In this study,the oil recovery from pumpkin seed with or without the presence of pigment was evaluated during the aqueous enzymatic extraction process(AEEP).Additionally,the interaction of pumpkin seed coat pigment-pr...In this study,the oil recovery from pumpkin seed with or without the presence of pigment was evaluated during the aqueous enzymatic extraction process(AEEP).Additionally,the interaction of pumpkin seed coat pigment-protochlorophyll(Pchl)with interfacial proteins(globulin-O/W,globulin-W,and albumin-W)during the aqueous extraction process was investigated.When Pchl was removed from pumpkin seeds,the yield of free oil was significantly increased by 50.71%after the first centrifugation.And the total oil recovery increased from 68.59%to 89.91%using enzymatic demulsification.Theβ-sheet percentage of globulin-O/W decreased by 5.6%with the presence of Pchl based on the circular dichroism spectra analysis.The particle size of globulin-W and albumin-W significantly increased in contrast to globulin-O/W.In addition,the increase of surface hydrophobicity and surface sulfhydryl group showed a conformational change of three protein extracts.Fluorescence spectra analyses showed that Pchl quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of globulin-W,albumin-W,and globulin-O/W in a static mode.Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the main force between Pchl and proteins was hydrophobic interactions.The hydrolysis efficiency of Papain was reduced during demulsification in AEEP with the presence of Pchl.Therefore,the removal of pumpkin seed coat pigments facilitated the aqueous extraction of seed oil by getting rid of the interaction of Pchl with its interfacial protein.展开更多
Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive us...Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.展开更多
The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizin...The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes,chemical compositions and rheological parameters.The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures,and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process.The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt(SBSMA)was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin,and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.展开更多
The extraction experiments of chromium（W） from aqueous waste solution by predispersed solvent extraction （PDSE） process with extractant （HEHPEHE） and its mixture, including acidic extractant （D2EHPA）, alkaline...The extraction experiments of chromium（W） from aqueous waste solution by predispersed solvent extraction （PDSE） process with extractant （HEHPEHE） and its mixture, including acidic extractant （D2EHPA）, alkaline extractant （TOA） and neutral extractant （TBP） were carried out respectively. It is found that the extractant HEHPEHE exhibited high extraction selectivity to chromium（III） from aqueous waste solution. The colloidal liquid aphrons （CLAs） were successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent, HEHPEHE as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate （SDBS） as a surfactant in aqueous phase and polyoxyethylene sorbitol anhydride monolaurate （Tween-20） in oil phase. To study the extraction efficiency and advantages of the PDSE process in the removal of chromium（III）, the effects of major factors, such as initial chromium（III） concentration, volume of colloidal gas aphrons （CGAs）, HEHPEHE volume fraction, phase ratio （solvent phase to water phase）, mass fraction of dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide （HTAB）, mass fraction of SDBS, mass fraction of Tween-20 and initial pH of aqueous waste solution were also investigated and the appropriate process conditions were obtained. Under the appropriate conditions, the extraction efficiency of chromium（III） above 99.9 % can be achieved and the treated aqueous waste solution can be discharged directly without polluting the environment.展开更多
With tomato paste as raw material, the optimal extraction process of phy- toene from tomato paste was explored by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single-factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal ex...With tomato paste as raw material, the optimal extraction process of phy- toene from tomato paste was explored by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single-factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction process for phytoene from tomato paste was as follows： extractant, acetone; solid to liquid ratio, 10：1; extraction time, 40 min; extraction temperature, 45 ℃. The developed extrac- tion process was stable, reasonable and feasible. Under the optimal extraction pro- cess, the extraction rate of phytoene reached 0.044 4%.展开更多
A novel method using ethanol and ultrasound to extract oil from cream obtained from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of soybean oil was developed.To evaluate the relationships between operating variables and free oi...A novel method using ethanol and ultrasound to extract oil from cream obtained from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of soybean oil was developed.To evaluate the relationships between operating variables and free oil yield and to maximize the free oil yield,response surface methodology was introduced in this work.The developed regression model was fitted with R2=0.9591.Optimized variables were:ethanol concentration of73%,ethanol addition volume of 0.55 L/kg,ultrasound power of 427 W,ultrasound time of 47 s,and ultrasound temperature of 53℃.The free oil yield from the cream under the above conditions was 92.6±3.4%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on ethanoltreated cream,and the SEM images clearly showed that the ultrasound treatment affected dispersing and fracturing of the microstructure of ethanol-treated cream.展开更多
The demand for lithium resources is increasing sharply with the rapid development of electric vehicles.It is of great economic significance to expand the geological resources of lithium and improve the utilization rat...The demand for lithium resources is increasing sharply with the rapid development of electric vehicles.It is of great economic significance to expand the geological resources of lithium and improve the utilization rate of lithium-containing salt lakes.In this paper,the hydrochemical types of the lithium-containing salt lakes in the Tibet Plateau were classified according to a large amount of hydrochemical data obtained from a recent investigation on the Tibet Plateau.In addition,the lithium extraction methods used in the salt lakes within each hydrochemical type area were analyzed and summarized,which provided a reference for the selection of lithium extraction processes in the same hydrochemical type of lithium-containing salt lakes in the future.The binding energies of Li(l)and anions in salt lakes with different hydrochemical types were calculated by density functional theory,which provides the theoretical basis for selecting the best lithium extraction technology in different salt lakes.We emphasize that the process with the combined characteristics of high efficiency,economy and environmental protection should be selected according to the hydrochemical type of different salt lakes.In the future,different salt lakes should focus on direct lithium extraction technology from the original brine.展开更多
The critical role of vanadium in metallurgy and the increasing commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries have contributed to a rise in market demand for vanadium,emphasizing the need to ensure the sustainabil...The critical role of vanadium in metallurgy and the increasing commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries have contributed to a rise in market demand for vanadium,emphasizing the need to ensure the sustainability of vanadium production.Converter vanadium slag and stone coal,generated during the smelting process of vanadium–titanium magnetite,serve as primary raw materials for vanadium extraction.This paper reviews the process mineralogy of converter vanadium slag and stone coal,encompassing the chemical and physical phase compositions of the raw materials and the state of vanadium occurrence.The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for the mechanistic study of the vanadium extraction techniques and to provide a reference for the optimization of the process afterward.This paper systematically summarizes the current vanadium extraction technology from converter vanadium slag,covering roasting,direct leaching,sub-molten salt method,and the technology and research status of vanadium extraction from stone coal.Most importantly,it identifies key issues in the current vanadium extraction techniques and challenges faced in actual production,based on the analysis of the current vanadium extraction process and mechanism research.The forward feasibility and prospects for the development of vanadium extraction technology are outlined.展开更多
Almost 29.57–38.46 million tons of zinc-bearing dust were produced in Chinese iron and steel enterprises annually.The recovery of Zn and other metals in zinc-bearing dust from ironmaking and steelmaking could improve...Almost 29.57–38.46 million tons of zinc-bearing dust were produced in Chinese iron and steel enterprises annually.The recovery of Zn and other metals in zinc-bearing dust from ironmaking and steelmaking could improve economic efficiency.However,zinc-bearing dust was classified as hazardous waste,and the volatile metals(like Zn,Na,Pb,etc.)in zinc-bearing dust limited the direct reusing in a blast furnace.Therefore,the formation process,fundamental characteristics,and current extraction process of Zn from zinc-bearing dust,associated with thermodynamics and kinetics of the pyrometallurgical process,hydrometallurgical process,and pyro-hydrometallurgical process,were analyzed.It is indicated that industrialized pyrometallurgical processes are undergoing high energy consumption and pollution such as rotary kiln and rotary hearth furnace process.The vacuum carbothermal reduction process can realize low carbon emission and no waste produced in the process.The hydrometallurgical leaching processes in strong acid,strong alkali,and ammonium solutions result in serious liquid pollution and equipment corrosion.The pyrometallurgical process involves complex kinetics and lacks kinetic research on semi-industrialization and industrialization.Water-soluble components in zinc-bearing dust can be removed by water leaching.The kinetics of the strong acid leaching is mainly controlled by the leaching kinetics of Fe_(2)O_(3) and ZnFe_(2)O_(4),while the alkali leaching and weak acid leaching are controlled by the kinetics of ZnO leaching.Zn in the zincbearing dust can be extracted by a low-temperature sodium roasting–weak acid leaching process that reduces equipment corrosion and environmental pollution.展开更多
We optimized the extraction process of Lysurus mokusin(L.)Fr.insecticidal compound(LMIC)using response surface methodology with ultrasonic extraction(UE).The surface morphologies of maceration extract(ME)and UE residu...We optimized the extraction process of Lysurus mokusin(L.)Fr.insecticidal compound(LMIC)using response surface methodology with ultrasonic extraction(UE).The surface morphologies of maceration extract(ME)and UE residues were compared by scanning electron microscopy,and then the activity of LMIC on Lymantria dispar(Asian gypsy moths)larvae was determined.Results showed that the optimal condition of UE was followed by 80 min of extraction time,60%of ethanol concentration and 80 mL g^-1 of liquid–solid ratio.The surface morphologies of UE residue were looser and rougher than ME residue.The corrected mortalities of LMIC on L.dispar larvae was 59.77%.This result indicated that L.mokusin was a good candidate as pesticide for pest management.展开更多
The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kka of TBP extracting butyric acid pro- cess in confined impinging jet reactors （CIJR） with two jets were investigated. The main variables t...The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kka of TBP extracting butyric acid pro- cess in confined impinging jet reactors （CIJR） with two jets were investigated. The main variables tested were the concentration of tri-butyl-phosphate （TBP） and butyric acid, the impinging velocity V, the impinging velocityratio of two phases Vorg/Vaq, the nozzle inner diameter di and the distance L between the jet axes and the top wall of the impinging chamber. The results showed that E and kLa increase with an increase of the impinging velocity V, the concentration ofTBP Corg, and the impinging velocity ratio Vor/Vaq. However, E and kta decrease with an increase of the inner diameter d1 from 1 to 2 mm, the concentration of butyric acid Caq from 0.5% （v/v） to 2% （v/v）. The factor L ranging from 3 to 11 mm has a negligible effect on E and kLa. A correlation on these variables and kLa was proposed based on the experimental data. These results indicated good mass transfer oerformance of CIJR in the extraction operation.展开更多
[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Bas...[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Based on single-factor test,ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as independent variables,and total flavonoids yield was taken as dependent variable. The test was conducted according to central composite design principle. Multivariate linear regression and binomial equation fitting of the result were conducted,and extraction process of CPTF was optimized by using response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal extraction process of CPTF was as below: ethanol concentration 54. 76%,extraction temperature 83. 92℃,extraction time 102. 64 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:20,extraction for twice. [Conclusions] The extraction process of CPTF by central composite design-response surface methodology was simple and feasible,with reliable prediction result,which was suitable for industrial production.展开更多
This paper reviewed various systems such as neutral phosphorus and acid phosphorus, carboxylic acid and amine extractant for solvent extraction chemistry of yttrium, including thermodynamics, kinetics and yttrium extr...This paper reviewed various systems such as neutral phosphorus and acid phosphorus, carboxylic acid and amine extractant for solvent extraction chemistry of yttrium, including thermodynamics, kinetics and yttrium extracting separation process containing the development course and new separation process.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of ...[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soyb...[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soybean oil for astaxanthin extraction. The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with different methods was compared. [ Result] The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with acetone, acetone ＋ soybean oil, ethanol ＋ soybean oil, soybean oil was 20.46, 21.65, 20.85 mg/g and 13.05 mg/g, respectively. According to the results, acetone ＋ soybean oil led to the highest extraction rate, which was approximately twice that of soybean oil and higher than that of acetone. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for large-scale production of astaxanthin.展开更多
Silkworm chrysalis protein is a high quality pure natural complete animal protein with high utilization value, and it has been widely usedin many industries in recent years. The nutrition, health care and medicinal va...Silkworm chrysalis protein is a high quality pure natural complete animal protein with high utilization value, and it has been widely usedin many industries in recent years. The nutrition, health care and medicinal value of silkworm chrysalis protein, the degreasing, deodorization anddecoloration extraction process, and its application in food, medicine, feed, etc. are summarized, in order to provide the reference for further development and industrial production of silkworm chrysalis protein.展开更多
[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. ...[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. The extraction results of the three methods were optimized and compared. [Result] The extraction rate of dietary fiber by enzymatic method was the highest, which could reach 38% of total potato residue. The properties of dietary fiber extracted by the three methods were compared, the results indicated that the dietary fiber extracted by enzymatic method had good water-holding capacity, soil absorption and expansion. [Conclusion] The enzymatic method is the best for extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato.展开更多
A novel hydrothermal process was developed to extract zinc from pure zinc ferrite（ZnFe2O4） nanopowder and zinc-containing electric arc furnace（EAF） dust using hexahydrated ferric chloride（FeCl3-6H2O） as a decomp...A novel hydrothermal process was developed to extract zinc from pure zinc ferrite（ZnFe2O4） nanopowder and zinc-containing electric arc furnace（EAF） dust using hexahydrated ferric chloride（FeCl3-6H2O） as a decomposing agent.The effects of solid FeCl3-6H2O to ZnFe2O4 ratio by mass（RF/Z）,hydrothermal reaction temperature,and time on zinc extraction were systematically investigated.In the results,when the hydrothermal reaction is conducted at 150℃ for 2 h with RF/Z of 15：20,the efficiency of zinc extraction from ZnFe2O4 reaches97.2%,and the concentration of ferric ions（Fe^3＋） in the leaching solution is nearly zero,indicating a high selectivity for zinc.In addition,the zinc extraction efficiency from the EAF dust reaches 94.5%in the case of the hydrothermal reaction performed at 200℃ for 10 h with the solid FeCl3-6H2O to EAF dust ratio by mass（RF/EAF dust） of 15：10.Zinc and iron separation is achieved by adjusting the pH value of the leaching solution according to the different precipitation pH values of metal hydroxides.展开更多
The primary bottleneck to extracting wood defects during ultrasonic testing is the accuracy of identifying the wood defects. The wavelet energy moment was used to extract defect features of artificial wood holes drill...The primary bottleneck to extracting wood defects during ultrasonic testing is the accuracy of identifying the wood defects. The wavelet energy moment was used to extract defect features of artificial wood holes drilled into 120 elm samples that differed in the number of holes to verify the validity of the method. Wavelet energy moment can reflect the distribution of energy along the time axis and the amount of energy in each frequency band,which can effectively extract the energy distribution characteristics of signals in each frequency band; therefore,wavelet energy moment can replace the wavelet frequency band energy and constitute wood defect feature vectors. A principal component analysis was used to normalize and reduce the dimension of the feature vectors. A total of 16 principal component features were then obtained, which can effectively extract the defect features of the different number of holes in the elm samples.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethan...[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethanol extraction process for the effective parts of F.pandurata.[Methods]Qualitative identification was carried out by thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and content determination was made by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC);the content of psoralen and bergapten and extract yield were used as indicators,to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction times on the ethanol extraction process of F.pandurata;multi-indicator scoring method was adopted,orthogonal test method was designed to optimize the extraction process,and verification test was performed.[Results]TLC chart of F.pandurata shows clear spots and good separation;the detected concentrations of psoralen and bergapten in the roots are in the range of 1.02-32.64μg/mL and shows a good linear relationship with the peak area(r=0.9997);these components have not been detected in the leaves,and the precision,RSD of stability and repeatability test is less than 2%;the average recovery rate was 99.8%-100.2%,and the RSD value is 1.12%-1.13%(n=6);the optimized extraction process is to use 50%ethanol as the extraction solvent,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10,reflux extraction of 3 times,and 1.5 h each time;the results of the three batches of verification tests show that the content of the two indicator components obtained is high,and the average value of the total amount is 0.34 mg/g(RSD=0.30%,n=3).[Conclusions]The established quality control method for F.pandurata is simple,easy,accurate and reproducible;the preferred extraction process is stable and feasible,suitable for the extraction and purification of coumarin effective parts in F.pandurata roots,so it is expected to provide references for further development of F.pandurata.展开更多
基金This research was financially supported by National Key R&D Program Project(2021YFD2100301)Key R&D Program Project of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(2022A02009).
文摘In this study,the oil recovery from pumpkin seed with or without the presence of pigment was evaluated during the aqueous enzymatic extraction process(AEEP).Additionally,the interaction of pumpkin seed coat pigment-protochlorophyll(Pchl)with interfacial proteins(globulin-O/W,globulin-W,and albumin-W)during the aqueous extraction process was investigated.When Pchl was removed from pumpkin seeds,the yield of free oil was significantly increased by 50.71%after the first centrifugation.And the total oil recovery increased from 68.59%to 89.91%using enzymatic demulsification.Theβ-sheet percentage of globulin-O/W decreased by 5.6%with the presence of Pchl based on the circular dichroism spectra analysis.The particle size of globulin-W and albumin-W significantly increased in contrast to globulin-O/W.In addition,the increase of surface hydrophobicity and surface sulfhydryl group showed a conformational change of three protein extracts.Fluorescence spectra analyses showed that Pchl quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of globulin-W,albumin-W,and globulin-O/W in a static mode.Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the main force between Pchl and proteins was hydrophobic interactions.The hydrolysis efficiency of Papain was reduced during demulsification in AEEP with the presence of Pchl.Therefore,the removal of pumpkin seed coat pigments facilitated the aqueous extraction of seed oil by getting rid of the interaction of Pchl with its interfacial protein.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Department(242102310530,242102310119,252102310498)the Zhumadian Science and Technology Innovation Youth Special Project(QNZX202413)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(LHGJ20241009,LHGJ20241006)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B180015,25B230006)。
文摘Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.
基金Fnded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3807202)the Key Research and Development Plan in Hubei Province of China(Nos.2022BCA082 and 2024BAB108)the Annual Research Project of China Railway Construction Corporation(No.2023-B03)。
文摘The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes,chemical compositions and rheological parameters.The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures,and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process.The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt(SBSMA)was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin,and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.
基金Project (NCET-07-0577) supported by New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education, China
文摘The extraction experiments of chromium（W） from aqueous waste solution by predispersed solvent extraction （PDSE） process with extractant （HEHPEHE） and its mixture, including acidic extractant （D2EHPA）, alkaline extractant （TOA） and neutral extractant （TBP） were carried out respectively. It is found that the extractant HEHPEHE exhibited high extraction selectivity to chromium（III） from aqueous waste solution. The colloidal liquid aphrons （CLAs） were successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent, HEHPEHE as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate （SDBS） as a surfactant in aqueous phase and polyoxyethylene sorbitol anhydride monolaurate （Tween-20） in oil phase. To study the extraction efficiency and advantages of the PDSE process in the removal of chromium（III）, the effects of major factors, such as initial chromium（III） concentration, volume of colloidal gas aphrons （CGAs）, HEHPEHE volume fraction, phase ratio （solvent phase to water phase）, mass fraction of dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide （HTAB）, mass fraction of SDBS, mass fraction of Tween-20 and initial pH of aqueous waste solution were also investigated and the appropriate process conditions were obtained. Under the appropriate conditions, the extraction efficiency of chromium（III） above 99.9 % can be achieved and the treated aqueous waste solution can be discharged directly without polluting the environment.
文摘With tomato paste as raw material, the optimal extraction process of phy- toene from tomato paste was explored by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single-factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction process for phytoene from tomato paste was as follows： extractant, acetone; solid to liquid ratio, 10：1; extraction time, 40 min; extraction temperature, 45 ℃. The developed extrac- tion process was stable, reasonable and feasible. Under the optimal extraction pro- cess, the extraction rate of phytoene reached 0.044 4%.
基金the National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(grant number 2013AA102104)the open-end fund from the Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry,Northeast Agricultural University(grant numberSB12C01)+1 种基金the Special Fund for the Establishment of Modern Agricultural R&D Systems(grant number nycytx-004)the National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology,and the Northeast Agricultural University for the support of this project
文摘A novel method using ethanol and ultrasound to extract oil from cream obtained from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of soybean oil was developed.To evaluate the relationships between operating variables and free oil yield and to maximize the free oil yield,response surface methodology was introduced in this work.The developed regression model was fitted with R2=0.9591.Optimized variables were:ethanol concentration of73%,ethanol addition volume of 0.55 L/kg,ultrasound power of 427 W,ultrasound time of 47 s,and ultrasound temperature of 53℃.The free oil yield from the cream under the above conditions was 92.6±3.4%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on ethanoltreated cream,and the SEM images clearly showed that the ultrasound treatment affected dispersing and fracturing of the microstructure of ethanol-treated cream.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(No.91962219).
文摘The demand for lithium resources is increasing sharply with the rapid development of electric vehicles.It is of great economic significance to expand the geological resources of lithium and improve the utilization rate of lithium-containing salt lakes.In this paper,the hydrochemical types of the lithium-containing salt lakes in the Tibet Plateau were classified according to a large amount of hydrochemical data obtained from a recent investigation on the Tibet Plateau.In addition,the lithium extraction methods used in the salt lakes within each hydrochemical type area were analyzed and summarized,which provided a reference for the selection of lithium extraction processes in the same hydrochemical type of lithium-containing salt lakes in the future.The binding energies of Li(l)and anions in salt lakes with different hydrochemical types were calculated by density functional theory,which provides the theoretical basis for selecting the best lithium extraction technology in different salt lakes.We emphasize that the process with the combined characteristics of high efficiency,economy and environmental protection should be selected according to the hydrochemical type of different salt lakes.In the future,different salt lakes should focus on direct lithium extraction technology from the original brine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51774140,82204604 and 22304055)Hebei Province High-end Iron and Steel Metallurgy Joint Fund Project(No.E2021209147)+4 种基金Hebei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.E2019209433)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2022209158)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hebei Province(No.23564101D)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST-202308)the Operation Expenses for Universities’Basic Scientific Research of Hebei Province(No.JQN2021018)。
文摘The critical role of vanadium in metallurgy and the increasing commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries have contributed to a rise in market demand for vanadium,emphasizing the need to ensure the sustainability of vanadium production.Converter vanadium slag and stone coal,generated during the smelting process of vanadium–titanium magnetite,serve as primary raw materials for vanadium extraction.This paper reviews the process mineralogy of converter vanadium slag and stone coal,encompassing the chemical and physical phase compositions of the raw materials and the state of vanadium occurrence.The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for the mechanistic study of the vanadium extraction techniques and to provide a reference for the optimization of the process afterward.This paper systematically summarizes the current vanadium extraction technology from converter vanadium slag,covering roasting,direct leaching,sub-molten salt method,and the technology and research status of vanadium extraction from stone coal.Most importantly,it identifies key issues in the current vanadium extraction techniques and challenges faced in actual production,based on the analysis of the current vanadium extraction process and mechanism research.The forward feasibility and prospects for the development of vanadium extraction technology are outlined.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52064010)Outstanding Young Scientists and Technologists Program of Guizhou Province,China(Grant No.[2021]5644)+1 种基金the Key Nurturing Projects of Guizhou University(Grant No.[2019]07)the Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education([2022]041).
文摘Almost 29.57–38.46 million tons of zinc-bearing dust were produced in Chinese iron and steel enterprises annually.The recovery of Zn and other metals in zinc-bearing dust from ironmaking and steelmaking could improve economic efficiency.However,zinc-bearing dust was classified as hazardous waste,and the volatile metals(like Zn,Na,Pb,etc.)in zinc-bearing dust limited the direct reusing in a blast furnace.Therefore,the formation process,fundamental characteristics,and current extraction process of Zn from zinc-bearing dust,associated with thermodynamics and kinetics of the pyrometallurgical process,hydrometallurgical process,and pyro-hydrometallurgical process,were analyzed.It is indicated that industrialized pyrometallurgical processes are undergoing high energy consumption and pollution such as rotary kiln and rotary hearth furnace process.The vacuum carbothermal reduction process can realize low carbon emission and no waste produced in the process.The hydrometallurgical leaching processes in strong acid,strong alkali,and ammonium solutions result in serious liquid pollution and equipment corrosion.The pyrometallurgical process involves complex kinetics and lacks kinetic research on semi-industrialization and industrialization.Water-soluble components in zinc-bearing dust can be removed by water leaching.The kinetics of the strong acid leaching is mainly controlled by the leaching kinetics of Fe_(2)O_(3) and ZnFe_(2)O_(4),while the alkali leaching and weak acid leaching are controlled by the kinetics of ZnO leaching.Zn in the zincbearing dust can be extracted by a low-temperature sodium roasting–weak acid leaching process that reduces equipment corrosion and environmental pollution.
基金The work was supported by the Central University Fundamental Research Funds Special Fund Project[2572016AA03,25720171118]Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project[2016RAXXJ035]the Central Financial Forest Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Fund Project[JLT[2016]13].
文摘We optimized the extraction process of Lysurus mokusin(L.)Fr.insecticidal compound(LMIC)using response surface methodology with ultrasonic extraction(UE).The surface morphologies of maceration extract(ME)and UE residues were compared by scanning electron microscopy,and then the activity of LMIC on Lymantria dispar(Asian gypsy moths)larvae was determined.Results showed that the optimal condition of UE was followed by 80 min of extraction time,60%of ethanol concentration and 80 mL g^-1 of liquid–solid ratio.The surface morphologies of UE residue were looser and rougher than ME residue.The corrected mortalities of LMIC on L.dispar larvae was 59.77%.This result indicated that L.mokusin was a good candidate as pesticide for pest management.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21206002,21376016)the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-Ch E-13A03)
文摘The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kka of TBP extracting butyric acid pro- cess in confined impinging jet reactors （CIJR） with two jets were investigated. The main variables tested were the concentration of tri-butyl-phosphate （TBP） and butyric acid, the impinging velocity V, the impinging velocityratio of two phases Vorg/Vaq, the nozzle inner diameter di and the distance L between the jet axes and the top wall of the impinging chamber. The results showed that E and kLa increase with an increase of the impinging velocity V, the concentration ofTBP Corg, and the impinging velocity ratio Vor/Vaq. However, E and kta decrease with an increase of the inner diameter d1 from 1 to 2 mm, the concentration of butyric acid Caq from 0.5% （v/v） to 2% （v/v）. The factor L ranging from 3 to 11 mm has a negligible effect on E and kLa. A correlation on these variables and kLa was proposed based on the experimental data. These results indicated good mass transfer oerformance of CIJR in the extraction operation.
基金Supported by Special Item for Guangxi Bagui Scholars(Guicaijiaohan [2017]143)
文摘[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Based on single-factor test,ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as independent variables,and total flavonoids yield was taken as dependent variable. The test was conducted according to central composite design principle. Multivariate linear regression and binomial equation fitting of the result were conducted,and extraction process of CPTF was optimized by using response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal extraction process of CPTF was as below: ethanol concentration 54. 76%,extraction temperature 83. 92℃,extraction time 102. 64 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:20,extraction for twice. [Conclusions] The extraction process of CPTF by central composite design-response surface methodology was simple and feasible,with reliable prediction result,which was suitable for industrial production.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(2006CB403302)
文摘This paper reviewed various systems such as neutral phosphorus and acid phosphorus, carboxylic acid and amine extractant for solvent extraction chemistry of yttrium, including thermodynamics, kinetics and yttrium extracting separation process containing the development course and new separation process.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Applied Basic Research Plan of Sichuan Province(2018ZY0842)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.
基金Supported by Project of Yantai Huarong Biological Technology Co.,Ltd
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soybean oil for astaxanthin extraction. The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with different methods was compared. [ Result] The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with acetone, acetone ＋ soybean oil, ethanol ＋ soybean oil, soybean oil was 20.46, 21.65, 20.85 mg/g and 13.05 mg/g, respectively. According to the results, acetone ＋ soybean oil led to the highest extraction rate, which was approximately twice that of soybean oil and higher than that of acetone. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for large-scale production of astaxanthin.
基金Supported by Innovation Team Construction Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(15C0606)Special Project for Construction of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-22)Silkworm Special Project of Agricultural Industry Research System in Anhui Province(ahny-cytx-16)
文摘Silkworm chrysalis protein is a high quality pure natural complete animal protein with high utilization value, and it has been widely usedin many industries in recent years. The nutrition, health care and medicinal value of silkworm chrysalis protein, the degreasing, deodorization anddecoloration extraction process, and its application in food, medicine, feed, etc. are summarized, in order to provide the reference for further development and industrial production of silkworm chrysalis protein.
文摘[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. The extraction results of the three methods were optimized and compared. [Result] The extraction rate of dietary fiber by enzymatic method was the highest, which could reach 38% of total potato residue. The properties of dietary fiber extracted by the three methods were compared, the results indicated that the dietary fiber extracted by enzymatic method had good water-holding capacity, soil absorption and expansion. [Conclusion] The enzymatic method is the best for extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (Nos. 2014CB643401 and 2013AA032003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51372019)
文摘A novel hydrothermal process was developed to extract zinc from pure zinc ferrite（ZnFe2O4） nanopowder and zinc-containing electric arc furnace（EAF） dust using hexahydrated ferric chloride（FeCl3-6H2O） as a decomposing agent.The effects of solid FeCl3-6H2O to ZnFe2O4 ratio by mass（RF/Z）,hydrothermal reaction temperature,and time on zinc extraction were systematically investigated.In the results,when the hydrothermal reaction is conducted at 150℃ for 2 h with RF/Z of 15：20,the efficiency of zinc extraction from ZnFe2O4 reaches97.2%,and the concentration of ferric ions（Fe^3＋） in the leaching solution is nearly zero,indicating a high selectivity for zinc.In addition,the zinc extraction efficiency from the EAF dust reaches 94.5%in the case of the hydrothermal reaction performed at 200℃ for 10 h with the solid FeCl3-6H2O to EAF dust ratio by mass（RF/EAF dust） of 15：10.Zinc and iron separation is achieved by adjusting the pH value of the leaching solution according to the different precipitation pH values of metal hydroxides.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572016CB11 and 2572014CB35)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(F2015036 and QC2014C010)948 Project(2014-4-78)
文摘The primary bottleneck to extracting wood defects during ultrasonic testing is the accuracy of identifying the wood defects. The wavelet energy moment was used to extract defect features of artificial wood holes drilled into 120 elm samples that differed in the number of holes to verify the validity of the method. Wavelet energy moment can reflect the distribution of energy along the time axis and the amount of energy in each frequency band,which can effectively extract the energy distribution characteristics of signals in each frequency band; therefore,wavelet energy moment can replace the wavelet frequency band energy and constitute wood defect feature vectors. A principal component analysis was used to normalize and reduce the dimension of the feature vectors. A total of 16 principal component features were then obtained, which can effectively extract the defect features of the different number of holes in the elm samples.
基金Major Medical and Health Project of Science and Technology Plan of Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province(2017B1006)Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(20182168).
文摘[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethanol extraction process for the effective parts of F.pandurata.[Methods]Qualitative identification was carried out by thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and content determination was made by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC);the content of psoralen and bergapten and extract yield were used as indicators,to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction times on the ethanol extraction process of F.pandurata;multi-indicator scoring method was adopted,orthogonal test method was designed to optimize the extraction process,and verification test was performed.[Results]TLC chart of F.pandurata shows clear spots and good separation;the detected concentrations of psoralen and bergapten in the roots are in the range of 1.02-32.64μg/mL and shows a good linear relationship with the peak area(r=0.9997);these components have not been detected in the leaves,and the precision,RSD of stability and repeatability test is less than 2%;the average recovery rate was 99.8%-100.2%,and the RSD value is 1.12%-1.13%(n=6);the optimized extraction process is to use 50%ethanol as the extraction solvent,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10,reflux extraction of 3 times,and 1.5 h each time;the results of the three batches of verification tests show that the content of the two indicator components obtained is high,and the average value of the total amount is 0.34 mg/g(RSD=0.30%,n=3).[Conclusions]The established quality control method for F.pandurata is simple,easy,accurate and reproducible;the preferred extraction process is stable and feasible,suitable for the extraction and purification of coumarin effective parts in F.pandurata roots,so it is expected to provide references for further development of F.pandurata.
