Background： Dysfunctional spinal circuit may play a role in the pathophysiology ofarnyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）. The purpose of this study was to use F waves for assessment of segmental motoneuronal excitabi...Background： Dysfunctional spinal circuit may play a role in the pathophysiology ofarnyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）. The purpose of this study was to use F waves for assessment of segmental motoneuronal excitability following upper motor neuron （UMN） dysfunctions in ALS. Meihods： We studied the F waves of 152 ulnar nerves recorded fi＇om abductor digiti minimi in 82 patients with ALS. Two groups of hands were defined based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the same upper limb. The group with pyramidal signs in tile upper limbs was designated as the P group, and the group without pyramidal signs in the upper limbs was designated as the NP group. Results： The mean （P 〈 0.001）, median （P 〈 0.001） and maximum （P = 0.035） F wave amplitudes, mean （P 〈 0.001 ）, median （P 〈 0.001） and maximum （P - 0.003） F/M amplitude ratio, index repeating neuron （P 〈 0.001 ） and index repeater F waves （P 〈 0.001 ） of the P group were significantly increased compared with the NP group. No significant differences were identified for F wave chronodispersion （P= 0.628）, mean F wave latency （P 0.151 ）, minimum F wave latency （P = 0.211 ）, maximum F wave latency （13 = 0. 199）. F wave persistence （P = 0.738）. F wave duration （P = 0. 152）, F wave conduction velocity （P = 0.813） and number of giant F waves （P = 0.072） between the two groups. Conclusions＂ In this study, increased F wave amplitude, F/M amplitude ratio and number of repeater F waves reflected enhanced segmental lnotoneuronal excitability following UMN dysfunctions in ALS.展开更多
Background：In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）,repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods：We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS ...Background：In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）,repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods：We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS patients.Based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the left upper limb,the ALS patients were divided into two groups：One group with pyramidal signs designated as P group and the other without pyramidal signs designated as NP group.The Index repeating neurons （RN） and Index repeater F waves （Freps） were compared among the P,NP and control groups following 20 and 100 stimuli respectively.For each group,the Index RN and Index Freps obtained from 20 and 100 stimuli were compared.Results：In the P group,the Index RN （P =0.004） and Index Freps （P =0.001） obtained from 100 stimuli were significantly higher than from 20 stimuli.For F waves obtained from 20 stimuli,no significant differences were identified between the P and NP groups for Index RN （P =0.052） and Index Freps （P =0.079）; The Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P group were significantly higher than the control group; The Index RN （P =0.002） of the NP group was significantly higher than the control group.For F waves obtained from 100 stimuli,the Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P group were significantly higher than the NP group; The Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P and NP groups were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions：Increased repeater F waves reflect increased excitability of motor neuron pool and indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS.For an accurate evaluation of repeater F waves in ALS patients especially those with moderate to severe muscle atrophy,100 stimuli would be required.展开更多
Computations for air gap response of a semisubmersible platform based on a 3D numerical wave tank approach are presented.The developed method is in time domain and can consider nonlinearities associated with incident ...Computations for air gap response of a semisubmersible platform based on a 3D numerical wave tank approach are presented.The developed method is in time domain and can consider nonlinearities associated with incident wave and hydrostatic forces exactly in determining the body response, but the interaction hydrodynamics of radiation and diffraction are based on simplified linearization assumptions. The incident wave can be defined by any suitable wave theory and here defined by a fully nonlinear numerical wave model. After verifying the present computations results in its degenerated linearized version against the usual linear 3D Green function–based frequency-domain results for air gap predictions, systematic comparative studies are undertaken between linear and the approximate nonlinear solutions. It is found that nonlinear computations can yield considerably conservative predictions as compared to fully linear calculations, amounting to a difference of up to 30%–40% in the minimum air gap in steep ambient incident waves at high and moderate frequencies.展开更多
The study concerns the propagation of easterly wave (EW) at tropics as west-moving soliton more steady both in ionn and velocity as evidenced in the dynamic framework.Under the impact of different circulation patterns...The study concerns the propagation of easterly wave (EW) at tropics as west-moving soliton more steady both in ionn and velocity as evidenced in the dynamic framework.Under the impact of different circulation patterns over the regions of western Pacific trade wind,South-Asia monsoon and their transition,such a soliton becomes tapering off during its westward movement and degrading to a common dispersive wave on the whole,followed by dismtegra-non when striking the South-China Sea monsoon segment,thereby indicating that the sea sector is inaccessible to the soliton When no monsoon trough is present over the South Asian monsoon area around 30癗 or the monsoon depression ]S shallow,it is likely to have west-travelling soliton,which suggests the incursion of the EW into the South-Asian monsoon region.展开更多
Objective: Health care providers refer their patients to electromyography (E<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdan...Objective: Health care providers refer their patients to electromyography (E<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">MG) laboratories for the evaluation of various sensory symptoms in the extremities and spine. The procedure is usually performed in conjunction with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves and elicitation of the F-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wave and H-reflex. The present study aimed to determine the real value of these procedures in the diagnosis of sensory symptoms in the setting of a normal neurologic examination. Method: The EMG reports and clinical histories of 100 patients, including 10 patients evaluated by other electromyographers, were reviewed. The study was focused on those with normal neurological examinations and those without histories of ongoing medical disorders and major surgeries to the extremities and spine.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: All EMGs, F-wave, and H-reflex reports reviewed were normal, including those obtained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from the second procedure performed in some patients and of those who su</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bsequently underwent spinal surgery. Neurologic examination in all patients</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">normal. Conclusion: Needle EMG, F-wave and H-Reflex examinations are pr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">edictably normal in patients with non-dermatomal, non-neuropathic sensory symptoms with normal neurologic examination and without history of pre</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">existing medical and surgical disorders. A good neurologic examination sh</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ould determine the need to perform these procedures. Our findings have important diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic, economic and legal implications</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span>展开更多
We analyze the Sehrodinger-type scalar wave equation of an extended black hole in f（R） gravity, and numerically investigate its absorption/scattering cross sections using the partial wave method. It is found that th...We analyze the Sehrodinger-type scalar wave equation of an extended black hole in f（R） gravity, and numerically investigate its absorption/scattering cross sections using the partial wave method. It is found that the dimension of length a makes the peak value of the effective scattering potential fall down, and the absorption cross section oscillates around the geometric optical value in the high frequency regime. We can also see that the scattering flux becomes stronger and its angle width becomes narrower in the forward direction, the glory peak becomes lower and the glory width becomes narrower along the backward direction when the coupling parameter α increases.展开更多
After briefly introducing the characteristics of 1/f noise in millimeter wave focalplane array detectors, the paper analyses the relation of wavelet transform and 1/f noise in detail, suggests the fashion of decorrela...After briefly introducing the characteristics of 1/f noise in millimeter wave focalplane array detectors, the paper analyses the relation of wavelet transform and 1/f noise in detail, suggests the fashion of decorrelating 1/f noise using the wavelet transform and deduces the relative expressions. The results of computer simulation show good effectiveness.展开更多
In this manuscript, we first perform a complete Lie symmetry classification for a higher-dimensional shallow water wave equation and then construct the corresponding reduced equations with the obtained Lie symmetries....In this manuscript, we first perform a complete Lie symmetry classification for a higher-dimensional shallow water wave equation and then construct the corresponding reduced equations with the obtained Lie symmetries. Moreover, with the extended <em>F</em>-expansion method, we obtain several new nonlinear wave solutions involving differentiable arbitrary functions, expressed by Jacobi elliptic function, Weierstrass elliptic function, hyperbolic function and trigonometric function.展开更多
文摘Background： Dysfunctional spinal circuit may play a role in the pathophysiology ofarnyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）. The purpose of this study was to use F waves for assessment of segmental motoneuronal excitability following upper motor neuron （UMN） dysfunctions in ALS. Meihods： We studied the F waves of 152 ulnar nerves recorded fi＇om abductor digiti minimi in 82 patients with ALS. Two groups of hands were defined based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the same upper limb. The group with pyramidal signs in tile upper limbs was designated as the P group, and the group without pyramidal signs in the upper limbs was designated as the NP group. Results： The mean （P 〈 0.001）, median （P 〈 0.001） and maximum （P = 0.035） F wave amplitudes, mean （P 〈 0.001 ）, median （P 〈 0.001） and maximum （P - 0.003） F/M amplitude ratio, index repeating neuron （P 〈 0.001 ） and index repeater F waves （P 〈 0.001 ） of the P group were significantly increased compared with the NP group. No significant differences were identified for F wave chronodispersion （P= 0.628）, mean F wave latency （P 0.151 ）, minimum F wave latency （P = 0.211 ）, maximum F wave latency （13 = 0. 199）. F wave persistence （P = 0.738）. F wave duration （P = 0. 152）, F wave conduction velocity （P = 0.813） and number of giant F waves （P = 0.072） between the two groups. Conclusions＂ In this study, increased F wave amplitude, F/M amplitude ratio and number of repeater F waves reflected enhanced segmental lnotoneuronal excitability following UMN dysfunctions in ALS.
文摘Background：In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）,repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods：We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS patients.Based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the left upper limb,the ALS patients were divided into two groups：One group with pyramidal signs designated as P group and the other without pyramidal signs designated as NP group.The Index repeating neurons （RN） and Index repeater F waves （Freps） were compared among the P,NP and control groups following 20 and 100 stimuli respectively.For each group,the Index RN and Index Freps obtained from 20 and 100 stimuli were compared.Results：In the P group,the Index RN （P =0.004） and Index Freps （P =0.001） obtained from 100 stimuli were significantly higher than from 20 stimuli.For F waves obtained from 20 stimuli,no significant differences were identified between the P and NP groups for Index RN （P =0.052） and Index Freps （P =0.079）; The Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P group were significantly higher than the control group; The Index RN （P =0.002） of the NP group was significantly higher than the control group.For F waves obtained from 100 stimuli,the Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P group were significantly higher than the NP group; The Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P and NP groups were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions：Increased repeater F waves reflect increased excitability of motor neuron pool and indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS.For an accurate evaluation of repeater F waves in ALS patients especially those with moderate to severe muscle atrophy,100 stimuli would be required.
文摘Computations for air gap response of a semisubmersible platform based on a 3D numerical wave tank approach are presented.The developed method is in time domain and can consider nonlinearities associated with incident wave and hydrostatic forces exactly in determining the body response, but the interaction hydrodynamics of radiation and diffraction are based on simplified linearization assumptions. The incident wave can be defined by any suitable wave theory and here defined by a fully nonlinear numerical wave model. After verifying the present computations results in its degenerated linearized version against the usual linear 3D Green function–based frequency-domain results for air gap predictions, systematic comparative studies are undertaken between linear and the approximate nonlinear solutions. It is found that nonlinear computations can yield considerably conservative predictions as compared to fully linear calculations, amounting to a difference of up to 30%–40% in the minimum air gap in steep ambient incident waves at high and moderate frequencies.
文摘The study concerns the propagation of easterly wave (EW) at tropics as west-moving soliton more steady both in ionn and velocity as evidenced in the dynamic framework.Under the impact of different circulation patterns over the regions of western Pacific trade wind,South-Asia monsoon and their transition,such a soliton becomes tapering off during its westward movement and degrading to a common dispersive wave on the whole,followed by dismtegra-non when striking the South-China Sea monsoon segment,thereby indicating that the sea sector is inaccessible to the soliton When no monsoon trough is present over the South Asian monsoon area around 30癗 or the monsoon depression ]S shallow,it is likely to have west-travelling soliton,which suggests the incursion of the EW into the South-Asian monsoon region.
文摘Objective: Health care providers refer their patients to electromyography (E<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">MG) laboratories for the evaluation of various sensory symptoms in the extremities and spine. The procedure is usually performed in conjunction with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves and elicitation of the F-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wave and H-reflex. The present study aimed to determine the real value of these procedures in the diagnosis of sensory symptoms in the setting of a normal neurologic examination. Method: The EMG reports and clinical histories of 100 patients, including 10 patients evaluated by other electromyographers, were reviewed. The study was focused on those with normal neurological examinations and those without histories of ongoing medical disorders and major surgeries to the extremities and spine.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: All EMGs, F-wave, and H-reflex reports reviewed were normal, including those obtained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from the second procedure performed in some patients and of those who su</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bsequently underwent spinal surgery. Neurologic examination in all patients</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">normal. Conclusion: Needle EMG, F-wave and H-Reflex examinations are pr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">edictably normal in patients with non-dermatomal, non-neuropathic sensory symptoms with normal neurologic examination and without history of pre</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">existing medical and surgical disorders. A good neurologic examination sh</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ould determine the need to perform these procedures. Our findings have important diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic, economic and legal implications</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span>
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10873004the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832803the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No IRT0964
文摘We analyze the Sehrodinger-type scalar wave equation of an extended black hole in f（R） gravity, and numerically investigate its absorption/scattering cross sections using the partial wave method. It is found that the dimension of length a makes the peak value of the effective scattering potential fall down, and the absorption cross section oscillates around the geometric optical value in the high frequency regime. We can also see that the scattering flux becomes stronger and its angle width becomes narrower in the forward direction, the glory peak becomes lower and the glory width becomes narrower along the backward direction when the coupling parameter α increases.
文摘After briefly introducing the characteristics of 1/f noise in millimeter wave focalplane array detectors, the paper analyses the relation of wavelet transform and 1/f noise in detail, suggests the fashion of decorrelating 1/f noise using the wavelet transform and deduces the relative expressions. The results of computer simulation show good effectiveness.
文摘In this manuscript, we first perform a complete Lie symmetry classification for a higher-dimensional shallow water wave equation and then construct the corresponding reduced equations with the obtained Lie symmetries. Moreover, with the extended <em>F</em>-expansion method, we obtain several new nonlinear wave solutions involving differentiable arbitrary functions, expressed by Jacobi elliptic function, Weierstrass elliptic function, hyperbolic function and trigonometric function.
