Factory-level data from 23 provinces and some national statistical data in cement manufacturing industry and socio-economies in 2012 are used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China＇s cement manuf...Factory-level data from 23 provinces and some national statistical data in cement manufacturing industry and socio-economies in 2012 are used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China＇s cement manufacturing industry by the Extended Exergy Accounting method. This method takes full account of the inclusion of energy and raw material supply and other external factors （capital, labor and environment） into a comprehensive resource cost assessment. The extended exergy consumption and its intensity quantitatively at the provincial levels of cement production were calculated and then the agglomeration level of exergy use at the regional level was also evaluated. Based on this analysis, their spatial difference in size and efficiency of exergy use at the provincial level were identified. Moreover, their regional characteristics were revealed. Some important results could be drawn as follows. First, the invisible social cost accounted for 1/10 of the total exergy use in cement manufacturing industry, while the energy element shared about 9/10. Second, the gross distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry was mainly concentrated in the eastern region like Anhui and Shandong provinces, and in the western region like Sichuan province. In terms of exergy use, the coal and electricity were the highest of energy costs in the eastern region, whereas the cost of capital, labor and external environmental factors highlighted the invisible social cost for cement production in the central and western regions to some extent. Third, the efficiency distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry illustrated an incremental feature from west to east, especially for the energy, labor and capital efficiencies. An evaluation on the environmental efficiency indicated that provinces or regions like Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi have undertaken much higher environmental costs. Fourth, the 23 provinces could be classified into eight groups by the Euclidean distance model using the gross and efficiency results of exergy use. Fifth, the high industry concentration degree is the main driving factor of exergy efficiency improvement for cement manufacturing industry in China.展开更多
利用Melnikov方法研究了Bardeen-Anti de Sitter(AdS)黑洞对周期性微扰的热力学响应以及混沌的发生与演化,探讨了Quintessence暗能量对黑洞的影响.根据规范/引力对偶与扩展相空间的思想,将黑洞看作一个可压缩、具有微小黏性、各向同性...利用Melnikov方法研究了Bardeen-Anti de Sitter(AdS)黑洞对周期性微扰的热力学响应以及混沌的发生与演化,探讨了Quintessence暗能量对黑洞的影响.根据规范/引力对偶与扩展相空间的思想,将黑洞看作一个可压缩、具有微小黏性、各向同性的液体系统.首先对Bardeen-AdS黑洞的相变旋节区施加时间周期性微扰,当微扰的临界振幅γ大于临界振幅γ_(c)时,黑洞会产生热力学混沌现象,该临界值由非线性电磁场(具体体现为磁单极荷β)和初始温度T_(0)共同决定.然后对黑洞施加空间周期性微扰时,任意大小的微扰振幅均会导致黑洞相空间中出现混沌现象.考虑Kiselev的各向同性唯象模型,我们发现Quintessence暗能量对其内包裹黑洞的影响类似于一种热力学意义下的增益/阻尼机制.展开更多
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.XDA05010400 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271547, No.41401644
文摘Factory-level data from 23 provinces and some national statistical data in cement manufacturing industry and socio-economies in 2012 are used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China＇s cement manufacturing industry by the Extended Exergy Accounting method. This method takes full account of the inclusion of energy and raw material supply and other external factors （capital, labor and environment） into a comprehensive resource cost assessment. The extended exergy consumption and its intensity quantitatively at the provincial levels of cement production were calculated and then the agglomeration level of exergy use at the regional level was also evaluated. Based on this analysis, their spatial difference in size and efficiency of exergy use at the provincial level were identified. Moreover, their regional characteristics were revealed. Some important results could be drawn as follows. First, the invisible social cost accounted for 1/10 of the total exergy use in cement manufacturing industry, while the energy element shared about 9/10. Second, the gross distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry was mainly concentrated in the eastern region like Anhui and Shandong provinces, and in the western region like Sichuan province. In terms of exergy use, the coal and electricity were the highest of energy costs in the eastern region, whereas the cost of capital, labor and external environmental factors highlighted the invisible social cost for cement production in the central and western regions to some extent. Third, the efficiency distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry illustrated an incremental feature from west to east, especially for the energy, labor and capital efficiencies. An evaluation on the environmental efficiency indicated that provinces or regions like Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi have undertaken much higher environmental costs. Fourth, the 23 provinces could be classified into eight groups by the Euclidean distance model using the gross and efficiency results of exergy use. Fifth, the high industry concentration degree is the main driving factor of exergy efficiency improvement for cement manufacturing industry in China.
文摘利用Melnikov方法研究了Bardeen-Anti de Sitter(AdS)黑洞对周期性微扰的热力学响应以及混沌的发生与演化,探讨了Quintessence暗能量对黑洞的影响.根据规范/引力对偶与扩展相空间的思想,将黑洞看作一个可压缩、具有微小黏性、各向同性的液体系统.首先对Bardeen-AdS黑洞的相变旋节区施加时间周期性微扰,当微扰的临界振幅γ大于临界振幅γ_(c)时,黑洞会产生热力学混沌现象,该临界值由非线性电磁场(具体体现为磁单极荷β)和初始温度T_(0)共同决定.然后对黑洞施加空间周期性微扰时,任意大小的微扰振幅均会导致黑洞相空间中出现混沌现象.考虑Kiselev的各向同性唯象模型,我们发现Quintessence暗能量对其内包裹黑洞的影响类似于一种热力学意义下的增益/阻尼机制.
