Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers a...Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers an effective way to increase yield and nutrition. Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） systems are a useful genetic tool for hybrid crop breeding, and are ideal models for studying the genetic interaction and cooperative function of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants （Schnable and Wise, 1998; Hanson and Bentolila, 2004）.展开更多
Peptidoglycan recognition protein(PGRP)plays a vital role in invertebrate innate immunity system as a specific pattern recognition receptor for peptidoglycan.Bivalves possess various PGRP systems for self-defense;howe...Peptidoglycan recognition protein(PGRP)plays a vital role in invertebrate innate immunity system as a specific pattern recognition receptor for peptidoglycan.Bivalves possess various PGRP systems for self-defense;however,it has not been characterized in razor clam Sinonovacula constricta.In this study,eight PGRP coding sequences were identified and analyzed from S.constricta genome,which are designated as ScPGRP-S1,ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3,ScPGRP-S4,ScPGRP-S5,ScPGRP-S6,ScPGRP-S7,ScPGRP-S8.The results of molecular evolutionary analyses showed that all eight ScPGRP genes were highly conserved and exhi-bited a typical PGRP/amidase_2 domain as PGRP genes in other mollusks.Moreover,the presence of signal peptides was predicted in ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3 and ScPRP-S6,while a transmembrane structure only existed in ScPGRP-S6.Notably,a tertiary struc-ture analysis indicated that no disulfide bond was observed in ScPGRP-S5 and ScPGRP-S7.The mRNA transcripts analysis of ScPGRPs revealed that the high expression patterns of ScPGRP-S1 and ScPGRP-S4 were found in mantle,adductor muscle and foot,while those of ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3 and ScPGRP-S6 were observed in hepatopancreas.Furthermore,the temporal expression profiles of ScPGRPs in the hepatopancreas were analyzed by qPCR<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction>after Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus challenges.The mRNA expressions of ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3 and ScPGRP-S6 could be induced by V.pa-rahaemolyticus and S.aureus.Overall,our findings indicated that ScPGRPs were involved in the immune defense against invaders,which constituted a comprehensive understanding of the potential role of PGRP genes in S.constricta.展开更多
Tankyrase1(TNKS1)plays an essential role in cancer progression by regulating telomere length.The study aimed to determine expression of TNKS1 and its regulation in colorectal cancer(CRC)in 20 samples from Saudi patien...Tankyrase1(TNKS1)plays an essential role in cancer progression by regulating telomere length.The study aimed to determine expression of TNKS1 and its regulation in colorectal cancer(CRC)in 20 samples from Saudi patients.mRNA expression of TNKS1 in CRC and paired normal tissues was measured by qRT-PCR.Epigenetic modification of TNKS1 promoter was determined by methylation-specific PCR while somatic mutation was analyzed by Sanger sequencing in exon 10 of the gene.All cancerous and normal tissues expressed TNKS1,but level of expression in CRC tissues was significantly associated with tumor stage though no other parameters;age,gender,and tumor location,showed any correlation.Expression of TNKS1 was markedly higher in earlier(I,II)than in later(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)stages of CRC development.Both cancerous and healthy tissues had unmethylated promoters.Sanger sequencing of exon 10 masked any somatic mutation in the samples.Our findings suggest that up-regulation of TNKS1 was inversely correlated with cancer progression in CRC,indicating that TNKS1 participates in the initiation of CRC by stabilizing telomere length in the first phase of cancer progression.Mechanisms other than TNKS1 might play a role in malignant tumor progression and telomere maintenance in the late stages of CRC.展开更多
A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,...A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,and profound religious and cultural significance.With the acceleration of globalization,this symbol of Tibetan culture that combines artistic expression with spirituality has become a bridge for cultural exchange between the East and the West.Recently,China Today spoke to Yixi Puncog,art collector and council member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture,to learn more about Thangka art,its role in international exchange,and how it is enhancing China’s cultural soft power.展开更多
Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for sign...Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for signal transduction.The plasticity of spine morphologies provides a tunable handle to regulate calcium signal dynamics,allowing rapid regulation of protein expression necessary to establish and maintain synapses(Cornejo et al.,2022).If excitatory inputs were to be located primarily on dendritic shafts,dendrites would frequently short-circuit,preventing voltage signals from propagating(Cornejo et al.,2022).It is thus not surprising that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is closely linked to synaptic plasticity and memory formation(Berry and Nedivi,2017).While comprehensive in vitro studies have been conducted,in vivo studies that directly tackle the mechanism of dendritic transport and translation in regulating spine plasticity spatiotemporally are limited.展开更多
Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological s...Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological stimuli.These functional states can be visualized using a combination of multi-omics techniques(e.g.,gene and protein expression,posttranslational modifications,mRNA profiling,and metabolomics),and,in the case of homeostatic microglia,are largely defined by the global(e.g.,genetic variations,organism’s age,sex,circadian rhythms,and gut microbiota)as well as local(specific area of the brain,immediate microglial surrounding,neuron-glia interactions and synaptic density/activity)signals(Paolicelli et al.,2022).While phenomics(i.e.,ultrastructural microglial morphology and motility)is also one of the key microglial state-defining parameters,it is known that cells with similar morphology can belong to different functional states.展开更多
Vegetative growth of Chinese cabbage undergoes the four successive stages which are characterized with the definite types of juvenile, rosette, folding and head leaves. From shoot tips of Chinese cabbage at early fold...Vegetative growth of Chinese cabbage undergoes the four successive stages which are characterized with the definite types of juvenile, rosette, folding and head leaves. From shoot tips of Chinese cabbage at early folding stage, we constructed a cDNA library and screened the differentially expressed cDNA clones using the cDNAs derived from developing folding leaves and rosette leaves as probes. One complete length of cDNA clone is designated as BcpLH. Computer alignment matched BcpLH to the domains of double-stranded RNA binding (DBRM) and the homologous regions were recognized between BcpLH and human and mouse double-stranded RNA-binding protein TRBP. PCR expression analysis shows that during vegetative growth BcpLH gene was expressed preferentially in folding leaves at folding stage. Transcripts of BcpLH gene were increased when plants were sprayed with IAA. It is deduced that BcpLH gene may be related to initiation of folding leaf and leafy head and induced by auxin in the aspect of transcriptional expression.展开更多
The voltage-dependent anion channel （VDAC） plays an essential role in the permeability of mltochondrial membrane. In the present study, we isolated a novel VDAC gene （brvdac） based on the assembly of expressed seq...The voltage-dependent anion channel （VDAC） plays an essential role in the permeability of mltochondrial membrane. In the present study, we isolated a novel VDAC gene （brvdac） based on the assembly of expressed sequence tag sequences from Brassica rapa L. and explored its differential expression patterns In growth, tissues, abiotlc stress, and stress recovery. Results of a tissue-specific expression study in young seedlings Indicated that, of all tissues tested, brvdac expression was the highest in the leaves. Under cold, drought, and salt stresses, brvdac expression showed a transient Increase, and then returned to normal levels when the stress was removed. When plants were exposed to heat shock, there was no Increase in brvdac expression, whereas during recovery a quick and considerable increase in expression was observed. These observations indicate that dissimilar modulations of brvdactranscription may occur when plant cells encounter heat shock and the other three types of stress. In addition, phylogenetic analysis Implied that an earlier duplication of vdac probably occurred before the divergence between monocotyledons and dicotyledons.展开更多
The rice （Oryza sativa L.） Xa3/Xa26 gene, conferring race-specific resistance to bacterial blight disease and encoding a leucine-rich repeat （LRR） receptor kinase-like protein, belongs to a multigene family consis...The rice （Oryza sativa L.） Xa3/Xa26 gene, conferring race-specific resistance to bacterial blight disease and encoding a leucine-rich repeat （LRR） receptor kinase-like protein, belongs to a multigene family consisting of tandem clustered homologous genes, colocalizing with several uncharacterized genes for resistance to bacterial blight or fungal blast. To provide more information on the expressional and biochemical characteristics of the Xa3/Xa26 family, we analyzed the family members. Four Xa3/Xa26 family members in the indica rice variety Teqing, which carries a bacterial blight resistance gene with a chromosomal location tightly linked to Xa3/Xa26, and five Xa3/Xa26 family members in the japonica rice variety Nipponbare, which carries at least one uncharacterized blast resistance gene, were constitutively expressed in leaf tissue. The result suggests that some of the family members may be candidates of these uncharacterized resistance genes. At least five putative N-glycosylation sites in the LRR domain of XA3/XA26 protein are not glycosylated. The XA3/XA26 and its family members MRKa and MRKc all possess the consensus sequences of paired cysteines, which putatively function in dimerization of the receptor proteins for signal transduction, immediately before the first LRR and immediately after the last LRR. However, no homo-dimer between the XA3/XA26 molecules or hetero-dimer between XA3/XA26 and MRKa or MRKc were formed, indicating that XA3/XA26 protein might function either as a monomer or a hetero-dimer formed with other protein outside of the XA3/XA26 family. These results provide valuable information for further extensive investigation into this multiple protein family.展开更多
Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional memories.These receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor...Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional memories.These receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.The ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous system.Insights gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent deficits.Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.Olfa ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian body.This ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory receptors.In addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing microbiota.The analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation mechanisms.This review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative processes.Evidence suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous system injuries.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.展开更多
Artificial intelligence,such as deep learning technology,has advanced the study of facial expression recognition since facial expression carries rich emotional information and is significant for many naturalistic situ...Artificial intelligence,such as deep learning technology,has advanced the study of facial expression recognition since facial expression carries rich emotional information and is significant for many naturalistic situations.To pursue a high facial expression recognition accuracy,the network model of deep learning is generally designed to be very deep while the model’s real-time performance is typically constrained and limited.With MobileNetV3,a lightweight model with a good accuracy,a further study is conducted by adding a basic ResNet module to each of its existing modules and an SSH(Single Stage Headless Face Detector)context module to expand the model’s perceptual field.In this article,the enhanced model named Res-MobileNetV3,could alleviate the subpar of real-time performance and compress the size of large network models,which can process information at a rate of up to 33 frames per second.Although the improved model has been verified to be slightly inferior to the current state-of-the-art method in aspect of accuracy rate on the publically available face expression datasets,it can bring a good balance on accuracy,real-time performance,model size and model complexity in practical applications.展开更多
Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating...Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating the regulation of AMPK on mitochondrial functions and mitophagy by next generation RNA-seq.Methods:We compared ATP production in protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1/2(PRKAA1/2)knockdown(AKD)and control BeWo cells using the Seahorse real-time ATP rate test,then analyzed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq.Differentially expressed genes(DEG)were examined by Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment.Then protein-protein interactions(PPI)among mitochondria related genes were fur-ther analyzed using Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software.Results:Both mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in AKD cells were lower than in the control BeWo cells(CT),with a greater reduction of mitochondrial ATP production.A total of 1092 DEGs were identified,with 405 upregulated and 687 downregulated.GO analysis identified 60 genes associated with the term‘mitochon-drion’in the cellular component domain.PPI analysis identified three clusters of mito-chondria related genes,including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 and B15(AKR1B10,AKR1B15),alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1(AARS1),mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6(MRPS6),mitochondrial calcium uniporter dominant negative subunit beta(MCUB)and dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2(DBT).Conclusions:In summary,this study identified multiple mitochondria related genes regulated by AMPK in BeWo cells,and among them,three clusters of genes may po-tentially contribute to altered mitochondrial functions in response to reduced AMPK signaling.展开更多
The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the ...The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the SCF complex and degraded by the 26S protease accounts for the bulk of the available self-incompatibility studies.In this study,15 ClSKP1s from the‘Xiangshui'lemon genome and ubiquitome exist in the same SKP1 conserved domain(CD)as SKP1s in other species.The q PCR results showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 have tissue expression patterns specific for expression in pollen.In addition,SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 in the stigma,style and ovary were significantly upregulated after self-pollination compared to those after cross-pollination.A subcellular location showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 were located in the nucleus.In addition,yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays,bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and luciferase complementation imaging(LCI)assays showed that SKP1-6 interacted with F-box1,F-box33,F-box34,F-box17,F-box19,Cullin1-2 and 26S proteasome subunit 4 homolog A(26S PS4HA).SKP1-14 interacted with F-box17,F-box19,F-box35,Cullin1-2 and 26S PS4HA.The interaction of Cullin1-2 and the F-box with SKP1 as a bridge was verified by a yeast three-hybrid experiment.The ability of S3-RNase to inhibit pollen and pollen tube growth and development was assessed using in vitro pollen co-culture experiments with recombinant S3-RNase proteins.Overall,this study provides important experimental evidence and theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants by revealing the key role of the SCF complex in‘Xiangshui'lemon,which is bridged by ClSKP1-6,in self-incompatibility.The results of this study are of great significance for the future indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of the SCF complex and its wide application in the self-incompatibility of plants.展开更多
Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confi...Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confirmed that OsADCS and OsGTPCHI,encoding the initial enzymes necessary for folate synthesis,positively regulate folate accumulation in knockout mutants of both japonica and indica rice backgrounds.The folate content in the low-folate japonica variety was slightly increased by the expression of the indica alleles driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.We further obtained co-expression lines by stacking OsADCS and OsGTPCHI genes;the folate accumulation in brown rice and polished rice reached 5.65μg/g and 2.95μg/g,respectively,representing 37.9-fold and 26.5-fold increases compared with the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis of rice grains from six transgenic lines showed that folate changes affected biological pathways involved in the synthesis and metabolism of rice seed storage substances,while the expression of other folate synthesis genes was weakly regulated.In addition,we identified Aus rice as a high-folate germplasm carrying superior haplotypes of OsADCS and OsGTPCHI through natural variation.This study provides an alternative and effective complementary strategy for rice biofortification,promoting the rational combination of metabolic engineering and conventional breeding to breed high-folate varieties.展开更多
Frequent drought events severely restrict global crop productivity,especially those occurring in the reproductive stages.Moderate drought priming during the earlier growth stages is a promising strategy for allowing p...Frequent drought events severely restrict global crop productivity,especially those occurring in the reproductive stages.Moderate drought priming during the earlier growth stages is a promising strategy for allowing plants to resist recurrent severe drought stress.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we subjected wheat plants to drought priming during the vegetative growth stage and to severe drought stress at 10 days after anthesis.We then collected leaf samples at the ends of the drought priming and recovery periods,and at the end of drought stress for transcriptome sequencing in combination with phenotypic and physiological analyses.The drought-primed wheat plants maintained a lower plant temperature,with higher stomatal openness and photosynthesis,thereby resulting in much lower 1,000-grain weight and grain yield losses under the later drought stress than the non-primed plants.Interestingly,416 genes,including 27 transcription factors(e.g.,MYB,NAC,HSF),seemed to be closely related to the improved drought tolerance as indicated by the dynamic transcriptome analysis.Moreover,the candidate genes showed six temporal expression patterns and were significantly enriched in several stress response related pathways,such as plant hormone signal transduction,starch and sucrose metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,inositol phosphate metabolism,and wax synthesis.These findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the long-term effects of early drought priming that can effectively improve drought tolerance in wheat,and may provide potential approaches for addressing the challenges of increasing abiotic stresses and securing food safety under global warming scenarios.展开更多
Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a qua...Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.展开更多
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IIRI)is a complex and severe pathophysiological process characterized by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.In recent years,the critical roles of extracellular matrix(EC...Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IIRI)is a complex and severe pathophysiological process characterized by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.In recent years,the critical roles of extracellular matrix(ECM)genes and microRNAs(miRNAs)in IIRI have garnered widespread attention.This review aims to systematically summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ECM gene sets and miRNA regulatory networks in IIRI.First,we review the molecular mechanisms of IIRI,focusing on the dual role of the ECM in tissue injury and repair processes.The expression changes and functions of ECM components such as collagen,elastin,and matrix metalloproteinases during IIRI progression are deeply analyzed.Second,we systematically summarize the regulatory roles of miRNAs in IIRI,particularly the mechanisms and functions of miRNAs such as miR-125b and miR-200a in regulating inflammation,apoptosis,and ECM remodeling.Additionally,this review discusses potential diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies based on ECM genes and miRNAs.We extensively evaluate the prospects of miRNA-targeted therapy and ECM component modulation in preventing and treating IIRI,emphasizing the clinical translational potential of these emerging therapies.In conclusion,the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ECM gene sets and miRNA regulatory networks in IIRI provides new directions for further research,necessitating additional clinical and basic studies to validate and expand these findings for improving clinical outcomes in IIRI patients.展开更多
Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous system.Recent evidence has challenged the classical view of the functio...Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous system.Recent evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to axons.Despite the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is lacking.We delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocytes.Indeed,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination preferences.Furthermore,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system region.Age and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric disorders.Nevertheless,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined investigations.Future studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity.Such research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,hold promise for the development of therapeutic interventions targeting varied central nervous system pathology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11%in the United States.As for other types of tumors,such as colorec...BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11%in the United States.As for other types of tumors,such as colorectal cancer,aberrant de novo lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism have been suggested to be associated with PDAC development and progression.AIM To identify the possible involvement of lipid metabolism in PDAC by analyzing in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues the expression level of the most relevant genes involved in the long-chain fatty acid(FA)import into cell.METHODS A gene expression analysis of FASN,CD36,SLC27A1,SLC27A2,SLC27A3,SLC27A4,SLC27A5,ACSL1,and ACSL3 was performed by qRT-PCR in 24 tumoral PDAC tissues and 11 samples from non-tumoral pancreatic tissues obtained via fine needle aspiration or via surgical resection.The genes were considered significantly dysregulated between the groups when the p value was<0.05 and the fold change(FC)was≤0.5 and≥2.RESULTS We found that three FA transporters and two long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases genes were significantly upregulated in the PDAC tissue compared to the non-tumoral tissue:SLC27A2(FC=5.66;P=0.033),SLC27A3(FC=2.68;P=0.040),SLC27A4(FC=3.13;P=0.033),ACSL1(FC=4.10;P<0.001),and ACSL3(FC=2.67;P=0.012).We further investigated any possible association between the levels of the analyzed mRNAs and the specific characteristics of the tumors,including the anatomic location,the lymph node involvement,and the presence of metastasis.A significant difference in the expression of SLC27A3(FC=3.28;P=0.040)was found comparing patients with and without lymph nodes involvement with an overexpression of this transcript in 17 patients presenting tumoral cells in the lymph nodes.CONCLUSION Despite the low number of patients analyzed,these preliminary results seem to be promising.Addressing lipid metabolism through a broad strategy could be a beneficial way to treat this malignancy.Future in vitro and in vivo studies on these genes may offer important insights into the mechanisms linking PDAC with the long-chain FA import pathway.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30971844)the Fundamental Research Funds of Northwest A & F University(No. QN2011003)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation to Wang Junwei(No.20070410835)the Tang Zhong-Ying Breeding Funding Project of Northwest A & F University
文摘Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers an effective way to increase yield and nutrition. Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） systems are a useful genetic tool for hybrid crop breeding, and are ideal models for studying the genetic interaction and cooperative function of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants （Schnable and Wise, 1998; Hanson and Bentolila, 2004）.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0901405)the Zhejiang Major Program of Science and Technology(No.2016C02055-9)+1 种基金the Ningbo Major Project of Science and Technology(No.2019B10005)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,National Marine Genetic Resource Center Program.
文摘Peptidoglycan recognition protein(PGRP)plays a vital role in invertebrate innate immunity system as a specific pattern recognition receptor for peptidoglycan.Bivalves possess various PGRP systems for self-defense;however,it has not been characterized in razor clam Sinonovacula constricta.In this study,eight PGRP coding sequences were identified and analyzed from S.constricta genome,which are designated as ScPGRP-S1,ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3,ScPGRP-S4,ScPGRP-S5,ScPGRP-S6,ScPGRP-S7,ScPGRP-S8.The results of molecular evolutionary analyses showed that all eight ScPGRP genes were highly conserved and exhi-bited a typical PGRP/amidase_2 domain as PGRP genes in other mollusks.Moreover,the presence of signal peptides was predicted in ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3 and ScPRP-S6,while a transmembrane structure only existed in ScPGRP-S6.Notably,a tertiary struc-ture analysis indicated that no disulfide bond was observed in ScPGRP-S5 and ScPGRP-S7.The mRNA transcripts analysis of ScPGRPs revealed that the high expression patterns of ScPGRP-S1 and ScPGRP-S4 were found in mantle,adductor muscle and foot,while those of ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3 and ScPGRP-S6 were observed in hepatopancreas.Furthermore,the temporal expression profiles of ScPGRPs in the hepatopancreas were analyzed by qPCR<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction>after Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus challenges.The mRNA expressions of ScPGRP-S2,ScPGRP-S3 and ScPGRP-S6 could be induced by V.pa-rahaemolyticus and S.aureus.Overall,our findings indicated that ScPGRPs were involved in the immune defense against invaders,which constituted a comprehensive understanding of the potential role of PGRP genes in S.constricta.
基金funded by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST),grant number(1-17-01-001-0056).
文摘Tankyrase1(TNKS1)plays an essential role in cancer progression by regulating telomere length.The study aimed to determine expression of TNKS1 and its regulation in colorectal cancer(CRC)in 20 samples from Saudi patients.mRNA expression of TNKS1 in CRC and paired normal tissues was measured by qRT-PCR.Epigenetic modification of TNKS1 promoter was determined by methylation-specific PCR while somatic mutation was analyzed by Sanger sequencing in exon 10 of the gene.All cancerous and normal tissues expressed TNKS1,but level of expression in CRC tissues was significantly associated with tumor stage though no other parameters;age,gender,and tumor location,showed any correlation.Expression of TNKS1 was markedly higher in earlier(I,II)than in later(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)stages of CRC development.Both cancerous and healthy tissues had unmethylated promoters.Sanger sequencing of exon 10 masked any somatic mutation in the samples.Our findings suggest that up-regulation of TNKS1 was inversely correlated with cancer progression in CRC,indicating that TNKS1 participates in the initiation of CRC by stabilizing telomere length in the first phase of cancer progression.Mechanisms other than TNKS1 might play a role in malignant tumor progression and telomere maintenance in the late stages of CRC.
文摘A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,and profound religious and cultural significance.With the acceleration of globalization,this symbol of Tibetan culture that combines artistic expression with spirituality has become a bridge for cultural exchange between the East and the West.Recently,China Today spoke to Yixi Puncog,art collector and council member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture,to learn more about Thangka art,its role in international exchange,and how it is enhancing China’s cultural soft power.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC/RGC/JRF N_HKU735/21)Research Grant Council of Hong Kong,China(17102120,17108821,17103922,C1024-22GF,C7074-21G)+1 种基金Health and Medical Research Fund(HMRF 09200966)(to CSWL)FRQS Postdoctoral Fellowship(to AHKF).
文摘Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for signal transduction.The plasticity of spine morphologies provides a tunable handle to regulate calcium signal dynamics,allowing rapid regulation of protein expression necessary to establish and maintain synapses(Cornejo et al.,2022).If excitatory inputs were to be located primarily on dendritic shafts,dendrites would frequently short-circuit,preventing voltage signals from propagating(Cornejo et al.,2022).It is thus not surprising that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is closely linked to synaptic plasticity and memory formation(Berry and Nedivi,2017).While comprehensive in vitro studies have been conducted,in vivo studies that directly tackle the mechanism of dendritic transport and translation in regulating spine plasticity spatiotemporally are limited.
基金supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,German Research Foundation grant GA 654/13-2 to OG.
文摘Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological stimuli.These functional states can be visualized using a combination of multi-omics techniques(e.g.,gene and protein expression,posttranslational modifications,mRNA profiling,and metabolomics),and,in the case of homeostatic microglia,are largely defined by the global(e.g.,genetic variations,organism’s age,sex,circadian rhythms,and gut microbiota)as well as local(specific area of the brain,immediate microglial surrounding,neuron-glia interactions and synaptic density/activity)signals(Paolicelli et al.,2022).While phenomics(i.e.,ultrastructural microglial morphology and motility)is also one of the key microglial state-defining parameters,it is known that cells with similar morphology can belong to different functional states.
文摘Vegetative growth of Chinese cabbage undergoes the four successive stages which are characterized with the definite types of juvenile, rosette, folding and head leaves. From shoot tips of Chinese cabbage at early folding stage, we constructed a cDNA library and screened the differentially expressed cDNA clones using the cDNAs derived from developing folding leaves and rosette leaves as probes. One complete length of cDNA clone is designated as BcpLH. Computer alignment matched BcpLH to the domains of double-stranded RNA binding (DBRM) and the homologous regions were recognized between BcpLH and human and mouse double-stranded RNA-binding protein TRBP. PCR expression analysis shows that during vegetative growth BcpLH gene was expressed preferentially in folding leaves at folding stage. Transcripts of BcpLH gene were increased when plants were sprayed with IAA. It is deduced that BcpLH gene may be related to initiation of folding leaf and leafy head and induced by auxin in the aspect of transcriptional expression.
文摘The voltage-dependent anion channel （VDAC） plays an essential role in the permeability of mltochondrial membrane. In the present study, we isolated a novel VDAC gene （brvdac） based on the assembly of expressed sequence tag sequences from Brassica rapa L. and explored its differential expression patterns In growth, tissues, abiotlc stress, and stress recovery. Results of a tissue-specific expression study in young seedlings Indicated that, of all tissues tested, brvdac expression was the highest in the leaves. Under cold, drought, and salt stresses, brvdac expression showed a transient Increase, and then returned to normal levels when the stress was removed. When plants were exposed to heat shock, there was no Increase in brvdac expression, whereas during recovery a quick and considerable increase in expression was observed. These observations indicate that dissimilar modulations of brvdactranscription may occur when plant cells encounter heat shock and the other three types of stress. In addition, phylogenetic analysis Implied that an earlier duplication of vdac probably occurred before the divergence between monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
基金Supported by the National Program on the Development of Basic Research in China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808）.
文摘The rice （Oryza sativa L.） Xa3/Xa26 gene, conferring race-specific resistance to bacterial blight disease and encoding a leucine-rich repeat （LRR） receptor kinase-like protein, belongs to a multigene family consisting of tandem clustered homologous genes, colocalizing with several uncharacterized genes for resistance to bacterial blight or fungal blast. To provide more information on the expressional and biochemical characteristics of the Xa3/Xa26 family, we analyzed the family members. Four Xa3/Xa26 family members in the indica rice variety Teqing, which carries a bacterial blight resistance gene with a chromosomal location tightly linked to Xa3/Xa26, and five Xa3/Xa26 family members in the japonica rice variety Nipponbare, which carries at least one uncharacterized blast resistance gene, were constitutively expressed in leaf tissue. The result suggests that some of the family members may be candidates of these uncharacterized resistance genes. At least five putative N-glycosylation sites in the LRR domain of XA3/XA26 protein are not glycosylated. The XA3/XA26 and its family members MRKa and MRKc all possess the consensus sequences of paired cysteines, which putatively function in dimerization of the receptor proteins for signal transduction, immediately before the first LRR and immediately after the last LRR. However, no homo-dimer between the XA3/XA26 molecules or hetero-dimer between XA3/XA26 and MRKa or MRKc were formed, indicating that XA3/XA26 protein might function either as a monomer or a hetero-dimer formed with other protein outside of the XA3/XA26 family. These results provide valuable information for further extensive investigation into this multiple protein family.
文摘Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional memories.These receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.The ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous system.Insights gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent deficits.Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.Olfa ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian body.This ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory receptors.In addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing microbiota.The analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation mechanisms.This review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative processes.Evidence suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous system injuries.
基金Supported by Maulana Azad National Fellowship,University Grants Commission,New Delhi,and Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi,No.AS[82-27/2019(SA III)]DBT-BUILDER-University of Lucknow Interdisciplinary Life Science Programme for Advance Research and Education(Level II),No.TG(BT/INF/22/SP47623/2022).
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.
基金supported by China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(No.2021YJ127).
文摘Artificial intelligence,such as deep learning technology,has advanced the study of facial expression recognition since facial expression carries rich emotional information and is significant for many naturalistic situations.To pursue a high facial expression recognition accuracy,the network model of deep learning is generally designed to be very deep while the model’s real-time performance is typically constrained and limited.With MobileNetV3,a lightweight model with a good accuracy,a further study is conducted by adding a basic ResNet module to each of its existing modules and an SSH(Single Stage Headless Face Detector)context module to expand the model’s perceptual field.In this article,the enhanced model named Res-MobileNetV3,could alleviate the subpar of real-time performance and compress the size of large network models,which can process information at a rate of up to 33 frames per second.Although the improved model has been verified to be slightly inferior to the current state-of-the-art method in aspect of accuracy rate on the publically available face expression datasets,it can bring a good balance on accuracy,real-time performance,model size and model complexity in practical applications.
基金Dean's Office Howard University College of Medicine,Grant/Award Number:Bridge Fund/Pilot Study AwardNational Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities,Grant/Award Number:RCMI/IDC Award U54MD007597National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,Grant/Award Number:R03HD095417 and R16HD116702。
文摘Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating the regulation of AMPK on mitochondrial functions and mitophagy by next generation RNA-seq.Methods:We compared ATP production in protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1/2(PRKAA1/2)knockdown(AKD)and control BeWo cells using the Seahorse real-time ATP rate test,then analyzed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq.Differentially expressed genes(DEG)were examined by Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment.Then protein-protein interactions(PPI)among mitochondria related genes were fur-ther analyzed using Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software.Results:Both mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in AKD cells were lower than in the control BeWo cells(CT),with a greater reduction of mitochondrial ATP production.A total of 1092 DEGs were identified,with 405 upregulated and 687 downregulated.GO analysis identified 60 genes associated with the term‘mitochon-drion’in the cellular component domain.PPI analysis identified three clusters of mito-chondria related genes,including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 and B15(AKR1B10,AKR1B15),alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1(AARS1),mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6(MRPS6),mitochondrial calcium uniporter dominant negative subunit beta(MCUB)and dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2(DBT).Conclusions:In summary,this study identified multiple mitochondria related genes regulated by AMPK in BeWo cells,and among them,three clusters of genes may po-tentially contribute to altered mitochondrial functions in response to reduced AMPK signaling.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31960585)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Grant No.Guike AA22068092)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Vanguard Special Action Project(Grant No.202204)State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(Grant Nos.SKLCUSA-a201906,SKLCU-SA-c201901)。
文摘The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the SCF complex and degraded by the 26S protease accounts for the bulk of the available self-incompatibility studies.In this study,15 ClSKP1s from the‘Xiangshui'lemon genome and ubiquitome exist in the same SKP1 conserved domain(CD)as SKP1s in other species.The q PCR results showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 have tissue expression patterns specific for expression in pollen.In addition,SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 in the stigma,style and ovary were significantly upregulated after self-pollination compared to those after cross-pollination.A subcellular location showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 were located in the nucleus.In addition,yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays,bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and luciferase complementation imaging(LCI)assays showed that SKP1-6 interacted with F-box1,F-box33,F-box34,F-box17,F-box19,Cullin1-2 and 26S proteasome subunit 4 homolog A(26S PS4HA).SKP1-14 interacted with F-box17,F-box19,F-box35,Cullin1-2 and 26S PS4HA.The interaction of Cullin1-2 and the F-box with SKP1 as a bridge was verified by a yeast three-hybrid experiment.The ability of S3-RNase to inhibit pollen and pollen tube growth and development was assessed using in vitro pollen co-culture experiments with recombinant S3-RNase proteins.Overall,this study provides important experimental evidence and theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants by revealing the key role of the SCF complex in‘Xiangshui'lemon,which is bridged by ClSKP1-6,in self-incompatibility.The results of this study are of great significance for the future indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of the SCF complex and its wide application in the self-incompatibility of plants.
基金supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202403)。
文摘Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confirmed that OsADCS and OsGTPCHI,encoding the initial enzymes necessary for folate synthesis,positively regulate folate accumulation in knockout mutants of both japonica and indica rice backgrounds.The folate content in the low-folate japonica variety was slightly increased by the expression of the indica alleles driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.We further obtained co-expression lines by stacking OsADCS and OsGTPCHI genes;the folate accumulation in brown rice and polished rice reached 5.65μg/g and 2.95μg/g,respectively,representing 37.9-fold and 26.5-fold increases compared with the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis of rice grains from six transgenic lines showed that folate changes affected biological pathways involved in the synthesis and metabolism of rice seed storage substances,while the expression of other folate synthesis genes was weakly regulated.In addition,we identified Aus rice as a high-folate germplasm carrying superior haplotypes of OsADCS and OsGTPCHI through natural variation.This study provides an alternative and effective complementary strategy for rice biofortification,promoting the rational combination of metabolic engineering and conventional breeding to breed high-folate varieties.
基金supported by the projects of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300202)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241543)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272213,32030076,U1803235,and 32021004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XUEKEN2023013)the Jiangsu Innovation Support Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation Project,China(BZ2023049)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(22)1006)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China(JCIC-MCP)。
文摘Frequent drought events severely restrict global crop productivity,especially those occurring in the reproductive stages.Moderate drought priming during the earlier growth stages is a promising strategy for allowing plants to resist recurrent severe drought stress.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we subjected wheat plants to drought priming during the vegetative growth stage and to severe drought stress at 10 days after anthesis.We then collected leaf samples at the ends of the drought priming and recovery periods,and at the end of drought stress for transcriptome sequencing in combination with phenotypic and physiological analyses.The drought-primed wheat plants maintained a lower plant temperature,with higher stomatal openness and photosynthesis,thereby resulting in much lower 1,000-grain weight and grain yield losses under the later drought stress than the non-primed plants.Interestingly,416 genes,including 27 transcription factors(e.g.,MYB,NAC,HSF),seemed to be closely related to the improved drought tolerance as indicated by the dynamic transcriptome analysis.Moreover,the candidate genes showed six temporal expression patterns and were significantly enriched in several stress response related pathways,such as plant hormone signal transduction,starch and sucrose metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,inositol phosphate metabolism,and wax synthesis.These findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the long-term effects of early drought priming that can effectively improve drought tolerance in wheat,and may provide potential approaches for addressing the challenges of increasing abiotic stresses and securing food safety under global warming scenarios.
基金2024 Provincial Teaching Reform Program for Graduate Students in the Second Batch of the 14th Five-Year Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Office of Education:Innovation and Practice of“Six Synergistic”Graduate Teaching Guided by Educator’s Spirit(No.JGCG2024406)Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote students’computational thinking from multiple analytical perspectives[No.2025SB103].
文摘Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.
基金Supported by Health Science and Technology Programme of Zhejiang Province,No.2022KY1391.
文摘Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IIRI)is a complex and severe pathophysiological process characterized by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.In recent years,the critical roles of extracellular matrix(ECM)genes and microRNAs(miRNAs)in IIRI have garnered widespread attention.This review aims to systematically summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ECM gene sets and miRNA regulatory networks in IIRI.First,we review the molecular mechanisms of IIRI,focusing on the dual role of the ECM in tissue injury and repair processes.The expression changes and functions of ECM components such as collagen,elastin,and matrix metalloproteinases during IIRI progression are deeply analyzed.Second,we systematically summarize the regulatory roles of miRNAs in IIRI,particularly the mechanisms and functions of miRNAs such as miR-125b and miR-200a in regulating inflammation,apoptosis,and ECM remodeling.Additionally,this review discusses potential diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies based on ECM genes and miRNAs.We extensively evaluate the prospects of miRNA-targeted therapy and ECM component modulation in preventing and treating IIRI,emphasizing the clinical translational potential of these emerging therapies.In conclusion,the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ECM gene sets and miRNA regulatory networks in IIRI provides new directions for further research,necessitating additional clinical and basic studies to validate and expand these findings for improving clinical outcomes in IIRI patients.
基金supported by a grant from the Progressive MS Alliance(BRAVE in MS)Le Grand Portage Fund。
文摘Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous system.Recent evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to axons.Despite the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is lacking.We delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocytes.Indeed,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination preferences.Furthermore,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system region.Age and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric disorders.Nevertheless,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined investigations.Future studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity.Such research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,hold promise for the development of therapeutic interventions targeting varied central nervous system pathology.
基金Supported by Romanian Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,No.PN23.16.02.04 and No.31PFE/30.12.2021.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11%in the United States.As for other types of tumors,such as colorectal cancer,aberrant de novo lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism have been suggested to be associated with PDAC development and progression.AIM To identify the possible involvement of lipid metabolism in PDAC by analyzing in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues the expression level of the most relevant genes involved in the long-chain fatty acid(FA)import into cell.METHODS A gene expression analysis of FASN,CD36,SLC27A1,SLC27A2,SLC27A3,SLC27A4,SLC27A5,ACSL1,and ACSL3 was performed by qRT-PCR in 24 tumoral PDAC tissues and 11 samples from non-tumoral pancreatic tissues obtained via fine needle aspiration or via surgical resection.The genes were considered significantly dysregulated between the groups when the p value was<0.05 and the fold change(FC)was≤0.5 and≥2.RESULTS We found that three FA transporters and two long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases genes were significantly upregulated in the PDAC tissue compared to the non-tumoral tissue:SLC27A2(FC=5.66;P=0.033),SLC27A3(FC=2.68;P=0.040),SLC27A4(FC=3.13;P=0.033),ACSL1(FC=4.10;P<0.001),and ACSL3(FC=2.67;P=0.012).We further investigated any possible association between the levels of the analyzed mRNAs and the specific characteristics of the tumors,including the anatomic location,the lymph node involvement,and the presence of metastasis.A significant difference in the expression of SLC27A3(FC=3.28;P=0.040)was found comparing patients with and without lymph nodes involvement with an overexpression of this transcript in 17 patients presenting tumoral cells in the lymph nodes.CONCLUSION Despite the low number of patients analyzed,these preliminary results seem to be promising.Addressing lipid metabolism through a broad strategy could be a beneficial way to treat this malignancy.Future in vitro and in vivo studies on these genes may offer important insights into the mechanisms linking PDAC with the long-chain FA import pathway.
