibit great application prospects in wearable devices.The electrospinned PVA/MXene nanofiber-based humidity sensor with flexible PET substrate under the driven of monolayer MoSe_(2) PENG,shows high response of~40,fast response/recovery time of 0.9/6.3 s,low hysteresis of 1.8%and excellent repeatability.The self-powered flexible humidity sensor yields the capability of detecting human skin moisture and ambient humidity.This work provides a pathway to explore the high-performance humidity sensor integrated with PENG for the self-powered flexible electronic devices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173112 and 51873123)Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2021JDJQ0017)the Program for Featured Directions of Engineering Multidisciplines of Sichuan University(No:2020SCUNG203)for financial support。
文摘Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechano-optic or electric performance of the flexible devices;however,it remains challenging to realize the display and accurate recognition of motion trajectories for intelligent control.Here,we present a fully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based on micronanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer,which can patterned-display the force trajectories.The deformable liquid metals used as stretchable electrode make the stress transfer stable through overall device to achieve outstanding mechanoluminescence(with a gray value of 107 under a stimulus force as low as 0.3 N and more than 2000 cycles reproducibility).Moreover,a microstructured surface is constructed which endows the resulted composite with significantly improved triboelectric performances(voltage increases from 8 to 24 V).Based on the excellent bimodal sensing performances and durability of the obtained composite,a highly reliable intelligent control system by machine learning has been developed for controlling trolley,providing an approach for advanced visual interaction devices and smart wearable electronics in the future IoT era.
基金This work is financially supported by the basic research project of science and technology of Shanghai(No.20JC1415000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11874257 and 52032012)the Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘For traditional piezoelectric sensors based on poled ceramics,a low curie tem-perature(T_(c))is a fatal flaw due to the depolarization phenomenon.However,in this study,we find the low T_(c) would be a benefit for flex-ible piezoelectric sensors because small alterations of force trig-ger large changes in polarization.BaTi_(0.88)Sn_(0.12)O_(3)(BTS)with high piezoelectric coefficient and low T_(c) close to human body temperature is taken as an example for materials of this kind.Continuous piezo-electric BTS films were deposited on the flexible glass fiber fabrics(GFF),self-powered sensors based on the ultra-thin,superflexible,and polarization-free BTS-GFF/PVDF composite piezoelectric films are used for human motion sensing.In the low force region(1-9 N),the sensors have the outstanding performance with voltage sensitivity of 1.23 V N^(−1) and current sensitivity of 41.0 nA N^(−1).The BTS-GFF/PVDF sensors can be used to detect the tiny forces of falling water drops,finger joint motion,tiny surface deformation,and fatigue driving with high sensitivity.This work provides a new paradigm for the preparation of superflexible,highly sensitive and wearable self-powered piezoelectric sensors,and this kind of sensors will have a broad application prospect in the fields of medical rehabilitation,human motion monitoring,and intelligent robot.
文摘The new era of the internet of things brings great opportunities to the field of intelligent sports.The collection and analysis of sports data are becoming more intelligent driven by the widely-distributed sensing network system.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)can collect and convert energy as selfpowered sensors,overcoming the limitations of external power supply,frequent power replacement and high-cost maintenance.Herein,we introduce the working modes and principles of TENGs,and then summarize the recent advances in self-powered sports monitoring sensors driven by TENGs in sports equipment facilities,wearable equipment and competitive sports specialities.We discuss the existing issues,i.e.,device stability,material sustainability,device design rationality,textile TENG cleanability,sports sensors safety,kinds and manufacturing of sports sensors,and data collection comprehensiveness,and finally,propose the countermeasures.This work has practical significance to the current TENG applications in sports monitoring,and TENG-based sensing technology will have a broad prospect in the field of intelligent sports in the future.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19A2070)the National Science Funds for Excellent Young Scholars of China(No.61822106)the National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.61421002)。
文摘In this work,amido-graphene oxide(GO-NH_(2))loaded chitosan(CTS)composite material(CTS/GO-NH_(2))that acts as both the triboelectric and sensing film was prepared on rotary fan-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator for humidity detection.Compared with the pristine CTSbased triboelectric humidity sensor(CTS-THS)and GONH_(2)-THS,the CTS/GO-NH_(2)-based humidity sensor exhibited higher humidity response and better linearity in the relative humidity(RH)range of 18.7%RH-91.5%RH.The above results can be explained by the massive exposed and less concealed hydrophilic functional groups of CTS with the help of the wrinkle structure of GO-NH_(2).Meanwhile,the CTS/GO-NH_(2)-THS possessed good repeatability and acceptable hysteresis(~6.2%RH).Finally,a humidity sensing mechanism coupling triboelectric contact charging effect with electrons transfer principle under moisture environment was established to interpret the enhanced humidity sensing performance of the composite film-based THS.This work demonstrates that CTS/GONH_(2) composite film can be utilized to fabricate humidity sensors based on the triboelectric effect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973150,51473112 and 21674076)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.19KJA320009)a Project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘With the rapid development of internet of things,self-powered touch sensors made of piezoelectric fluorinated polymers have attracted significant interest because they can constantly convert mechanical energy into electrical energy without external power supply.However,it is still challenging to fabricate fluorinated polymer films with good adhesion and high output performance with a large-scale and low-cost method while maintaining high transparency,which are extremely important for simultaneous optical detection and electromechanical transduction.In this work,we demonstrate that the incorporation of a molecular ferroelectric-dabcoHReO_(4)(DH)into poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)solution enables high-throughput and low-temperature processing of flexible and transparent piezoelectric films by scalable processing method.The effects of multiaxial DH are multiple.First,DH can trigger the phase transition of PVDF fromα-toβ-phase and realize the orderly orientation of PVDF,which guarantees higher piezoelectric performance without any additional electrical poling process.Second,the hydrophilic nature of DH can improve the adhesion properties of PVDF,which in turn improve the stability and durability of the devices.By optimizing the fabrication processes,the transmittance of the piezoelectric touch sensors based on PVDF films and Ag nanowires coated poly(ethylene terephthalate)electrodes can be higher than 94%.The piezoelectric voltage constant g;of the transparent films can reach to 1.2 V·m·N;,which is at least three times higher than the commercially available PVDF films obtained by stretching.These results indicate that the flexible piezoelectric sensors have potential applications in transparent electronic devices for mechanical sensing and energy harvesting.
