In the 1980s,Feinbaum et al.first discovered miRNA in the development of worms and termed it as Lin-4.With the development of microbial science and continuous improvement in the gene sequencing technology,miRNA has be...In the 1980s,Feinbaum et al.first discovered miRNA in the development of worms and termed it as Lin-4.With the development of microbial science and continuous improvement in the gene sequencing technology,miRNA has been gradually gaining attention for intensive research in clinical medicine.Among these,one group of miRNAs has been confirmed to play fundamental roles in gene regulation in various orthopedics diseases,such as bone tumors,osteoarthritis,and rheumatoid arthritis.The study of miRNAs in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)can improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.ONFH is an orthopedic disease that is the primary cause of disrupted blood supply to the femoral head and the main symptoms of bone and muscle dysfunction.Recent studies showed that miRNA played a major role in the regulation of the microcirculation of ONFH,damage and repair of blood vessels,local microcirculation dysfunction caused by other diseases,and apoptosis of bone cells.In this study,recent related research results of miRNA and ONFH were analyzed and summarized,and the prospective in the prevention and treatment of the disease was also discussed.展开更多
Grass carp reovirus(GCRV)-induced gene 1(Gig1)is identified initially in crucian carp C.auratus as a novel interferon-stimulated gene(ISG)encoding an antiviral protein and subsequently as the founder member of Gig1 ge...Grass carp reovirus(GCRV)-induced gene 1(Gig1)is identified initially in crucian carp C.auratus as a novel interferon-stimulated gene(ISG)encoding an antiviral protein and subsequently as the founder member of Gig1 gene family.However,the evolution and function of Gig1 family members remain largely unknown.In this study,genome-wide searchs of 100 vertebrate species representing the main taxonomic lineages revealed that the Gig1 family originated from a common ancestor of bony fish but was completely lost in tetrapods.The Gig1 family is divided into three subfamilies,each with its own characteristics in gain and loss.Compared to subfamily Ⅰ that originated the earliest and showed no significant change in gene copies,subfamilies Ⅱ and Ⅲ were expanded robustly with teleost radiation.Despite no known domains having been identified,motif prediction revealed a conserved motif arrangement in all Gig1 family proteins.Functionally,both zebrafish and grass carp have subfamilies Ⅰ and Ⅱ but not subfamily Ⅲ.However,only certain subfamily Ⅱ genes were highly induced by viral infection and thus capable of inhibiting viral replication by overexpression and knockout assays.The Japanese rice fish medaka has no subfamily Ⅱ and,strikingly,one subfamily Ⅲ gene acquired antiviral feature.Site-directed mutation showed that three leucine residues conserved in the motif 1 were essential for the antiviral role of subfamily Ⅱ genes in zebrafish.In summary,our results indicate that bony fish-specific Gig1 gene family has been undergoing diversification in expression and function toward virus infection in a given species.展开更多
文摘In the 1980s,Feinbaum et al.first discovered miRNA in the development of worms and termed it as Lin-4.With the development of microbial science and continuous improvement in the gene sequencing technology,miRNA has been gradually gaining attention for intensive research in clinical medicine.Among these,one group of miRNAs has been confirmed to play fundamental roles in gene regulation in various orthopedics diseases,such as bone tumors,osteoarthritis,and rheumatoid arthritis.The study of miRNAs in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)can improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.ONFH is an orthopedic disease that is the primary cause of disrupted blood supply to the femoral head and the main symptoms of bone and muscle dysfunction.Recent studies showed that miRNA played a major role in the regulation of the microcirculation of ONFH,damage and repair of blood vessels,local microcirculation dysfunction caused by other diseases,and apoptosis of bone cells.In this study,recent related research results of miRNA and ONFH were analyzed and summarized,and the prospective in the prevention and treatment of the disease was also discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000302)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0730100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32473197,32403073,32202978)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number:2023ZD04065).
文摘Grass carp reovirus(GCRV)-induced gene 1(Gig1)is identified initially in crucian carp C.auratus as a novel interferon-stimulated gene(ISG)encoding an antiviral protein and subsequently as the founder member of Gig1 gene family.However,the evolution and function of Gig1 family members remain largely unknown.In this study,genome-wide searchs of 100 vertebrate species representing the main taxonomic lineages revealed that the Gig1 family originated from a common ancestor of bony fish but was completely lost in tetrapods.The Gig1 family is divided into three subfamilies,each with its own characteristics in gain and loss.Compared to subfamily Ⅰ that originated the earliest and showed no significant change in gene copies,subfamilies Ⅱ and Ⅲ were expanded robustly with teleost radiation.Despite no known domains having been identified,motif prediction revealed a conserved motif arrangement in all Gig1 family proteins.Functionally,both zebrafish and grass carp have subfamilies Ⅰ and Ⅱ but not subfamily Ⅲ.However,only certain subfamily Ⅱ genes were highly induced by viral infection and thus capable of inhibiting viral replication by overexpression and knockout assays.The Japanese rice fish medaka has no subfamily Ⅱ and,strikingly,one subfamily Ⅲ gene acquired antiviral feature.Site-directed mutation showed that three leucine residues conserved in the motif 1 were essential for the antiviral role of subfamily Ⅱ genes in zebrafish.In summary,our results indicate that bony fish-specific Gig1 gene family has been undergoing diversification in expression and function toward virus infection in a given species.
