Background:Given the heightened risk of developmental challenges associated with preterm birth,it is crucial to explore interventions that may ameliorate potential adverse outcomes.This study aimed to examine whether ...Background:Given the heightened risk of developmental challenges associated with preterm birth,it is crucial to explore interventions that may ameliorate potential adverse outcomes.This study aimed to examine whether meeting the 24-h movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines,which include recommendations on physical activity(PA),screen time(ST),and sleep(SL),is related to indicators of cognitive difficulties,internalizing problems(e.g.,depression and anxiety),and externalizing problems(e.g.,difficulties in making friends and arguing)in a sample of preterm youth(children and adolescents born preterm).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,data from 3410 preterm youth(aged 6 to 17 years)were included for data analyses.Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between meeting the 24-HMB guidelines and the above-mentioned health outcomes,while controlling for sociodemographic and health-related factors.Results:The prevalence of meeting 24-HMB guidelines varied across independent and integrated components of the 24-HMB guidelines.Meeting the ST guideline alone(p<0.05)and integrated guidelines(i.e.,ST+SL and ST+SL+PA)were associated with fewer cognitive difficulties and reduced internalizing and externalizing problems(p<0.05).Specifically,meeting the SL guideline alone and integrated guidelines(i.e.,SL+ST)were associated with lower odds of depression and anxiety(p<0.01).Additionally,meeting independent,and integrated(PA and/or ST)guidelines were associated with less pronounced difficulties in making friends and arguing(p<0.05).Meeting 24-HMB guidelines in an isolated and integrated manner are linked to better cognitive performance and fewer internalizing and externalizing problems in preterm youth.Conclusion:Results suggest that advocating for the implementation of the 24-HMB guidelines may reduce cognitive challenges and behavioral issues,which is of high relevance for improving public health.Future longitudinal studies in preterm youth should investigate how modifying specific 24-HMB behaviors,especially ST,influence cognitive difficulties,internalizing and externalizing problems in this vulnerable population.展开更多
Measurement of externalizing disorders such as antisocial disorders,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder or borderline disorder have relevant implications for the daily lives of people with these disorders.While th...Measurement of externalizing disorders such as antisocial disorders,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder or borderline disorder have relevant implications for the daily lives of people with these disorders.While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)and the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)have provided the diagnostic framework for decades,recent dimensional frameworks question the categorical approach of psychopathology,inherent in traditional nosotaxies.Tests and instruments develop under the DSM or ICD framework preferentially adopt this categorical approach,providing diagnostic labels.In contrast,dimensional measurement instruments provide an individualized profile for the domains that comprise the externalizing spectrum,but are less widely used in practice.Current paper aims to review the operational definitions of externalizing disorders defined under these different frameworks,revise the different measurement alternatives existing,and provide an integrative operational definition.First,an analysis of the operational definition of externalizing disorders among the DSM/ICD diagnostic systems and the recent Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology(HiTOP)model is carried out.Then,in order to analyze the coverage of operational definitions found,a description of measurement instruments among each conceptualization is provided.Three phases in the development of the ICD and DSM diagnosis systems can be observed with direct implications for measurement.ICD and DSM versions have progressively introduced systematicity,providing more detailed descriptions of diagnostic criteria and categories that ease the measurement instrument development.However,it is questioned whether the DSM/ICD systems adequately modelize externalizing disorders,and therefore their measurement.More recent theoretical approaches,such as the HiTOP model seek to overcome some of the criticism raised towards the classification systems.Nevertheless,several issues concerning this model raise mesasurement challenges.A revision of the instruments underneath each approach shows incomplete coverage of externalizing disorders among the existing instruments.Efforts to bring nosotaxies together with other theoretical models of psychopathology and personality are still needed.The integrative operational definition of externalizing disorders provided may help to gather clinical practice and research.展开更多
School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric proper...School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.展开更多
In preschoolers, externalizing behavior problems are a primary cause of consultation. It is known that externalizing behavior (EB) could result from individual and environmental risk factors. Individual risk factors i...In preschoolers, externalizing behavior problems are a primary cause of consultation. It is known that externalizing behavior (EB) could result from individual and environmental risk factors. Individual risk factors included notably social cognition (SC) and executive functions (EF). A high level of EB has usually been related to dysfunction in SC and to poor skills in EF. The aim of the present experimental study is to compare the impact of two very targeted child-oriented trainings in the increasing of social competence and decreasing of EB in preschoolers. One training targeted SC abilities while the second one targeted EF capacities. These two trainings were compared on 48 preschoolers presenting clinically relevant levels of EB. The comparison of those results highlighted how each training could help preschoolers with EB in their behavior, emotion regulation and social adjustment. In comparison to a waiting-list control-group, the two trainings were effective in decreasing EB and differentiated impacts of the two trainings were obtained on different dimensions of profiles of social competence and emotion regulation. Results are discussed for their research and clinical implications.展开更多
Background A growing body of research has documented the effects of prenatal risk factors on a wide spectrum of adverse offspring health outcomes.Childhood behavior problems,such as externalizing and internalizing pro...Background A growing body of research has documented the effects of prenatal risk factors on a wide spectrum of adverse offspring health outcomes.Childhood behavior problems,such as externalizing and internalizing problems,are no exception.This comprehensive literature review aims to summarize and synthesize current research about commonly experienced prenatal risk factors associated with internalizing and externalizing problems,with a focus on their impact during childhood and adolescence.Potential mechanisms as well as implications are also outlined.Data sources The EBSCO,Web of Science,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases were searched for studies examining the association between prenatal risk factors and offspring internalizing/externalizing problems,using keywords“prenatal”or“perinatal”or“birth complications”in combination with“internalizing”or“externalizing”.Relevant articles,including experimental research,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies,and theoretical literature,were reviewed and synthesized to form the basis of this integrative review.Results Prenatal risk factors that have been widely investigated with regards to offspring internalizing and externalizing problems encompass health-related risk factors,including maternal overweight/obesity,substance use/abuse,environmental toxicant exposure,maternal infection/inflammation,as well as psychosocial risk factors,including intimate partner violence,and anxiety/depression.Collectively,both epidemiological and experimental studies support the adverse associations between these prenatal factors and increased risk of emotional/behavioral problem development during childhood and beyond.Potential mechanisms of action underlying these associations include hormonal and immune system alterations.Implications include prenatal education,screening,and intervention strategies.Conclusions Prenatal risk factors are associated with a constellation of offspring internalizing and externalizing problems.Identifying these risk factors and understanding potential mechanisms will help to develop effective,evidence-based prevention,and intervention strategies.展开更多
Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instabili...Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.展开更多
Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength,strong corrosion resistance,excellent high and low temperature mechanical properties,etc.,and is widely used in aerospace,shipbuilding,weapons and equipment,and other...Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength,strong corrosion resistance,excellent high and low temperature mechanical properties,etc.,and is widely used in aerospace,shipbuilding,weapons and equipment,and other fields.In recent years,with the continuous increase in demand for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,corresponding welding technologies have also continued to develop.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of deep penetration welding technology for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,mainly covering traditional arc welding,high-energy beam welding,and other welding technologies.Among many methods,narrow gap welding,hybrid welding,and external energy field assistance welding all contribute to improving the welding efficiency and quality of medium-thick plate titanium alloys.Finally,the development trend of deep penetration welding technology for mediumthick plate titanium alloys is prospected.展开更多
This work investigated the dynamic behavior of vertical pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow when subjected to external excitations at both ends.Even with minimal excitation amplitude,resonance can occur when the...This work investigated the dynamic behavior of vertical pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow when subjected to external excitations at both ends.Even with minimal excitation amplitude,resonance can occur when the excitation frequency aligns with the natural frequency of the pipe,significantly increasing the degree of operational risk.The governing equation of motion based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam is derived for the relative deflection with stationary simply supported ends,with the effects of the external excitations represented by source terms distributed along the pipe length.The fourth-order partial differential equation is solved via the generalized integral transform technique(GITT),with the solution successfully verified via comparison with results in the literature.A comprehensive analysis of the vibration phenomena and changes in the motion state of the pipe is conducted for three classes of external excitation conditions:same frequency and amplitude(SFSA),same frequency but different amplitudes(SFDA),and different frequencies and amplitudes(DFDA).The numerical results show that with increasing gas volume fraction,the position corresponding to the maximum vibration displacement shifts upward.Compared with conditions without external excitation,the vibration displacement of the pipe conveying two-phase flow under external excitation increases significantly.The frequency of external excitation has a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of a pipe conveying two-phase flow.展开更多
Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsul...Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsulated by a fibrous wall, it is classified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. While PPC is generally asymptomatic in many patients, it can manifest with persistent abdominal pain, dyspepsia, intra-cystic infection, and potentially lead to gastrointestinal obstruction in some cases. Although smaller PPCs may resolve spontaneously, larger PPCs tend to be refractory to absorption and often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as intracystic hemorrhage. Objective: To explore the efficacy of percutaneous catheterization with negative pressure in the treatment of large pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: The cases of large pancreatic pseudocysts treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general condition, operation time, drainage time, feeding time, postoperative complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 132 patients with large pancreatic pseudocysts were collected. The average operation time was 32.4 ± 2.1 min;The retention time of the drainage tube was 30 ± 1.8 days in the percutaneous negative pressure drainage group;The postoperative feeding time was no fasting after local anesthesia drainage;Postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, pancreatic leakage, recurrence, anastomotic leakage, etc.): Two of the 132 patients had recurrent cysts, which were cured by re-puncture and negative pressure drainage. The length of hospital stay was 6 ± 1.1 days;The cost was 11,200 ± 1300 yuan;Follow-up: The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 3 years, and the patients had no discomfort. Conclusion: Percutaneous catheterization and negative pressure drainage can effectively treat large pancreatic pseudocysts. Compared with other treatment methods, it is simple and effective, the postoperative recovery of patients is faster, the physical damage is less, the hospital stay is shorter, and the cost is lower.展开更多
High pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry.Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress aro...High pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry.Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated die-castings.Herein,the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot topic.In addition,HPDC contains externally solidified crystals(ESCs),which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of castings.To achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al-Si alloy,we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr,Ti,Nb,and Ce.Their influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic simulation.Our results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs'size and porosity,while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased porosity.Meanwhile,large-sized Al_3(Zr,Ti)phases formed and degraded the mechanical properties.Subsequent introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.展开更多
The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an ...The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an X-ray computed tomography(X-ray CT)was used,i e,the tomography system of Zeiss Xradia 510 versa.The results indicate that X-CT can monitor the development process and distribution characteristics of the internal cracks of cement pastes under ESA with attack time.In addition,the C3A content in the cement significantly affects the damage mode of cement paste specimens during sulfate erosion.The damage of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)pastes subjected to sulfate attack with high C3A content are severe,while the damage of sulfate resistant Portland cement(SRPC)pastes is much smaller than that of OPC pastes.Furthermore,a quadratic function describes the correlation between the crack volume fraction and development depth for two cement pastes immermed in sulfate solution.展开更多
As oil and gas exploration moves into deeper waters,marine risers are subjected to increasingly complex service conditions,including vessel motions,ocean currents,seabed-soil interactions,and internal flow effects.Thi...As oil and gas exploration moves into deeper waters,marine risers are subjected to increasingly complex service conditions,including vessel motions,ocean currents,seabed-soil interactions,and internal flow effects.This work establishes a dynamic behavior model of steel catenary risers(SCRs)with varying curvatures subjected to internal flow and external currents and considers the effects of pipe-soil interactions on the curvature profile.The governing equation is solved via the generalized integral transform technique(GITT),which yields a semi-analytical solution of a high-order nonlinear partial differential equation.Parametric studies are then performed to analyze the effects of varying curvature on the vibration frequency and amplitude of SCRs.The vibration frequency and amplitude increase with the touchdown angle and hang-off angle,although the effect of the hang-off angle is negligible.Additionally,as the curvature increases along the centerline axis,the position of the maximum amplitude of the SCR moves upward.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pain in the back or pelvis or fear of back pain may affect the timing or cocontraction of the core muscles.In both static and dynamic movements,the Sahrmann core stability test provides an assessment of cor...BACKGROUND Pain in the back or pelvis or fear of back pain may affect the timing or cocontraction of the core muscles.In both static and dynamic movements,the Sahrmann core stability test provides an assessment of core muscle activation and a person's ability to stabilize the lumbopelvic complex.Preparatory cues and images can be used to increase the activation of these muscles.To attain optimal movement patterns,it will be necessary to determine what cueing will give the most effective results for core stability.AIM To investigate the effects of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test.METHODS Total 68 participants(21.83±3.47 years)were randomly allocated to an external(n=35)or internal cue group(n=33).Participants performed the Sahrmann fivelevel core stability test without a cue as baseline and the five-level stability exercises with an internal or external cue.External cue group received a pressure biofeedback unit(PBU),and the internal cue group received an audio cue.A Delsys Trigno^(TM)surface electromyography unit was used for muscle activation from the rectus abdominis,external oblique,and transverse abdominis/internal oblique muscles.RESULTS Linear mixed effects model analysis showed that cueing had a significant effect on core muscle activation(P=0.001);however,there was no significant difference between cue types(internal or external)(P=0.130).CONCLUSION Both external and internal cueing have significant effects on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test and the PBU does not create higher muscle activation than internal cueing.展开更多
Dear Editor,We aimed to describe the management of the intraoperative injury of the right external iliac artery that occurred during robot-assisted right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision.Surgery was sched...Dear Editor,We aimed to describe the management of the intraoperative injury of the right external iliac artery that occurred during robot-assisted right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision.Surgery was scheduled for suspected urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter in a 60-year-old woman.The patient involved in the present research signed a dedicated form to consent to the publication of images and/or information about her.Past medical history included Brugada syndrome diagnosed in 2015,and hypercholesterolemia.Past surgical history included one cesarean section only.Family history included ovarian cancer(sister),colorectal cancer(mother),and kidney cancer(father).展开更多
This study explores whether the current external quality assessment(EQA)level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful.We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in t...This study explores whether the current external quality assessment(EQA)level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful.We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in the Hunan Province(China)in 2022 and searched for data in the published literature from January2000 to December 2023 in China.On the basis of these data,we analyzed the coefficients of variation and acceptable biases of different quality control materials for basic semen analysis through robust statistics.We compared these findings with quality specifications based on biological variation from optimal,desirable,and minimum levels of bias to seek a unified and more suitable semen EQAbias evaluation standard for China's national conditions.Different sources of semen quality control material exhibited considerable variation in acceptable biases among laboratories,ranging from 8.2%to 56.9%.A total of 50.0% of the laboratories met the minimum quality specifications for progressive motility(PR),whereas 100.0%and 75.0%of laboratories met only the minimum quality specifications for sperm concentration and total motility(nonprogressive[NP]+PR),respectively.The Z value for sperm concentration and PR+NP was equivalent to the desirable performance specification,whereas the Z value for PR was equivalent only to the minimum performance specification.This study highlights the feasibility of operating external quality assessment schemes for basic semen analysis using quality specifications based on biological variation.These specifications should be unified among external quality control(EQC)centers based on biological variation.展开更多
Basic life support for cardiac arrest associates cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and defibrillation.CPR relies on chest compressions(CC)and ventilation.Current guidelines on CPR recommend a depth of 5-6 cm at a rhyt...Basic life support for cardiac arrest associates cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and defibrillation.CPR relies on chest compressions(CC)and ventilation.Current guidelines on CPR recommend a depth of 5-6 cm at a rhythm of 100-120 times/min for CC.[1,2]Interruptions of the CC must be as short as possible and are related to ventilation,defibrillation and turnover of the rescuers.Most of the automated external defibrillators(AEDs)require interruptions of the CC to perform rhythm analysis.Among the numerous marketed models of AEDs,some provide real-time feedback about the quality of the CC.展开更多
Metro systems are important transport infrastructures in megacities,and their long-term operational safety is challenged by frequent external disturbances,such as environmental extremes and human construction activ-it...Metro systems are important transport infrastructures in megacities,and their long-term operational safety is challenged by frequent external disturbances,such as environmental extremes and human construction activ-ities.A metro system must be resilient to resist,adapt to,and recover its performance when such disruptions occur.Current studies on metro system resilience often lack a comprehensive view from a complex system perspective,leading to a plethora of choices for methods of analysis and indicators applied to different metro systems and external disturbances.Therefore,the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the topics and works revolving around the resilience of metro systems.It first clarifies the concept of metro system resilience based on classical definitions from a technical perspective.Metro resilience encompasses both the structural and operational aspects of metro systems,including their damage mechanisms,analysis methods and indicators of resilience.Methods for enhancing metro system resilience across structural,operational and monitoring dimensions are explored.Finally,future research directions are discussed,emphasizing the impor-tance of considering the"system of systems"formed by interdependent infrastructure,refining uncertainty analysis,and investigating the opportunities arising from the application of artificial intelligence for improving metro system resilience against external disturbances.展开更多
The metamaterial based on external meshing gears(MEG)is designed based on the principle of external meshing gear transmission.Based on the meshing transmission principle of external meshing gears and planetary gear tr...The metamaterial based on external meshing gears(MEG)is designed based on the principle of external meshing gear transmission.Based on the meshing transmission principle of external meshing gears and planetary gear trains,the internal and external gear rings are designed.Based on the internal and external gear rings,the metamaterial based on inner and outer planetary gear trains(MIP)is designed to study the shear modulus,Young's modulus,and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the metamaterial based on gears at different angles.The effects of the number of planetary gears on the physical characteristics of the MIP are studied.The results show that the MEG can be continuously adjusted by adjusting the shear modulus and Young's modulus due to its meshing characteristics.With the same number of gears,the adjustment range of the MIP is larger than the adjustment range of the MEG.When the number of planetary gears increases,the adjustment range of the MIP decreases.Moreover,when the metamaterial based on gears rotates,the harmonic response changes with the change of the angle.展开更多
Direct numerical simulations of a uniform flow past a fixed spherical droplet are performed to investigate the parameter range within which the axisymmetric flow becomes unstable due to an external flow bifurcation.Th...Direct numerical simulations of a uniform flow past a fixed spherical droplet are performed to investigate the parameter range within which the axisymmetric flow becomes unstable due to an external flow bifurcation.The hydrodynamics is governed by three dimensionless parameters:the viscosity ratioμ*,the external Reynolds numbers Re^(e),and internal Reynolds numbers Re^(i),respectively.The drop-to-fluid density ratio is related to these parameters asρ*=μ*Re^(i)/Re^(e).This study focuses on highly viscous droplets withμ*≥5,where wake instability is driven by the vorticity flux transferred from the droplet surface into the surrounding fluid.By analysing the wake structure,we confirm that the onset of the external bifurcation is linked to the tilting of the azimuthal vorticityωϕ,in the wake and that the bifurcation occurs once the isocontours ofωϕalign nearly perpendicular to the symmetry axis.We propose an empirical criterion for predicting the onset of the external bifurcation,formulated in terms of the maximum vorticity on the external side of the droplet surface.This criterion is applicable for sufficiently high Re^(i) and holds over a wide range ofμ*and Re^(e).Additionally,we examine the bifurcation sequence for two specific external Reynolds numbers,Re^(e)=300 and Re^(e)=500,and show that,beyond a critical viscosity ratio,the axisymmetric wake first transitions to a steady planar-symmetric state before undergoing a secondary Hopf bifurcation.Finally,we highlight the influence of Re^(i) on external bifurcation and show that,at moderate Re^(i),wake instability may set in at a lower vorticity threshold than predicted by our criterion.These findings provide new insights into the external flow bifurcation of viscous droplets.展开更多
[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment combined with Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection in the treatment of herpes zoster oticus(HZO).[Methods...[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment combined with Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection in the treatment of herpes zoster oticus(HZO).[Methods]A total of 100 HZO patients admitted to the 988 th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force and Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected.They were divided into a treatment group and a control group using a random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.Both groups received Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection.Additionally,the treatment group was treated with external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment,while the control group received acyclovir ointment.Both groups were treated for 10 d.The comparisons included clinical efficacy,total symptom and sign scores,pain level[Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)],time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding,incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia(PHN),air conduction hearing threshold,and air-bone gap.[Results]After 10 d of treatment,the total effective rate was 98.00%(49/50)in the treatment group and 84.00%(42/50)in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,the total symptom and sign scores and VAS scores of both groups decreased compared to those before treatment.The treatment group had significantly lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The treatment group showed significantly shorter time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding compared to the control group(P<0.05).During the 1-month follow-up after treatment,no PHN cases occurred in the treatment group,while the incidence of PHN in the control group was 24.00%(12/50),showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,both groups showed reduced air conduction hearing thresholds,and the treatment group exhibited significantly lower air conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps compared to the control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in the air-bone gap before and after treatment in the control group(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The combination of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection can alleviate pain and other discomforts,reduce PHN incidence,shorten disease duration,and improve hearing in HZO patients.展开更多
基金supported by the Shenzhen Educational Research Funding(Grant No.zdzb2014)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.202307313000096)+3 种基金the Social Science Foundation from China’s Ministry of Education(Grant No.23YJA880093)a Post-Doctoral Fellowship(Grant No.2022M711174)the National Center for Mental Health(Grant No.Z014)a Research Excellence Scholarship of Shenzhen University(Grant No.ZYZD2305).
文摘Background:Given the heightened risk of developmental challenges associated with preterm birth,it is crucial to explore interventions that may ameliorate potential adverse outcomes.This study aimed to examine whether meeting the 24-h movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines,which include recommendations on physical activity(PA),screen time(ST),and sleep(SL),is related to indicators of cognitive difficulties,internalizing problems(e.g.,depression and anxiety),and externalizing problems(e.g.,difficulties in making friends and arguing)in a sample of preterm youth(children and adolescents born preterm).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,data from 3410 preterm youth(aged 6 to 17 years)were included for data analyses.Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between meeting the 24-HMB guidelines and the above-mentioned health outcomes,while controlling for sociodemographic and health-related factors.Results:The prevalence of meeting 24-HMB guidelines varied across independent and integrated components of the 24-HMB guidelines.Meeting the ST guideline alone(p<0.05)and integrated guidelines(i.e.,ST+SL and ST+SL+PA)were associated with fewer cognitive difficulties and reduced internalizing and externalizing problems(p<0.05).Specifically,meeting the SL guideline alone and integrated guidelines(i.e.,SL+ST)were associated with lower odds of depression and anxiety(p<0.01).Additionally,meeting independent,and integrated(PA and/or ST)guidelines were associated with less pronounced difficulties in making friends and arguing(p<0.05).Meeting 24-HMB guidelines in an isolated and integrated manner are linked to better cognitive performance and fewer internalizing and externalizing problems in preterm youth.Conclusion:Results suggest that advocating for the implementation of the 24-HMB guidelines may reduce cognitive challenges and behavioral issues,which is of high relevance for improving public health.Future longitudinal studies in preterm youth should investigate how modifying specific 24-HMB behaviors,especially ST,influence cognitive difficulties,internalizing and externalizing problems in this vulnerable population.
基金Supported by the “Reliable and clinical relevant change of Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Ⅱ-IDAS Ⅱ:a longitudinal clinical utility study (RELY-IDAS-Ⅱ)”,project PID2020-116187RB-I00 on Proyectos I+D+i 2020 “Retos del Conocimiento” provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain)by the grant FPU20/06606
文摘Measurement of externalizing disorders such as antisocial disorders,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder or borderline disorder have relevant implications for the daily lives of people with these disorders.While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)and the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)have provided the diagnostic framework for decades,recent dimensional frameworks question the categorical approach of psychopathology,inherent in traditional nosotaxies.Tests and instruments develop under the DSM or ICD framework preferentially adopt this categorical approach,providing diagnostic labels.In contrast,dimensional measurement instruments provide an individualized profile for the domains that comprise the externalizing spectrum,but are less widely used in practice.Current paper aims to review the operational definitions of externalizing disorders defined under these different frameworks,revise the different measurement alternatives existing,and provide an integrative operational definition.First,an analysis of the operational definition of externalizing disorders among the DSM/ICD diagnostic systems and the recent Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology(HiTOP)model is carried out.Then,in order to analyze the coverage of operational definitions found,a description of measurement instruments among each conceptualization is provided.Three phases in the development of the ICD and DSM diagnosis systems can be observed with direct implications for measurement.ICD and DSM versions have progressively introduced systematicity,providing more detailed descriptions of diagnostic criteria and categories that ease the measurement instrument development.However,it is questioned whether the DSM/ICD systems adequately modelize externalizing disorders,and therefore their measurement.More recent theoretical approaches,such as the HiTOP model seek to overcome some of the criticism raised towards the classification systems.Nevertheless,several issues concerning this model raise mesasurement challenges.A revision of the instruments underneath each approach shows incomplete coverage of externalizing disorders among the existing instruments.Efforts to bring nosotaxies together with other theoretical models of psychopathology and personality are still needed.The integrative operational definition of externalizing disorders provided may help to gather clinical practice and research.
文摘School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.
基金a concerted research action on externalizing behavior (Convention ARC 11/16-038)
文摘In preschoolers, externalizing behavior problems are a primary cause of consultation. It is known that externalizing behavior (EB) could result from individual and environmental risk factors. Individual risk factors included notably social cognition (SC) and executive functions (EF). A high level of EB has usually been related to dysfunction in SC and to poor skills in EF. The aim of the present experimental study is to compare the impact of two very targeted child-oriented trainings in the increasing of social competence and decreasing of EB in preschoolers. One training targeted SC abilities while the second one targeted EF capacities. These two trainings were compared on 48 preschoolers presenting clinically relevant levels of EB. The comparison of those results highlighted how each training could help preschoolers with EB in their behavior, emotion regulation and social adjustment. In comparison to a waiting-list control-group, the two trainings were effective in decreasing EB and differentiated impacts of the two trainings were obtained on different dimensions of profiles of social competence and emotion regulation. Results are discussed for their research and clinical implications.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Institutes of Health(R01-ES-018858,K02-ES-019878,K01-ES015877,and P30-ES-013508).
文摘Background A growing body of research has documented the effects of prenatal risk factors on a wide spectrum of adverse offspring health outcomes.Childhood behavior problems,such as externalizing and internalizing problems,are no exception.This comprehensive literature review aims to summarize and synthesize current research about commonly experienced prenatal risk factors associated with internalizing and externalizing problems,with a focus on their impact during childhood and adolescence.Potential mechanisms as well as implications are also outlined.Data sources The EBSCO,Web of Science,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases were searched for studies examining the association between prenatal risk factors and offspring internalizing/externalizing problems,using keywords“prenatal”or“perinatal”or“birth complications”in combination with“internalizing”or“externalizing”.Relevant articles,including experimental research,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies,and theoretical literature,were reviewed and synthesized to form the basis of this integrative review.Results Prenatal risk factors that have been widely investigated with regards to offspring internalizing and externalizing problems encompass health-related risk factors,including maternal overweight/obesity,substance use/abuse,environmental toxicant exposure,maternal infection/inflammation,as well as psychosocial risk factors,including intimate partner violence,and anxiety/depression.Collectively,both epidemiological and experimental studies support the adverse associations between these prenatal factors and increased risk of emotional/behavioral problem development during childhood and beyond.Potential mechanisms of action underlying these associations include hormonal and immune system alterations.Implications include prenatal education,screening,and intervention strategies.Conclusions Prenatal risk factors are associated with a constellation of offspring internalizing and externalizing problems.Identifying these risk factors and understanding potential mechanisms will help to develop effective,evidence-based prevention,and intervention strategies.
基金Supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China.
文摘Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(Grant No.2023Z098)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2023MS05040)+1 种基金Shenyang Collaborative Innovation Center Project for Multiple Energy Fields Composite Processing of Special Materials(Grant No.JG210027)Shenyang Key Technology Special Project of The Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Solution(Grant Nos.2022210101000827,2022-0-43-048).
文摘Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength,strong corrosion resistance,excellent high and low temperature mechanical properties,etc.,and is widely used in aerospace,shipbuilding,weapons and equipment,and other fields.In recent years,with the continuous increase in demand for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,corresponding welding technologies have also continued to develop.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of deep penetration welding technology for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,mainly covering traditional arc welding,high-energy beam welding,and other welding technologies.Among many methods,narrow gap welding,hybrid welding,and external energy field assistance welding all contribute to improving the welding efficiency and quality of medium-thick plate titanium alloys.Finally,the development trend of deep penetration welding technology for mediumthick plate titanium alloys is prospected.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.2022CXGC020405,2023CXGC010415 and 2025TSGCCZZB0238)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171288)the financial support from CNPq,FAPERJ,ANP,Embrapii,and China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC).
文摘This work investigated the dynamic behavior of vertical pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow when subjected to external excitations at both ends.Even with minimal excitation amplitude,resonance can occur when the excitation frequency aligns with the natural frequency of the pipe,significantly increasing the degree of operational risk.The governing equation of motion based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam is derived for the relative deflection with stationary simply supported ends,with the effects of the external excitations represented by source terms distributed along the pipe length.The fourth-order partial differential equation is solved via the generalized integral transform technique(GITT),with the solution successfully verified via comparison with results in the literature.A comprehensive analysis of the vibration phenomena and changes in the motion state of the pipe is conducted for three classes of external excitation conditions:same frequency and amplitude(SFSA),same frequency but different amplitudes(SFDA),and different frequencies and amplitudes(DFDA).The numerical results show that with increasing gas volume fraction,the position corresponding to the maximum vibration displacement shifts upward.Compared with conditions without external excitation,the vibration displacement of the pipe conveying two-phase flow under external excitation increases significantly.The frequency of external excitation has a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of a pipe conveying two-phase flow.
文摘Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsulated by a fibrous wall, it is classified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. While PPC is generally asymptomatic in many patients, it can manifest with persistent abdominal pain, dyspepsia, intra-cystic infection, and potentially lead to gastrointestinal obstruction in some cases. Although smaller PPCs may resolve spontaneously, larger PPCs tend to be refractory to absorption and often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as intracystic hemorrhage. Objective: To explore the efficacy of percutaneous catheterization with negative pressure in the treatment of large pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: The cases of large pancreatic pseudocysts treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general condition, operation time, drainage time, feeding time, postoperative complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 132 patients with large pancreatic pseudocysts were collected. The average operation time was 32.4 ± 2.1 min;The retention time of the drainage tube was 30 ± 1.8 days in the percutaneous negative pressure drainage group;The postoperative feeding time was no fasting after local anesthesia drainage;Postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, pancreatic leakage, recurrence, anastomotic leakage, etc.): Two of the 132 patients had recurrent cysts, which were cured by re-puncture and negative pressure drainage. The length of hospital stay was 6 ± 1.1 days;The cost was 11,200 ± 1300 yuan;Follow-up: The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 3 years, and the patients had no discomfort. Conclusion: Percutaneous catheterization and negative pressure drainage can effectively treat large pancreatic pseudocysts. Compared with other treatment methods, it is simple and effective, the postoperative recovery of patients is faster, the physical damage is less, the hospital stay is shorter, and the cost is lower.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175284 and 52474396)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404201)。
文摘High pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry.Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated die-castings.Herein,the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot topic.In addition,HPDC contains externally solidified crystals(ESCs),which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of castings.To achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al-Si alloy,we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr,Ti,Nb,and Ce.Their influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic simulation.Our results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs'size and porosity,while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased porosity.Meanwhile,large-sized Al_3(Zr,Ti)phases formed and degraded the mechanical properties.Subsequent introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.
基金Funded by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2006224)。
文摘The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an X-ray computed tomography(X-ray CT)was used,i e,the tomography system of Zeiss Xradia 510 versa.The results indicate that X-CT can monitor the development process and distribution characteristics of the internal cracks of cement pastes under ESA with attack time.In addition,the C3A content in the cement significantly affects the damage mode of cement paste specimens during sulfate erosion.The damage of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)pastes subjected to sulfate attack with high C3A content are severe,while the damage of sulfate resistant Portland cement(SRPC)pastes is much smaller than that of OPC pastes.Furthermore,a quadratic function describes the correlation between the crack volume fraction and development depth for two cement pastes immermed in sulfate solution.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52201312).
文摘As oil and gas exploration moves into deeper waters,marine risers are subjected to increasingly complex service conditions,including vessel motions,ocean currents,seabed-soil interactions,and internal flow effects.This work establishes a dynamic behavior model of steel catenary risers(SCRs)with varying curvatures subjected to internal flow and external currents and considers the effects of pipe-soil interactions on the curvature profile.The governing equation is solved via the generalized integral transform technique(GITT),which yields a semi-analytical solution of a high-order nonlinear partial differential equation.Parametric studies are then performed to analyze the effects of varying curvature on the vibration frequency and amplitude of SCRs.The vibration frequency and amplitude increase with the touchdown angle and hang-off angle,although the effect of the hang-off angle is negligible.Additionally,as the curvature increases along the centerline axis,the position of the maximum amplitude of the SCR moves upward.
文摘BACKGROUND Pain in the back or pelvis or fear of back pain may affect the timing or cocontraction of the core muscles.In both static and dynamic movements,the Sahrmann core stability test provides an assessment of core muscle activation and a person's ability to stabilize the lumbopelvic complex.Preparatory cues and images can be used to increase the activation of these muscles.To attain optimal movement patterns,it will be necessary to determine what cueing will give the most effective results for core stability.AIM To investigate the effects of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test.METHODS Total 68 participants(21.83±3.47 years)were randomly allocated to an external(n=35)or internal cue group(n=33).Participants performed the Sahrmann fivelevel core stability test without a cue as baseline and the five-level stability exercises with an internal or external cue.External cue group received a pressure biofeedback unit(PBU),and the internal cue group received an audio cue.A Delsys Trigno^(TM)surface electromyography unit was used for muscle activation from the rectus abdominis,external oblique,and transverse abdominis/internal oblique muscles.RESULTS Linear mixed effects model analysis showed that cueing had a significant effect on core muscle activation(P=0.001);however,there was no significant difference between cue types(internal or external)(P=0.130).CONCLUSION Both external and internal cueing have significant effects on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test and the PBU does not create higher muscle activation than internal cueing.
文摘Dear Editor,We aimed to describe the management of the intraoperative injury of the right external iliac artery that occurred during robot-assisted right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision.Surgery was scheduled for suspected urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter in a 60-year-old woman.The patient involved in the present research signed a dedicated form to consent to the publication of images and/or information about her.Past medical history included Brugada syndrome diagnosed in 2015,and hypercholesterolemia.Past surgical history included one cesarean section only.Family history included ovarian cancer(sister),colorectal cancer(mother),and kidney cancer(father).
基金supported by the Hunan Province Municipal Natural Science Foundation(2022JJ30018)the Hunan Province Health Commission Science Foundation(B202301037899)to WNL。
文摘This study explores whether the current external quality assessment(EQA)level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful.We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in the Hunan Province(China)in 2022 and searched for data in the published literature from January2000 to December 2023 in China.On the basis of these data,we analyzed the coefficients of variation and acceptable biases of different quality control materials for basic semen analysis through robust statistics.We compared these findings with quality specifications based on biological variation from optimal,desirable,and minimum levels of bias to seek a unified and more suitable semen EQAbias evaluation standard for China's national conditions.Different sources of semen quality control material exhibited considerable variation in acceptable biases among laboratories,ranging from 8.2%to 56.9%.A total of 50.0% of the laboratories met the minimum quality specifications for progressive motility(PR),whereas 100.0%and 75.0%of laboratories met only the minimum quality specifications for sperm concentration and total motility(nonprogressive[NP]+PR),respectively.The Z value for sperm concentration and PR+NP was equivalent to the desirable performance specification,whereas the Z value for PR was equivalent only to the minimum performance specification.This study highlights the feasibility of operating external quality assessment schemes for basic semen analysis using quality specifications based on biological variation.These specifications should be unified among external quality control(EQC)centers based on biological variation.
文摘Basic life support for cardiac arrest associates cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and defibrillation.CPR relies on chest compressions(CC)and ventilation.Current guidelines on CPR recommend a depth of 5-6 cm at a rhythm of 100-120 times/min for CC.[1,2]Interruptions of the CC must be as short as possible and are related to ventilation,defibrillation and turnover of the rescuers.Most of the automated external defibrillators(AEDs)require interruptions of the CC to perform rhythm analysis.Among the numerous marketed models of AEDs,some provide real-time feedback about the quality of the CC.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFC3808804National Natural Science Foundation of China NO.52478411+1 种基金China Scholarship Council No.202506260003Jinan Rail Transit Group Co.,Ltd(ggjn-sd-gd2022008fw).
文摘Metro systems are important transport infrastructures in megacities,and their long-term operational safety is challenged by frequent external disturbances,such as environmental extremes and human construction activ-ities.A metro system must be resilient to resist,adapt to,and recover its performance when such disruptions occur.Current studies on metro system resilience often lack a comprehensive view from a complex system perspective,leading to a plethora of choices for methods of analysis and indicators applied to different metro systems and external disturbances.Therefore,the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the topics and works revolving around the resilience of metro systems.It first clarifies the concept of metro system resilience based on classical definitions from a technical perspective.Metro resilience encompasses both the structural and operational aspects of metro systems,including their damage mechanisms,analysis methods and indicators of resilience.Methods for enhancing metro system resilience across structural,operational and monitoring dimensions are explored.Finally,future research directions are discussed,emphasizing the impor-tance of considering the"system of systems"formed by interdependent infrastructure,refining uncertainty analysis,and investigating the opportunities arising from the application of artificial intelligence for improving metro system resilience against external disturbances.
基金supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program of China(Nos.AA23073019 and AA24263074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52265004)+7 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.2024JJG160014)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education of China(No.YCSW2024119)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology of China(No.IMETKF2025021)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance-Central South University of China(No.Kfkt2023-06)the Open Fund of High-end Basic Component Innovation Station of China(No.KY01080030124001)the Open Fund for Academician Mao Ming's Workstation of China(No.XSJSFW-QNKXJ-202404-007)the Technology Innovation Platform Project of China Aviation Engine Group Corporation(No.CXPT-2023-044)the Open Fund for Innovation Workstation in the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Special Zone(Xi'an Jiaotong University).
文摘The metamaterial based on external meshing gears(MEG)is designed based on the principle of external meshing gear transmission.Based on the meshing transmission principle of external meshing gears and planetary gear trains,the internal and external gear rings are designed.Based on the internal and external gear rings,the metamaterial based on inner and outer planetary gear trains(MIP)is designed to study the shear modulus,Young's modulus,and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the metamaterial based on gears at different angles.The effects of the number of planetary gears on the physical characteristics of the MIP are studied.The results show that the MEG can be continuously adjusted by adjusting the shear modulus and Young's modulus due to its meshing characteristics.With the same number of gears,the adjustment range of the MIP is larger than the adjustment range of the MEG.When the number of planetary gears increases,the adjustment range of the MIP decreases.Moreover,when the metamaterial based on gears rotates,the harmonic response changes with the change of the angle.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)(Grant No.501298479)。
文摘Direct numerical simulations of a uniform flow past a fixed spherical droplet are performed to investigate the parameter range within which the axisymmetric flow becomes unstable due to an external flow bifurcation.The hydrodynamics is governed by three dimensionless parameters:the viscosity ratioμ*,the external Reynolds numbers Re^(e),and internal Reynolds numbers Re^(i),respectively.The drop-to-fluid density ratio is related to these parameters asρ*=μ*Re^(i)/Re^(e).This study focuses on highly viscous droplets withμ*≥5,where wake instability is driven by the vorticity flux transferred from the droplet surface into the surrounding fluid.By analysing the wake structure,we confirm that the onset of the external bifurcation is linked to the tilting of the azimuthal vorticityωϕ,in the wake and that the bifurcation occurs once the isocontours ofωϕalign nearly perpendicular to the symmetry axis.We propose an empirical criterion for predicting the onset of the external bifurcation,formulated in terms of the maximum vorticity on the external side of the droplet surface.This criterion is applicable for sufficiently high Re^(i) and holds over a wide range ofμ*and Re^(e).Additionally,we examine the bifurcation sequence for two specific external Reynolds numbers,Re^(e)=300 and Re^(e)=500,and show that,beyond a critical viscosity ratio,the axisymmetric wake first transitions to a steady planar-symmetric state before undergoing a secondary Hopf bifurcation.Finally,we highlight the influence of Re^(i) on external bifurcation and show that,at moderate Re^(i),wake instability may set in at a lower vorticity threshold than predicted by our criterion.These findings provide new insights into the external flow bifurcation of viscous droplets.
基金Supported by the Joint Construction Project of Medical Science and Technology Research Plan in Henan Province(LHGJ20190879).
文摘[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment combined with Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection in the treatment of herpes zoster oticus(HZO).[Methods]A total of 100 HZO patients admitted to the 988 th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force and Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected.They were divided into a treatment group and a control group using a random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.Both groups received Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection.Additionally,the treatment group was treated with external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment,while the control group received acyclovir ointment.Both groups were treated for 10 d.The comparisons included clinical efficacy,total symptom and sign scores,pain level[Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)],time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding,incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia(PHN),air conduction hearing threshold,and air-bone gap.[Results]After 10 d of treatment,the total effective rate was 98.00%(49/50)in the treatment group and 84.00%(42/50)in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,the total symptom and sign scores and VAS scores of both groups decreased compared to those before treatment.The treatment group had significantly lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The treatment group showed significantly shorter time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding compared to the control group(P<0.05).During the 1-month follow-up after treatment,no PHN cases occurred in the treatment group,while the incidence of PHN in the control group was 24.00%(12/50),showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,both groups showed reduced air conduction hearing thresholds,and the treatment group exhibited significantly lower air conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps compared to the control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in the air-bone gap before and after treatment in the control group(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The combination of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection can alleviate pain and other discomforts,reduce PHN incidence,shorten disease duration,and improve hearing in HZO patients.
